On The Map: Why the world looks the way it does
Page 38
Pekul, Darlene 408
Peloponnese, Strabo on 33
Penn, William 171
Pepys, Samuel 168
Pergamum, library of 32, 34n
periplus documents 297
Perry, Grayson 440–1, 441
Perry, Melvin 363
Persian empire 24, 28
Peru 138, 308, 310
Peters, Arno 131, 132, 133
Peutinger Table 39, 40
Pharos lighthouse, Alexandria 24, 66
Philip II, King of Spain 353
Philips 153, 380n
Phillips, Professor John 267
Phobos 391
phone apps 12, 17, 19, 373, 375, 394
photometers 189
phrenology 418–20, 419
pilot charts 147
Piltdown Man 52
Pim, Commander Richard 348–9, 349
Planetary System Nomenclature 86
Plantin, Christopher 144
Play of Geography, The (board game) 401
Pliny the Elder 46
Pluto 387
polar exploration 152, 235
Polo, Marco 74, 76, 78, 81, 83, 337, 425
Book of Travels 78–79, 105
Polo, Matteo 78
Polo, Niccolò 78
Ponting, Herbert 314n
Porter, Philip 208
portolan sea charts 110, 111
Portugal: imperialism in Africa 216
Postel, Guillaume 134
Potamus, Hippo 163
Potter, Jonathan 358
prime meridian 39, 391
Prince of Persia 406
Princess Elizabeth Island 268
Proctor, Richard 391
Psalter Map 67, 74
Pseudocordiform
projection 127
Psion 380, 381
Ptolemy, Claudius 82, 84, 104, 113, 115, 119, 141–2, 148, 150, 211, 260, 409
Arab scholars draw on his work 63
classical grid system 127, 130
rules of cartography 12
‘superior’ projection 127
worked at the Great Library of Alexandria 22
world’s first modern cartographer 35
Almagest 35
Geographia 34–5, 36, 37, 39, 41, 103–4, 105, 111, 119, 130
Ptolemy XIV 32
Public Carriage Office 412
Public Health Act (1848) 224
Public Health Amendment Act (1890) 278
Pythagoras 25
Queen Alexandra Range 268
Queen Mary Land 268
railways
maps 228, 301
spread of 299, 301
Raines, Claude 321
Ramsden, Jesse 186–7
Ramusio, Giovanni 79
Rand McNally 133, 334, 376
Ransome, Arthur 246
Rasmussen, Jens 425
Rasmussen, Lars 425
Ratoff, Gregory 322
Rauch, Nicolas 90
Ravenna, Italy 66
Reade, William Winwood 214, 215
Red Cross 404
Red Sea
in the Beatus Map 67
in Psalter Map 67
Redouté, Pierre-Joseph 353–4
Reese, William 101, 358–60, 361–2
Reeves, Elwood 402
Reinecke, Johann 207
Renaissance 41, 104, 126
Rennell, James 204–7, 209
Revelation of St John 66
Rhineland (Baedeker) 303
Rhodes: on Eratosthenes’s map 27, 29
rhumb lines 110, 111, 127
Richard of Battle (Richard de Bello) 54
Richard of Chichester, St 67
Richard of Haldingham and Lafford 54
Richard the Lionheart 70
Richmond, Duke of 187
Ringmann, Matthias 113
Risk! (game) 402–3, 403
Ristow, Walter W. 248
Robinson, Arthur 133
Rodgers, Will 323
Roger II, King of Sicily 64
role-playing games 406–8
Roman Empire 33, 39, 40, 46, 143
Roman roads 62, 298
Rome 61, 78, 92, 143
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 328, 328, 329, 332, 349
Rose, Frederick Walrond 163, 164
Ross, Sir James Clark 222, 266–7, 268, 271, 272
Ross, Sir John 267
Ross Ice Shelf 264n, 268, 272
Ross Sea 268
Rostok (Russian frigate) 264
Rough Guides 309–10, 309
Rowling, J. K. 319–20
Rowntree, Joseph 275
Roy, General William 182, 184, 186–7, 189, 192
Royal Company Island 262–3
Royal Geographical Society 133, 199, 205, 221, 222
Royal Library, Copenhagen 363
Royal Military Academy, Woolwich 189
Royal Navy 264, 265
Royal Society 179, 186, 187, 189, 263
Royal Society of Victoria 234, 235
Royal Statistical Society 275
Royds, Charles 258
Russia
and GPS 378n
in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 143 see also USSR
Russland (Baedeker) 305
St Albans abbey 58
St Bride’s church 180
St Dié, France 113
St Mark’s Square, Venice 75, 85
St Paul’s Cathedral, London 60, 174, 176
Sanson, Nicolas 123
Santa Barbara, California 367, 368, 369
Santa Monica pier 322
Sartorius Island 265
satellite navigation 19, 85, 318, 327, 330–31, 427 see also GPS
Saturday Night Live 322
Saxton, Christopher 183
Sayer, Robert 183
Sayers, Dorothy L. 74
Scacchi, Greta 239
Scher, Paula 440
Schiaparelli, Giovanni 389, 390, 391
Schnitzer, Johannes 36
