75 Thomas Savage, Archbishop of York, to William Plumpton, 24 Februrary 1503; Kirby, 161; Stapleton, 198
76 William Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 21 March 1503; Kirby, 162; Stapleton, 52
77 William Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 21 March 1503, Kirby, 162; Stapleton, 52
78 Sir Robert Plumpton to Agnes Plumpton, 13 February 1504; Kirby, 169–70
79 Agnes Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 19 March 1504; Kirby, 171; Stapleton, 47
80 Agnes Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 12 April 1504; Kirby, 172; Stapleton, 49
81 Agnes Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 12 April 1504; Kirby, 172; Stapleton, 49
82 Agnes Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 12 April 1504; Kirby, 172; Stapleton, 49
83 Agnes Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 12 April 1504; Kirby, 172–3; Stapleton, 49
84 Agnes Plumpton to Sir Robert Plumpton, 26 April 1504; Kirby, 174; Stapleton, 45
85 Robert Chaloner to Sir Robert Plumpton, no date; Kirby, 180–81; Stapleton, 79
86 Lady Neville to Isabel Plumpton, 28 April ?1506; Kirby, 182; Stapleton, 82
87 Stapleton, cxix–cxxii
88 Indenture, 2 May 1515; Kirby, 291–2; Stapleton, cxxiii–cxxv
89 Stapleton, cxxvii
90 Stapleton, cxxxviii
PART II In the Renaissance State 1520–1610
1 R. A. Griffiths, ‘Tudor, Owen (c. 1400–1461)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
2 Sir Robert Naunton, Fragmenta Regalia (1630), London, 1870, 25
3 Estienne Perlin, Descriptions des Royaulmes d’Angleterre et d’Escosse, Paris, 1558, 11. Perlin loved England but hated the English, who spat in his face.
Discretion
1 Thomas Fuller, ‘The Good Yeoman’, The Holy State & the Profane State (1642), London, 1840, XXXIII, 91
2 John Leland, Itineraries (1549), ed. T. Hearne, Oxford, 1770, vol. IV, 51
3 For a masterly exploration of the Throckmortons in the sixteenth century, see Peter Marshall, ‘Crisis of Allegiance: George Throckmorton and Henry Tudor’, in P. Marshall and G. Scott, eds, Catholic Gentry in English Society, Ashgate, Farnham, 2009, 31–67; also for the rippling effects in later generations, see Peter Marshall, ‘Faith and Identity in a Warwickshire Family: The Throckmortons and the Reformation’, Dugdale Society Occasional Papers, No. 49, 2010
4 Marshall, ‘Crisis’, 33; Robert Throckmorton’s Will, The National Archives (TNA) Prob 11/20
5 Letters & Papers, Foreign & Domestic, Henry VIII, ed. James Gairdner, R. H. Brodie and J. S. Brewer, Institute of Historical Research, 1864–1920, available online at www.britishhistory.ac.uk (henceforth L&P), 2 (ii): 3922
6 L&P, 4 (ii): 4543
7 L&P, 6: 119, 120
8 Much of the following is in George’s full confession of October 1537, found among Cromwell’s papers and now in the National Archives under SP 1/125 fols 247–56; summarized in L&P, 12 (ii): 951–2; transcribed and modernized in J. A. Guy, The Public Career of Sir Thomas More, Yale University Press, 1980, 207–12
9 Guy, Public Career, 210
10 SP 1/125 fol. 251
11 SP 1/125 fol. 251
12 SP 1/125 fol. 247
13 SP 1/125 fols 251–2
14 SP 1/125 fol. 247
15 L&P, 6: 1365
16 Marshall, ‘Crisis’, 37–8
17 R. Holinshed, Chronicles, London, 1808, vol. IV, 52. These phrases were used by George’s son Nicholas at his treason trial under Mary Tudor.
