Kissinger’s Shadow
Page 26
Agee, Philip
Agent Orange
Agnew, Spiro
Albright, Madeleine
Allen, Richard
Allende, Salvador
Al Qaeda
Ambrose, Stephen
Amchitka
Angleton, James
Angola
antiwar movement
apartheid
Arab-Israeli War
Arendt, Hannah; The Origins of Totalitarianism
Argentina
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand
AUMF
Austin, J. L.
Bachelet, Michelle
Baghdad
Bangladesh
Bay of Pigs invasion
Beirut
Berlin Wall, fall of
Berman, Larry
Bernstein, Carl
Bhopal disaster
bin Laden, Osama
Bolivia
Bolton, John
Bordaberry, Juan María
Bosnia
Boykin, William
Brandt, Willy
Brazil
Brezhnev, Leonid
Brinkley, David
Brinkley, Douglas
Brooks, David
Bruschtein, Santiago
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
Buckley, William F.
Bush, George H. W.; Gulf War; Panama invasion
Bush, George W.; Freedom Agenda; Iraq War
Bush, Jeb
Cambodia; bombing of; casualties and; Khmer Rouge-Nazi analogy; Mayaguez raid; Menu; 1970 invasion of; refugees
Capell, Frank, “The Kissinger Caper”
Carter, Jimmy
Carvajal, Patricio
Casey, William
Castro, Fidel
chemical warfare
Cheney, Dick
Cherne, Leo
Chile; Condor
China; Communism; Tiananmen massacre
Chomsky, Noam
Christmas Bombing
Churchill, Winston
CIA; Team B
Cienfuegos
civil rights movement
Clements, William
Clinton, Bill; bombing of Iraq
Clinton, Hillary
cluster bombs
Colby, William
Condor
Confluence
Congress; oversight of national security and covert action
containment
Cronkite, Walter
Cuba; missile crisis
Czechoslovakia
Dallek, Robert, Nixon and Kissinger
Davidson, Daniel
Dean, John
Defense Department
Democratic Party
Desert Storm
détente
Dobrynin, Anatoly
domino theory
Drinan, Robert
drones
drug trafficking
Eagleburger, Lawrence
Eastern Europe
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
Ehrlichman, John
Einaudi, Luigi
Eisenberg, Carolyn
Eisenhower, Dwight D.; nuclear policy; Vietnam policy
Elliott, William Y.
Ellsberg, Daniel; Pentagon Papers
Ellsberg’s paradox
El Salvador
existentialism
Fallaci, Oriana
FBI
Feinstein, Dianne
Feith, Douglas
Foley, Thomas
Ford, Gerald; Kissinger and; Mayaguez raid; 1976 presidential campaign
Freedom Deal
Fulbright, William
Gaddafi, Muammar
Gaddis, John Lewis
Gaffney, Frank
Gandhi, Indira
Gavin, James
Gelb, Leslie
Germany; fall of Berlin Wall; Nazi; World War II
Gerson, Michael
Giant, Lance
Goldwater, Barry
Graham, Billy
Great Britain; World War II
Great Society
Grenada; invasion of
Gromyko, Andrei
Guatemala
Gulf War
Guzzetti, César Augusto
Haig, Alexander
Haiti
Halberstam, David
Haldeman, Bob
Halperin, Morton
Hammadi, Sa’dun
Hanoi
Harriman, Averill
Harvard University
Havana
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Helms, Jesse
Helsinki Accords
Hersh, Seymour; The Price of Power
Hitchens, Christopher
Hitler, Adolf
Ho Chi Minh
Hoffmann, Stanley
Holbrooke, Richard
Holmes, Oliver Wendell
Holocaust; Khmer Rouge-Nazi analogy
Hook, Sidney
Hoover, J. Edgar
Hope, Bob
Hughes, Ken
Humphrey, Hubert
Hunt, Howard
Huntington, Samuel
Hussein, Saddam; Gulf War; Iraq War
India
Indonesia
Iran; -Iraq war; 1979 revolution; 1979–81 hostage crisis; SAVAK
Iran-Contra
Iraq; Clinton’s bombing of; Gulf War; -Iran war; sanctions; 2003 invasion of; WMDs
Isaacson, Walter
Islamic fundamentalism
Israel
Jackson State killings
Japan
jihadism
Johnson, Lyndon B.; Vietnam policy
Just Cause
Kabul
Kagan, Robert
Kalb, Marvin and Bernard
Kant, Immanuel
Kennan, George
Kennedy, John F.; Cuban missile crisis; Vietnam policy
Kennedy, Robert F.
Kent State killings
Kerry, John
Khmer Rouge-Nazi analogy
Khrushchev, Nikita
Kiernan, Ben
Kimball, Jeffrey P.
