On The Map: Why the world looks the way it does

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On The Map: Why the world looks the way it does Page 36

by Garfield, Simon

Clark, William 353, 425

  Clarkson, Jeremy 376n, 382

  clay tablets 37–8, 38

  Cleomedes 29

  Cleopatra 32

  Clinton, Bill 378

  Cock, Hieronymus 122

  Coffman, Ferris La Verne 248

  Colby, Thomas 189

  Cold War 133, 318

  colonial surveys 190–93, 191

  Colossus of Rhodes 48

  Columbia University 357, 370

  Columbus, Christopher 37, 76, 87, 91, 111, 119, 142, 336–37, 374

  discovery of the New World 99

  first trans-Atlantic voyage (1492) 35, 105–6, 110, 113, 136, 261n

  and a flat earth 25

  lands in South America 107, 116, 117, 118

  and misnaming of America 112, 120

  and Polo’s Travels 79

  second voyage (1494) 107, 110

  third voyage (1498) 107

  Compass network 378n

  compass points 18, 110, 369, 371

  compasses 182, 197, 199, 267, 336–7, 404, 413

  comScore 427

  Condé Nast Traveller 369

  Conformal projection 130

  Congo 213, 443

  Congo Free State 216, 218

  Congo River 210, 216

  Conquete du Monde, La (board game) 402

  Conrad, Joseph 209–10, 218–19

  Constantinople 103

  Container Corporation of America 154

  Contarini, Giovanni 111–12

  contours 198

  Cook, Captain James 181, 261, 263, 264, 271

  Cooper’s Creek, Australia 236, 237, 239

  Copernicus, Nicolaus 130, 389

  copper plates 84, 103, 141n, 147, 151, 177

  copyright 174, 290, 341

  Cordiform projection 127

  Coronelli, Vincenzo 338

  Cortés, Hernán 105, 121

  county surveys 183

  Crane, Nicholas 130

  Crates of Mallus 34, 259–60

  Creation 58, 140, 148

  Cretan Labyrinth 46

  Crimean War (1853–6) 250

  Crocker Nuclear Laboratory 100

  Crozet Islands 258

  Cuba 107, 111

  Curtiz, Michael 314

  Cyrene, Libya 25

  D&D World of Greyhawk 408

  D. Appleton & Co. 304n, 376

  D-Day 307, 307

  Da Gama, Vasco 105, 110, 260–61, 261n, 425

  Da Pisa, Rustichello 76, 78

  Da Signa, Boncompagno 84–5

  Dabbs, James 371

  Dagronia 74

  Dalche, Patrick Gautier 69

  Dalrymple, Alexander 263

  D’Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourgignon 212–14, 213

  Dapper, Olfert 365

  Darrow, Charles Brace 403

  Darwin 239

  Davenport, B. Warwick 334, 335

  Davis, Irving 95, 97

  Davis, J. E. 222

  Dawkins, Richard 18, 415–17

  Day, Nicole 331, 332, 333

  De Cantilupe, St Thomas 54–5

  De Gruchy & Leigh’s map of Burke and Wills’ route 235–6, 236, 238

  de Hamel, Dr Christopher 42

  de la Acensión, Antonio 124

  De la Cosa, Juan 116

  map of Columbus’s journeys 107–11, 108

  De Mosto, Alvise 83

  dead reckoning 106, 374, 378, 383

  De’Barbari, Jacopo 84, 85

  Declaration of Independence (1776) 165

  Defoe, Daniel 222

  delineators 182

  Deller, Jeremy 440

  Dexter, Mike 197

  Diana, Princess 51

  Dias, Bartolomeu 105, 106, 261n

  Dickens, Charles 233, 339

  Dijkstra, Edsger W. 380n

  DiMaggio, Joe 322

  Discovery expedition (1901–4) 255–6, 258–9, 273

  Discovery space shuttle 375

  disease maps 230, 231

  Doge’s Palace, Venice 79, 84

  Dollond, John 182

  Dollond, Peter 182

  Don River 49

  Donwood, Stanley 440

  Doom 406

  Doppelmayr, Johann Gabriel 338

  Dr Strangelove 317, 318