18 L&P, 8: 26
19 George’s first, partial confession made in the Tower between December 1536 and January 1537 was also among Cromwell’s papers and is now in the National Archives under SP 1/113 folios 60r–65r; summarized in L&P, 11: 1406; this passage is under SP 1/113 fols 62r–62v
20 William Roper, The Lyfe of Sir Thomas More, Knyghte, Kraus reprint, 1978, 72
21 The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse, 2005, ed. H. R. Woudhuysen and D. Norbrook, 84
22 L&P, 11: 1406; SP 1/113 fol. 60r
23 L&P, 11: 1406; SP 1/113 fol. 60r
24 L&P, 11: 1406; SP 1/113 fols 60r–60v
25 Proclamation by Robert Aske, 15 October 1536
26 L&P, 11: 1406; SP 1/113 fol. 60v
27 L&P, 11: 1406; L&P, 11: 1406; SP 1/113 fol. 65r
28 Marshall, ‘Crisis’, 47
29 L&P, 11: 1405; SP 1/125 fol. 199
30 SP 1/125 fol. 250
31 SP 1/125 fol. 249
32 SP 1/125 fol. 252
33 Guy, Public Career, 203
34 Marshall, ‘Crisis’, 54
35 Marshall, ‘Faith and Identity’, 10; TNA Prob 11/36
36 Marshall, ‘Faith and Identity’, 15
Control
1 Alison D. Wall’s edition of Two Elizabethan Women: Correspondence of Joan and Maria Thynne 1575–1611, Wiltshire Record Society 38, Devizes, 1983, lies at the root of much of this chapter. The letters themselves belong to the Marquess of Bath and they are quoted here from the microfilm edition (microform R96703, 1950–) with his kind permission.
2 His mother said as much: Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 30 May 1595, Thynne Papers, v 73; Wall, Eliz. Women, 11–12
3 Philip Sidney and Mary, Countess of Pembroke, ed. and dedicatee, The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia, 1593; Sir John Harington, translator, Orlando Furioso, 1591
4 A. Wall, Eliz. Women, and ‘For Love, Money, or Politics? A Clandestine Marriage and the Elizabethan Court of Arches’, The Historical Journal, 38, 3 (1995), 511
5 A. Feuillerat, ed., The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia, Cambridge University Press, 1939, 143
6 Alison Wall, ‘Faction in Local Politics 1580–1620, Struggles for Supremacy in Wiltshire’, Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine 72/73 (1980) , 121–9
7 A. Wall, ‘Patterns of Politics in England 1558–1625’, The Historical Journal, 31, 4 (1988), 947–63
8 Wall, ‘Faction’, 121
9 B. Botfield, Stemmata Botevilliana, London, 1858, pedigree of Thynnes descended from a man apparently called ‘Thom at the Inne’, 55
10 Mark Girouard, ‘Thynne, Sir John (1512/13–1580)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004
11 Sir John Thynne to Christian Gresham, 5 February 1565; and to his son John at Oxford, December 1570, Thynne Papers (both on display at Longleat)
12 Ian Blanchard, ‘Gresham, Sir Richard (c.1485–1549)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
13 D. A. Crowley (ed.) et al., Victoria County History, Wiltshire, vol. 13, 1987, 155–69
14 The Mervyns’ Fonthill is long gone, replaced with one of the most beautiful eighteenth-and nineteenth-century landscapes in England, all paid for with the slave and sugar money of the Beckford family.