King, Martin Luther
Kirkpatrick, Jeane
Kissinger, Henry; Africa and; becomes secretary of state; George H. W. Bush and; Cambodia policy; charm of; Chile and; consulting firm of; on containment; Cuba and; on democracy and diplomacy; détente and; Diplomacy; existentialism of; Ford and; foreignness of; Gulf War and; at Harvard; Iraq War and; Kennedy and; Khmer Rouge-Nazi analogy; last years in office; Latin America and; legacy of; “The Meaning of History”; Middle East and; 9/11 investigation and; 1968 presidential election and; Nixon and; NSC and; on nuclear policy; political rise of; post-Cold War policy; post-Vietnam policy; racism of; Reagan and; secrecy and; shuttle diplomacy; “tar baby” policy; Team B and; Vietnam War and; The White House Years; World Order; World War II service; Years of Renewal
Kissinger Associates
Kissingerism
Knight, Hal
Koh, Harold
Koppel Ted
Korea
Kosovo
Kraemer, Fritz
Krauthammer, Charles
Kristol, William
Kurds
Kuwait
Laird, Melvin
Lake, Anthony
Lansdale, Edward
Laos; bombing of; 1971 invasion of
Lebanon
Le Duc Tho
LeMay, Curtis
Letelier, Orlando
Libya
Liddy, G. Gordon
Logevall, Fredrik
Lon Nol
Machiavelli, Niccolo
madman theory
Mao Zedong
Marcos, Ferdinand
Marxism
Mayaguez raid
McCarthyism
McCloskey, Paul
McCord, James W.
McGovern, George
McNamara, Robert
McReynolds, David
McSherry, J. Patrice
Mekong Delta
Menu
Mitchell, John
Mitrione, Dan
Moffitt, Ronni
Morgenthau, Hans
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick
Mozambique
MPLA
Mujica, José
My Lai
NAFTA
Namibia
National Security Act (1947)
National Security Council (NSC); Congressional oversight; reorganized by Kissinger
NATO
neoconservatives; Team B
Newsom, David
New York Times
Nicaragua
Niebuhr, Reinhold
9/11 attacks
Nixon, Richard M.; Cambodia policy; domestic policy; Kissinger and; madman theory; 1968 presidential election; 1972 presidential election; nuclear policy; obsession with Communism; racism of; resignation of; secrecy and; Southern Strategy; style; tapes; Vietnam policy; Watergate scandal
Nobel Peace Prize
Noriega, Manuel
North, Oliver
North Vietnam. See also Vietnam War
Nunn, Sam
Obama, Barack
O’Neill, Tip
one percent doctrine
Organization of American States
Osgood, Robert
Owen, Taylor
Packard, David
Packer, George
Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza, Shah of Iran
Pakistan; ISI
Palestine
Panama; casualties; 1989 invasion of
Paraguay
Paris Peace Accords
Pathet Lao
Pentagon; torture manuals
Pentagon Papers
Perlstein, Rick
Peru
petrodollars
Philippines
Phnom Penh
Pickering, Thomas
Pike Committee
Pinochet, Augusto
Pipes, Richard
PLO
Pol Pot
positivism
Power, Samantha
Prague Spring
presidential elections; of 1960; of 1968; of 1972; of 1976; of 1980
Preston, Andrew
Proxmire, William
Ramat, Raúl Albert
RAND Corporation
Rather, Dan
Reagan, Ronald; covert wars; Grenada invasion; Iran-Contra scandal; Kissinger and; 1976 presidential campaign; 1980 presidential election; Soviet Union and
realism
relativism, 70,
religion
Republican Party
Rhodesia
Richardson, Elliot
Robin, Corey
Rockefeller, Nelson
Rodgers, Daniel, The Age of Fracture
Rogers, William
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Rostow, Walt
Rousseff, Dilma
Rove, Karl
Rumsfeld, Donald
Safire, William
Saigon; fall of
Sartre, Jean-Paul
Saudi Arabia
Savimbi, Jonas
savings and loans scandal
Schelling, Thomas
Schlafly, Phyllis
Schlesinger, Arthur
Scowcroft, Brent
Senate Armed Services Committee
Senate Church Committee
Shawcross, William; Sideshow
Shlaudeman, Harry
Shrum, Bob
Shultz, George
shuttle diplomacy
Sihanouk, Prince
Sitton, Ray
Slocombe, Walter
Somalia
South Africa
South Vietnam. See also Vietnam War
Soviet Union; Afghanistan war; collapse of; Communism; Cuban missile crisis; détente and; expansionism; nuclear policy; Reagan and; SALT; Team B and
Spengler, Oswald; The Decline of the West
State Department
Stockwell, John
Suharto
Sullivan, William
Supreme Court
Suskind, Ron
Symington, Stuart
Syria
Taliban
Tanter, Raymond
“tar baby” policy
Taylor, Maxwell
Team B
Tet offensive
Thieu, Nguyen Van
Third World
Thurmond, Strom
Torricelli, Robert
torture; Feinstein report
Tower, John
Toynbee, Arnold
Trevor-Roper, Hugh
Truman, Harry
Turse, Nick
Union Carbide
United Nations
Urgent Fury
Uruguay
Vance, Cyrus
Vietcong
Vietnam syndrome
Vietnam War; Cambodia bombing and invasion; casualties; duel reporting system; end of; Johnson policy; Kennedy policy; Kissinger and; Nixon policy; nuclear policy and; Pentagon Papers; secrecy; Stone-Age strategy
Wallace, George
War on Terror
Washington Post
Watergate scandal
Watts, William
Wheeler, Earle
WikiLeaks
Will, George
Wilson, Woodrow
Wolfowitz, Paul
Woodward, Bob
World War I
World War II
Yale University
Yemen
Yhaya, Zahraa
Young, David
Yugoslavia
Zaire
Zhou Enlai
Ziegler, Ron
Zimbabwe
Zumwalt, Elmo
Zwillich, Todd
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
GREG GRANDIN is the author of The Empire of Necessity, which won the Bancroft Prize; Fordlandia, which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award; as well as Empire’s Workshop and The Blood of Guatemala. A professor of history at New York University and a recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the New York Public Library, Grandin has served on the UN Truth Commission investigating the Guatemalan Civil War and has written for the Los Angeles Times, The Nation, New Statesman, and The New York Times. You can sign up for email updates here.