Schwartz, Seymour 118
sciapod 48, 48, 337
Scoresby, Captain William, Jnr 250–51
Scotland
the Blaeu Atlas Maior on 148
Jacobite Uprising (1745) 183–4
Matthew Paris’s strip map 62
Roy’s survey (1747–55) 184
Strabo’s comments 33
and the Treasure Island map 250
Vinland Map 92
Scott, Captain Robert
Falcon 255, 256, 258, 259, 263, 270, 271, 272, 314n
Scott microprobe 393n
Scull, Anthony John 363
Scylla 48
Scythia 27, 28
Sea of George the Fourth 266
Sea of Tranquillity, Moon 86
Seaman, Valentine 230, 231
Seaver, Kirsten 101
Second Boer War (1899–1902) 254
Second Life 407
Second World War 180, 303, 306, 307, 347
Selkirk, Alexander 222
Seller, John 170
Selsey, Sussex 385
Senex, John 170, 353
Serio-Comic War Map for the Year 1877 163–4, 164
Seven Wonders of the World 24
sextants 182, 383
Seymour, Robert 225
Shackleton, Ernest Henry 222, 255, 256, 265, 271, 425
Shepard, Alan 86
Shonibare, Yinka 346
Sicily
Paris’s strip map 60
Strabo on 33
Sikdar, Radhanath 193, 193
Silicon Graphics 429
Silver Map of Drake’s Voyage 135–9, 136
Simon, Sir John 224, 232
Simpsons, The 322
Sims, The 406
Singh, Nain 193
Sinus Sabaeus, Mars 391
Skelton, R. A. 95, 97, 98–9, 186–7
Skelton, Reginald W. 258
Sky at Night, The 385, 386
Skyrim 395–97, 396, 398, 406, 407, 409
Smiley, Edward Forbes, III 360–62, 361
, 364
Smith, Captain John 362
Smith, William 264
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 100
Snakes on a Plane (film) 316
Snow, Dr John 223–6, 224, 227, 228–33
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge 193n
Soho, London 223, 226, 227, 229
Solinus 46
Sorkin, Aaron 132
Sotheby’s, London 42, 44, 45, 143
Sotheby’s, New York 365
Sotheby’s (realty) 323
South America
Columbus lands in 107, 117, 118
and Forlani 143
Mercator’s map 132
as part of Gondwana 260
Cabot’s explorations 83
and the Silver Map 138, 139
as Terra Incognita/Nova/Papagalli 119
and Vespucci 117
Waldseemüller map 113, 114
South Pole 181, 261, 270, 272, 273, 314n, 344
South Pole Traverse 272
South Shetland Islands 264
Southern Ocean 264
Space Invaders 406
Spanish Empire 160
Spanish Netherlands 161
speed cameras 382
Speed, John 172, 183, 353, 363
Speke, John 210
Spencer’s Strait 265
Spielberg, Steven 315–16
Spilsbury, John 401, 401
stadion (pl. stades) (unit of measurement) 29, 33
Stalin, Joseph 329, 349
Standard Oil 351
Stanfords map and travel store, Covent Garden, London 153, 170, 304, 343, 441
Stanley, Henry Morton 65, 204, 210, 214, 216, 218, 425
Stanleyville (now Kisangani, DRC) 217
Starke, Mariana 299
StarLine tours 322–3
Steinberg, Saul: Manhattanite’s view of the world 438, 438
Stench Point 268
Stent, Peter 168
stereographic projection 127
Stevenson, David 250
Stevenson, Robert Louis 240, 243–6, 244, 249–50, 253, 269
Stevenson, Robert, Snr 250, 251
Stewart, James 321
Strabo 46, 376
Geographica 32–34
Straits of Magellan 138
Strangers on a Train (film) 316
Stringer, Peter 367
strip maps
of John Ogilby 177, 179–80, 179, 183, 298
of Matthew Paris 58, 59, 60–62, 61
stroke patients 421
Sturt, Charles 235
Suleiman the Magnificent 353
Sumeru mountain 65
Sun Microsystems 431
sundials 29
Super Mario 406
surveyors 50, 173, 174, 177, 182, 190–91, 192, 194, 195, 201, 238, 280
Swain’s Island 262–3
Swan, Robert 272
Swift, Jonathan 211
Swinfield, Richard 54
Sydney 234, 235
Syene (now Aswan, Egypt) 29
symbols
lack of standardisation 183
Ordnance Survey 194, 198, 198, 199
Syria, killings in (2012) 442
Syrtis Major, Mars 390
T-O (‘T within an O’) maps 49, 49
Tables géographiques reduites en un jeu de cartes, Les 400–401
Taino tribe 107
Taylor Glacier 273
tectonic plates 193, 260
Tehran Conference 349
Tele Atlas 380n, 383–4, 430, 434, 442
telescopes 182, 184, 385, 387, 388, 388, 390
Temixtitan 120
temporal lobe 421
Terkla, Dan 54
Terra Australis 137, 261, 263
Terra Incognita 72–3, 119
Terra Nova expedition (1910) 259, 269
Terra S Crucis (Land of the Holy Cross) 112
terrestrial magnetism 266
Terror (ship) 267