15 Barrett L. Beer, ‘Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset (c.1500–1552)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
16 Wall, Eliz. Women, xviii
17 Wall, Eliz. Women, xviii
18 Wall, Eliz. Women, xviii
19 Wall, Eliz. Women, xix; Paul Slack, ‘Hayward, Sir Rowland (c.1520–1593)’, rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
20 Richard Young to Sir John Thynne, 29 July 1575, Thynne Papers, iv, 79; Wall, Eliz. Women, 54
21 Richard Young to Sir John Thynne, 29 July 1575, Thynne Papers, iv, 79; Wall, Eliz. Women, 55
22 E. S. Cope, Handmaid of the Holy Spirit: Dame Eleanor Davies, Never Soe Mad a Ladie, Ann Arbor, 1992
23 C. Herrup, A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven, Oxford University Press, 2001
24 Wall, ‘Faction’, 124–5
25 Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 511
26 Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 511
27 Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 511–12
28 Much of the story that follows comes from a many-paged manuscript among the Thynne Papers (Book 190, Box XCIII), not available on microfilm, a tr
anscript of allegations, questions and depositions in a suit at the Court of Arches between 1597 and 1601. No page numbers. See Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 511, note 2
29 Book 190, Thomas Thynne’s answer, 5 May 1601; Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 527
30 Book 190, Edmund Mervyn deposition, 29 April 1597
31 Book 190, Edmund Mervyn deposition, 29 April 1597
32 Book 190, Lucy Audley’s deposition, 7 May 1597
33 Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 530
34 Book 190, Edmund Mervyn deposition, 29 April 1597
35 Book 190, Thomas Maudesley’s deposition, undated, ?28 April 1597
36 Book 190, final hearing, 22 May 1601; Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 527
37 Searched online: http://www.lulu.com/product/ebook/orlando-furioso/579486
38 Wall, ‘Faction’, 123
39 Joan Thynne to Thomas Higgins, 15 April 1595, Thynne Papers, v 80; Wall, Eliz. Women, 8
40 Joan Thynne to Thomas Higgins, 15 April 1595, Thynne Papers, v 80; Wall, Eliz. Women, 8
41 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 20 April 1595, Thynne Papers, v 82; Wall, Eliz. Women, 9
42 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 20 April 1595, Thynne Papers, v 82; Wall, Eliz. Women, 9
43 Alison Wall interprets these words (‘boteid and sporde’ in the original) as ‘butted and sported’; Wall, Eliz. Women, 9
44 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 20 April 1595, Thynne Papers, v 82; Wall, Eliz. Women, 9
45 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 8 May 1595, Thynne Papers, v 84; Wall, Eliz. Women, 10
46 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 8 May 1595, Thynne Papers, v 84; Wall, Eliz. Women, 10
47 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 8 May 1595, Thynne Papers, v 84; Wall, Eliz. Women, 10
48 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 30 May 1595, Thynne Papers, v 73; Wall, Eliz. Women, 11
49 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 30 May 1595, Thynne Papers, v 73; Wall, Eliz. Women, 11
50 Joan Hayward to John Thynne, soon after 10 October 1575, Thynne Papers, v 4; Wall, Eliz. Women, 1
51 Book 190, Thomas Thynne’s evidence 5 May 1601; Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 527
52 Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 522–6
53 Elizabeth Knyvett to John Thynne, 16 March 1601, Thynne Papers, vii 200; Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 526
54 Book 190, Thomas Thynne’s evidence, 5 May 1601; Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 527
55 Book 190, final hearing, 22 May 1601; Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 527
56 Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 527
57 Book 190, final hearing, 22 May 1601, Wall, ‘Clandestine’, 527
58 John Thynne to Joan Thynne, 26 July 1601, Thynne Papers, v 110; Wall, Eliz. Women, 20
59 John Thynne to Joan Thynne, 26 July 1601, Thynne Papers, v 110; Wall, Eliz. Women, 20
60 Sir James Mervyn to Maria Thynne, 19 August 1607, Thynne Papers, vii 335; Wall, Eliz. Women, 41
61 Maria Thynne to Joan Thynne, 15 September 1601, Thynne Papers, viii 12; Wall, Eliz. Women, 21
62 Lucy Audley to Joan Thynne, 10 June 1602, Thynne Papers, vii 232; Wall, Eliz. Women, 26
63 Lucy Audley to Joan Thynne, 10 June 1602, Thynne Papers, vii 232; Wall Eliz. Women, 26
64 Lucy Audley to Joan Thynne, 10 June 1602, Thynne Papers, vii 232; Wall Eliz. Women, 26
65 Maria Thynne to Joan Thynne, 13 June 1602, Thynne Papers, viii 16; Wall, Eliz. Women, 27
66 Maria Thynne to Joan Thynne, 27 July 1602, Thynne Papers, viii 18; Wall, Eliz. Women, 27–8
67 Joan Thynne to Lucy Audley, 8 August 1602, Thynne Papers, vii 237; Wall, Eliz. Women, 28–9
68 Joan Thynne to Lucy Audley, 8 August 1602, Thynne Papers, vii 237; Wall, Eliz. Women, 28
69 Then as now: Robbie Williams lives on the site of the Mervyns’ Compton Bassett manor house; the site of Caus Castle is barely more than a lump of ruined wall and a scrubby wood in the middle of a sheep-dunged field.