  dragons on maps 72–74, 73, 431

  Drake, Sir Francis 135–39, 262, 425

  Drake Passage 138–39, 272

  ‘Drogho’ 101n

  Drummond, Thomas 189, 190

  Dublin 246, 247

  Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) 406–8, 407

  Dunkirk evacuation 348

  Dürer, Albrecht 127

  D’Urville, Jules Dumont 268

  earth, the

  bulges slightly at Equator 29

  at centre of the universe 27

  circumference 29

  curvature of 110, 126, 192, 350

  Drake’s circumnavigation 135

  dual-hemisphere projection 76

  Eratosthenes’s calculations 29, 32, 33

  first circumnavigation (1522) 113, 337

  flat 24–5, 26, 26

  the inhabited world 27–8

  as one round planisphere 76

  round 24

  spherical 25, 27, 126

  Strabo’s calculations 33

  Earth Platinum Edition 158, 159

  East End, London 275, 275, 276, 277–8

  East India Company 192

  Ebstorf map 67, 68, 69, 73, 74

  eco-tourism 309

  Eden, Garden of 66, 67, 76n

  Edinburgh 311–12

  Edney, Matthew 184, 186

  Edward I, King 48

  Egypt 138, 301

  Eighty Years War (1568–1648) 161

  Einstein, Albert 410–11, 413, 420

  Elcano, Juan Sebastian 137

  Elder Scrolls 395, 396

  Elizabeth I, Queen 135, 141, 181, 262

  Elizabethides 262–63

  Ellingham, Mark 310

  Endurance expedition (1914–16) 222, 265

  English Strait 265

  Enlightenment 126

  epilepsy 421

  Equator, and projections 127

  Eratosthenes 34, 192, 391, 409, 425

  calculates the earth’s measurements 29, 32, 33

  first astrolabe 25

  Librarian at Alexandria 25

  use of Library scrolls 26–7

  world map 27–8, 30

  Geographica 25

  Erebus (ship) 267

  Ericsson (Eiriksson), Leif 91n, 425

  ‘Estoliland’ 101n

  Etak 380n

  Euphrates River 33, 38n

  Europe

  Al-Idrisi’s map 64

  Andrea Bianco map 70–71

  Erasthenes’s map 28

  and GPS 378n

  Hereford Mappa Mundi 48, 49

  look of Europe transformed 234

  Mercator’s map 132

  and the Silver Map 137

  Europe on $5 a Day 308

  Evans, Edgar 271

  Evans, Sir Frederick 220

  Evans, Lewis 353

  Everest, George 190–93

  Expositio Mappae Mundi 69–70

  Facebook map 15–17

  Faraday, Michael 189

  Farmville 406

  Ferdinand II, King of Castile 106, 119, 142

  Ferdinand VII, King of Spain 124

  Ferrajoli de Ry, Enzo 90, 94, 95, 97, 98

  Festival of Britain map 437

  Fields, W. C. 321

  Financial Times 345

  Finé, Oronce 120, 261, 262

  Finke, Leonhard Ludwig 231

  First World War 306, 349

  Fischer, Josef 101–2, 119n

  Fisher, Otto 359

  Fitz, Ellen Eliza 340

  Fleet River 175

  Fleury, France 61

  flight trackers 436

  Flinders River 237

  Florida: first dated map to name Florida 120

  Flynn, Errol 321

&n
bsp; Fodor, Eugene 307, 308

  Folio Society 53

  ‘fomites’ 224

  Fonda, Henry 320

  Fontana, Francisco 389–90

  Ford, Richard 300n

  forgery 87, 92, 96, 97, 100, 118, 364–5

  Forlani, Paolo 143

  Forster, E.M. 302–3

  Fortunate Isles 66

  Foursquare 432

  Fowler, Lorenzo Niles and Orson Squire 418, 419, 419

  Fowler, William 201

  France

  Andrea Bianco map 71

  and Antarctica 271

  Cassini family’s Carte de France 184, 185, 186

  French ‘scientific’ school of map-making 151

  imperialism in Africa 216

  maps of occupied France 394

  Michelin guides 306–7

  triangulation in 186, 390

  Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 306

  Frederick the Great 184

  Friedman, Thomas L. 72

  Frisland 138, 141

  Frobisher, Sir Martin 139

  Frommer, Arthur 307, 308

  Fukushima 432

  Gable, Clark 320

  Gale Ridge 268

  Galileo Galilei 387

  Galileo network 378n

  Gall, Franz Joseph 418

  Gall, James 131

  Gall-Peters projection 131–2, 132, 133

  Gallia 137

  Garamantes of Solinus 50

  Garmin 318, 376, 380n

  gaslight 189, 190

  Gastaldi, Giacomo 83–4, 143

  Gebirge Kong 207

  Geffen, David 323

  geocaching 199

  geography

  coining of the word 26

  first scholars 24

  geology 260

  George III, King 186, 357

  George VI, King 347

  Germany

  the Blaeu Atlas Maior on 148

  imperialism in Africa 216

  magnetic science 266

  Mercator’s map 132–3

  Monopoly in 405n

  role in revival of Ptolemy 146

  Gerry, Elbridge 165, 166

  Gerrymander 165–6, 166

  Gervase of Tilbury 69

  Getty, Paul 45

  Gibbs Island 265

  Giorgione 85

  Gladwell, Malcolm (‘Timothy Nation’) 369–70

  Glastonbury Festival 439

  Globe, London 170

  globes 14

  ‘All States in the Union’ 340

  Behaim’s globe 113

  Churchill’s globe 327–36, 347

  eastern hemisphere 119

  Erdapfel 336–8, 337

  craze for collectors 104

  first successful commercial American globemaker 340

  Lenox Globe 73–4

  manufacture and sale of 339–40

  maps and styles of globes 338–9

  miniature 336

  Patrick Moore’s globes 385, 386

  Glockenthon, Georg Albrecht 337–8

  Glonass network 378n

  Gnomic projection 127

  gnomon 29, 192

  Goddijn, Harold 380–83, 381

  Goebbels, Joseph 405n

  Gog and Magog 67

  Golden Fleece 46, 69, 143

  Golden Hind (ship) 262

  Goldfinger (film) 318

  Gondwana 260

  Google 131, 383

  and Apple 434–5

  buys Google Earth software 429

  internal mapping 425–6

  Liquid Galaxy map wall 425, 426

  McClendon’s ambition 427–8

  and privacy issues 432–3

  Google Earth 17, 425, 427–30

  Google Maps 126, 134, 310, 344, 376, 424, 425, 427, 428, 430–7

  Google Scholar 428

  Google Sky 427

  Google Street View 433

  Googleplex, Mountain View, California 424, 425, 426, 433, 443

  Goos, Abraham 122

  Gosse, William 239

  Gould, Rupert 222

  Gowrie, Lord 42, 43, 44, 45, 52

  GPS (Global Positioning System) 19, 186, 197, 199, 374–84

  advanced trilateration 374

  arrival of in-car digital mapping 379

  commercialisation of US Navy’s ‘Transit’ system 379

  Dutch dominance of the new digital mapping world 379–80

  and large sheet maps 377–8

  loss of 375

  and OpenStreetMap 442

  principles of 378–9

  privacy issue 432

  start of 378

  TomTom Go Live 1005 World 375–6

  and US 378n

  when it fails 376–7, 377 see also sat navs

  Grand Forks, North Dakota test 368

  Grand Theft Auto 4 (GTA4) 397–98

  Grand Tour of Europe 298

  Graphical User Interface 416

  graticule 13, 39, 127

  Gray, Charles 237, 238, 239

  Great Bear map 292, 437

  Great Fire of London (1666) 171, 173, 174, 179, 180, 230

  Great Ice Barrier 258, 268, 314n

  Great Lakes 123, 248

  Great Library of

  Alexandria 38, 43, 425

  destruction by fire (48 BC) 32

  Eratosthenes’s calculations 29

  first accomplished maps of the world 23–4

  fragmentary information about world 25