ALSO BY GREG GRANDIN
The Empire of Necessity: Slavery, Freedom, and Deception in the New World
Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City
Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism
The Last Colonial Massacre: Latin America in the Cold War
The Blood of Guatemala: A History of Race and Nation
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CONTENTS
Title Page
Copyright Notice
Dedication
Epigraph
PRELUDE: On Not Seeing the Monster
INTRODUCTION: An Obituary Foretold
1. A Cosmic Beat
2. Ends and Means
3. Kissinger Smiled
4. Nixon Style
5. Anti-Kissinger
6. The Opposite of Unity
7. Secrecy and Spectacle
8. Inconceivable
9. Cause and Effect
10. Onward to the Gulf
11. Darkness into Light
EPILOGUE: Kissingerism without Kissinger
Notes
Acknowledgments
Index
About the Author
Also by Greg Grandin
Copyright
KISSINGER’S SHADOW. Copyright
© 2015 by Greg Grandin. All rights reserved. For information, address Henry Holt and Co., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010.
www.henryholt.com
eBooks may be purchased for business or promotional use. For information on bulk purchases, please contact Macmillan Corporate and Premium Sales Department by writing to MacmillanSpecialMarkets@macmillan.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available.
ISBN: 978-1-62779-449-7
e-ISBN 978-1-62779-450-3
First Edition: November 2015
* Kissinger wrote his thesis long before the United States fully committed to Vietnam, but over the years he’d return again and again to many of its premises to explain why that war, along with others that followed, went wrong. His most recent book, World Order, cites T. S. Eliot’s “Choruses from the Rock”: “Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? / Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?”
* Fifty years later, George W. Bush’s undersecretary of defense for policy, Douglas Feith, an important player in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, proposed that Washington should respond to 9/11 by attacking South America, along with “other targets outside the Middle East in the initial offensive,” in order to “surprise the terrorists.” (Feith’s memo is discussed in the 9/11 Commission report and reported on in Newsweek, August 8, 2004.)
* Letters exchanged between Henry Kissinger and Hannah Arendt regarding a submission capture something essential about the two correspondents. Kissinger (on August 10, 1953) alternates between obsequiousness, condescension, and pedantry: “I hope you will not feel that I have done violence to any of your intentions in some of my editorial changes. Your article is one of the most substantial ones we have printed since we have started Confluence and I have worked on it with the greatest sympathy spending a whole weekend going over it several times. I did make a few cuts not because it was too long but because it seemed to me to ramble. I am convinced that the essence of a good article is also to keep some proportion between what one must say to support one’s argument and what might be excellent in itself but what detracts from the main force of the argument.” Arendt’s response (August 14, 1953) dispensed with courtesies: “I fear you will be disappointed to see from the galleys all sentences which you wrote were eliminated and quite a few of my own sentences re-instated.… I realize that your editorial methods—re-writing to the point of writing your own sentences—are quite current.… I happen to object to them on personal grounds and as a matter of principle. If we had given this matter a little more thought, you might have decided not to want this, or any of my manuscripts, which I would have regretted. But it certainly would have saved us both some time and trouble.” The rest of the correspondence, found in the Hannah Arendt Papers at the Library of Congress, suggest that Kissinger published the manuscript as per Arendt’s wishes.
* “When technique becomes exalted over purpose, men become the victims of their complexities. They forget that every great achievement in every field was a vision before it became a reality,” he wrote in 1965 (The Troubled Partnership, p. 251).