70 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 30 September 1600, Thynne Papers, v 97–8; Wall, Eliz. Women, 14
71 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 30 September 1600, Thynne Papers, v 97–8; Wall, Eliz. Women, 14–15
72 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 15 November 1600, Thynne Papers, v 101; Wall, Eliz. Women, 16
73 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 18 June 1601, Thynne Papers, v 108; Wall, Eliz. Women, 19
74 Joan Thynne to John Thynne, 5 March 1603, Thynne Papers, v 122–3; Wall, Eliz. Women, 30
75 Maria Thynne to Thomas Thynne, c.1604–5, Thynne Papers, viii 1; Wall, Eliz. Women, 32
76 Maria Thynne to Thomas Thynne, c.1604–5, Thynne Papers, viii 1; Wall, Eliz. Women, 32
77 Maria Thynne to Thomas Thynne, c.1607, Thynne Papers, viii 6; Wall, Eliz. Women, 37
78 Maria Thynne to Thomas Thynne, c.1607, Thynne Papers, viii 6; Wall, Eliz. Women, 38
79 Maria Thynne to Joan Thynne, 1606, Thynne Papers, viii 10; Wall, Eliz. Women, 34
80 Maria Thynne to Joan Thynne, 1606, Thynne Papers, viii 10; Wall, Eliz. Women, 34. For an essay on Maria’s rhetorical weaponry see Graham Williams, ‘“trobled wth a tedious discours”: Sincerity, Sarcasm and Seriousness in the Letters of Maria Thynne, c.1601–1610’, Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 11:2 (2010), 169–93
81 Maria Thynne to Joan Thynne, 1606, Thynne Papers, viii 10; Wall, Eliz. Women, 34
82 Maria Thynne to Joan Thynne, 1606, Thynne Papers, viii 10; Wall, Eliz. Women, 34
83 Joan Thynne to Thomas Thynne, 11 April 1607, Thynne Papers, viii 26; Wall, Eliz. Women, 38
84 Joan Thynne to Thomas Thynne, 11 April 1607, Thynne Papers, viii 26; Wall, Eliz. Women, 38
85 Joan Thynne to Thomas Thynne, 11 April 1607, Thynne Papers, viii 26; Wall, Eliz. Women, 39
86 Maria Thynne to Thomas Thynne, early 1610, Thynne Papers, viii 8; Wall, Eliz. Women, 49
87 Thomas Thynne to Maria Thynne, c.May 1610, Thynne Papers, xl 8; Wall, Eliz. Women, 50–1
88 Lucy Audley to Maria Thynne, early 1610, Thynne Papers, viii 59; Wall, Eliz. Women, 50
89 C. Herrup, A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven, Oxford University Press, 2001
90 D. Burnett, Longleat: The Story of an English Country House, London, 1978
PART III The Great Century 1610–1710
1 Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, London, 1717, Book 1, 74
2 J. Addison, The Spectator, No. 411, 21 June 1712
3 Bassingbourne Gawdy to Oliver le Neve, 6 February 1697, BL Add. (see page 00[beg of ch6]) 27397
4 John Norden, The Surveiors Dialogue, 1618
Steadiness
1 Francis Bamford, ed., A Royalist’s Notebook, London, 1936, 172
2 All Oglander’s surviving Account Books remain the property of Ms Fanny Oglander but are kept in the Isle of Wight County Record Office (IWCRO) in Newport, Isle of Wight. They are quoted with her very welcome permission. All references in these notes are to the IWCRO ‘OG’ numberings. Clifford Webster, for many years the Isle of Wight County Archivist, has made an exceptionally valuable indexed transcript of the books in which the spelling of the text is modernized. Pages of his transcript are referred to in these notes simply as ‘Webster’; my quotations are from the notebooks themselves.