  legacy of Alexander the Great 23

  Library scrolls 22, 26–7

  proto-map of the world 24

  Ptolemy’s atlas 34–5, 36, 37

  the world’s first university 23

  Great Meridional Arc 192

  Great Plague (1665) 229, 230

  Great Trigonometrical

  Survey of India 191–2, 191, 193

  Great Wall of China 67

  Great White Silence, The (film) 314n

  Greaves & Thomas 344

  Greco-Persian wars 24

  Greco-Roman empire 37

  Green, Robert 171

  Greenland

  the Blaeu Atlas Maior on 148

  first printed world map to show Greenland 105

  Mercator’s map 126, 132

  shown as an island for first time 261, 262

  Vinland Map 93, 93

  Greenwich, London 277, 339

  Greenwich Island 265

  Greenwich Observatory, London 186, 391n

  grid north 198

  Guanahani, Bahamas 107, 111

  guidebooks 297–310

  Baedekers 301, 303–4, 303, 305

  Blue Guides 304, 306

  criticism of 302–3

  Murrays 298–304, 301

  Fodor and Frommer 307–9

  Lonely Planet and Rough Guides 308–10, 309

  and spread of railways 301

  Guinness Book of World Records 151, 159

  Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia 235, 236, 237

  Gulf of Guinea 207, 208

  Gulf of Mexico 120, 248

  Gunter’s chains 182, 183

  Gurney, Goldsworthy 190

  Gutenberg Bible 99, 101, 359

  Gutierrez, Diego 121

  Gygax, Gary 408

  Gymnasium Vosagense 113

  gyroscopes 373, 379

  Hakluyt, Richard 136

  Halley, Edmund 131, 170

  Hamilton, Captain R.V. 221–2

  Handbook to India, Burma and Ceylon (Murray) 301

  Harbour, Dominic 55, 56

  Harcourt, Rev W. Vernon 267

  Harold, King 39

  Harrison, John 106n

  Harrison, Richard Edes 350, 351, 351

  Harry Potter and The Prisoner of Azkaban (film) 318–20, 319

  Hartman, Phil 322

  Harvard University 360

  Harvey, Miles 364

  Hastings, Battle of (1066) 39

  Haynes, Very Reverend Peter, Dean of Hereford 42–3, 44, 51, 52

  Hecataeus of Miletus 26
r />   heliostats 189

  Helluland 93

  Hendrik van Loon’s Wide World 402

  Heng, Chang 81

  Henry III, King 60

  Henry VII, King 83

  Henry the Navigator 337

  ‘Here Be Dragons’ map myth 72, 73, 73, 74

  Hereford Cathedral 42–3, 45, 51–2, 75

  Chained Library 45, 52, 56

  Hereford Mappa Mundi 42–58, 47, 48, 53, 62, 63, 67, 69, 70, 75, 112, 298, 333

  anomalies on 48

  dating of 48

  described 43–4, 46–50, 57

  facsimiles of 52–3

  am 52

  proposed sale of 42–3, 44, 45, 53

  resurgence in academic study of 53–5

  sources 46

  a T-O map 49

  Hero (boat) 264

  Herodotus 24–5, 211

  Herschel, Sir John 266

  Herschel II Strait, Mars 391

  Hill, Sir Rowland 201–2, 202, 203

  hippocampus 412–14, 421

  Hippocrates 231

  Hippodamus 26

  Hispaniola 107

  Historia General 122

  Hitler, Adolf 303, 329

  Hoces, Francisco de 137n

  Hodgson, Thomas 258

  Hollar, Wenceslaus 172

  Holy Land 78

  and Madaba map 39

  Holzer, Jenny 440

  Homann, Johann Baptist 338

  Home, Gordon 256

  Homer 23, 24, 25, 34, 103

  Hondius, Henricus 147

  Hondius, Jodocus 141n, 211, 261, 353

  Hondius dynasty 151

  Hooke, Robert 179

  Hope, Bon 320

  Hounslow Heath 187

  Housego, Fred 413

  Howitt, Alfred 238

  Hsiu, P’ei 81

  Hsuang-Tsang 65

  Hudson Strait 139

  Human Connectome Project 422–3

  human genome 422

 

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