3 Entries for December 1642–3; OG 90/6 fols ii–iii; Webster 807–9
4 OG 90/6 fol. v verso; Webster 816
5 OG 90/6 fol. iv; Webster 813
6 OG 90/6 fol. vi; Webster 817
7 OG 90/6 fols vi verso to xii; Webster 818–29
8 OG 90/6 page 96; Webster 888
9 OG 90/6 fol. vi; Webster 817
10 OG 90/4a fol. xi verso; Webster 614
11 Letter to Frances, 11 July 1643 OG/CC/52; Cecil Aspinall-Oglander, Nunwell Symphony, London, 1945, 99
12 OG 90/4a fol. iii verso; Webster 598; letter 26 July 1643; Aspinall-Oglander, Nunwell Symphony, 99
13 OG 90/6 page 61; Webster 889
14 OG 93/3a fol. 64; Webster 453
15 OG 90/4a fol. xxv; Webster 641
16 OG 90/4a fol. xxxiv;
Webster 659
17 OG 17/10; Webster 963
18 OG 93/3b frontispiece 3 to fol. iv; Webster 482–9
19 OG 93/3b fol. i; Webster 483
20 OG 93/3b fol. iii; Webster 487
21 OG 93/3b fol. ii verso; Webster 486
22 OG 93/3b fol. i; Webster 483
23 OG 93/3b fol. i verso; Webster 484
24 OG 93/3b fol. i verso; Webster 484
25 OG 93/3b fol. iii; Webster 487
26 OG 93/3b fol. i verso; Webster 484
27 OG 93/3b fol. iii; Webster 487
28 OG 93/3b fol. iii verso; Webster 488
29 OG 90/4a fol. iii verso; Webster 598
30 OG 90/4a fol. xii; Webster 615
31 OG 93/3b fol. iv; Webster 489
32 OG 90/1 page 159; Webster 48
33 OG 90/1 page 157; Webster 46
34 OG/19/1
35 OG 90/6 page 95; Webster 887
36 OG 90/6 page 95; Webster 887
37 OG 90/6 page 95; Webster 887
38 Bamford, A Royalist’s Notebook, 250; OG 90/6 page 97; Webster 889
39 OG 90/6 frontispiece; Webster 805
40 Bamford, A Royalist’s Notebook, 250–1; OG 90/6 page 97; Webster 889
41 W. H. Long, The Oglander Memoirs, London, 1888, 7–9
42 Long, Oglander Memoirs, 6, 20–1
43 Long, Oglander Memoirs, 21
44 OG 90/4b fol. xv; Webster 711
45 OG 90/4b fol. xv verso; Webster 712
46 OG 93/3b fol. xvii; Webster 515
47 OG 93/3b fol. vii; Webster 495
48 OG 90/4b fol. 37; Webster 751; Aspinall-Oglander, Nunwell Symphony, 70
49 Aspinall-Oglander, Nunwell Symphony, 66
50 Bamford, A Royalist’s Notebook, 72
51 Letter OG 0985/20; Aspinall-Oglander, Nunwell Symphony, 77
52 OG 90/4a fol. xx; Webster 631
53 OG 90/4a fol. xix verso; Webster 630
54 OG 90/4a fol. xx verso; Webster 632; Aspinall-Oglander, Nunwell Symphony, 81
55 OG 90/4a fol. vi; Webster 603
56 OG 90/4a fol. vi verso; Webster 604
57 OG 90/4a fol. vi verso; Webster 604
58 OG 90/4a fol. vi verso; Webster 604
59 OG 90/4a fol. vii verso; Webster 606
60 OG 90/4a fol. xxi; Webster 633
61 OG 90/4a fol. ix; Webster 609
62 OG 90/4b fol. xxvii verso; Webster 732
63 OG 90/4b fol. xxvii verso; Webster 732
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