Thames River 67, 167, 168, 176, 225, 232
Thatcher, Margaret 51
theodolites 182, 184, 186, 192
Theroux, Paul 270–71
Third Crusade 70
Third Reich 418n
Thomas Cook bureaux 310
Thompson, Dugald (‘Ken Thomas’) 325, 326
Thompson, Jack 239
Thompson, Commander ‘Tommy’ 348
Thornton, Abraham 200–203
Thule island 28
Thury, César-François Cassini de 131
Tierra del Fuego 137, 138, 261, 262
Tiller, Canon John 45
‘time-dependent’ process 420
Times, The 45, 152, 254
Times Atlas, The 152–4, 153, 221
Tisdale, Elkanah 166
Tissot Indicatrix of Distortion 134
Titanic (film) 316
Tolkien, J. R. R. 247, 406
maps 243, 247
TomTom 318, 375–6, 380, 383, 434
Tooker, Arthur 170
Tooley, R. V. 37, 354
Top Trumps 400
Toscanelli, Paolo dal Pozzo 105–6
Tower of Babel 46
Tower of London 186
tractography 421
Transport for London 19
Transylvania 143
Trapezoidal projection 127
treasure maps 240–54
archive at Library of Congress 248
Dublin map in Ulysses 246–7
Knight’s Trinidad 240–42
Paine’s survey 242–3
Tolkien’s maps 243, 247
Treasure Island 243–6, 244
trees, mapping 430
triangulation 18, 186, 187, 187, 192, 193, 390
trilateration, advanced 374
Trinidad, south Atlantic 240–41, 242, 246, 251–4, 252, 255–6, 258, 267, 269
TripAdvisor 310
Tropics, and projections 127
Tunnels of Doom 409
Twitter Trendsmap 436–7
Ui-te-Rangiora 260
Ultima 409
United Nations (UN) 442
Security Council 343
United States
American Eagle 162–3, 162
and Antarctica 271, 272, 378n
and GPS 378n
Lottery Octopus 165
post-war re-invention of tourism 307 see also America
United States Geological Survey 392
Universal Penny Post 203
University College London (UCL) 411, 413, 417
University of California 367
University of Exeter 432
University of Kansas 367
University of Zaragoza 416n
urban planning 26
US Department of Defense 378
US Geological Survey 273
US Navy Transit system 379
USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) perceived menace of 133 see also Russia
Utrilla, Pilar 416n
V2 rockets 374
Valentino, Rudolf 321
Van de Krogt, Peter 149
Van den Keere, Pieter 168, 168
Venice 41, 48, 70, 75–76, 83–85, 84, 105, 143
Vespucci, Amerigo (Americus Vesputius) 112, 115–20, 115, 118, 425, 430
Vetter, Christoph 437
Victoria, Queen 223
Victoria Land 267, 272, 273
Victorian postcards 438
video games 395–400, 396, 399, 405–6, 408–9
Vietor, Alexander Orr 99, 354
Viking craft 392
Vikings, and the Vinland Map 87, 90, 91
Vincent de Beauvais:
Speculum Historiale 96, 97, 98
Vinland (Wineland) 88, 90, 91, 93
Vinland Map 87, 88, 90–102, 93, 97, 358
in the Beinecke Library 99, 102
described 92–3
examined by experts 94–5, 98–101
Ferrajoli’s involvement 90–91, 94, 95, 97
inscription on the back of the map 94
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Paul Mellon buys 98
possible forgery 101–2, 119n
questions concerning 87, 90
significance 91
Witten buys 94
Witten’s belief in its authenticity 91–92
Witten’s find 87
worm holes 93, 94, 96, 97
Virginia Springs 304n
Virtual Earth 435
Visscher, Claes Janszoon 161, 353
Vizcaino, Sebastian 124
Volgograd, Russia 78
Voronoi diagram 228
Waddington & Co 403, 404, 405n
Waldseemüller, Martin 113, 116, 141–42, 146
Waldseemüller map 104, 112–15, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119
Warden, Peter 432
Wasp (a schooner) 221
Watson, Lieutenant-Colonel David 184
Waugh, Colonel Andrew 193
Weber Costello 334
Weddell, James 265, 266
Weddell Sea 265, 266
Weismuller, Johnny 320
Wells, H. G. 389
Wendover, Roger 60
Wentworth, William 234–5
West Africa
Behaim’s Erdapfel globe 338
De Mosto’s inroads 83
West Wing, The 132
Westminster Abbey 209
Westrem, Scott D. 55
Wheeler, Sara 273
Where 2.0 conference 432, 435
White Nile 205, 207
Whitehead, Henry 229, 230, 232
Whitfield, Peter 67
WikiMapia 442
Wikipedia 122
Wilberforce, William 205
Wilhelm I, Kaiser 163
Williams, Kit 324–6, 325
Wills, William John 235–9, 236, 238
Wilson, Edward A. 255–6, 258–9, 270
Wilson, James 340
Winkel Triple Projection 134
Witten, Cora 94, 98
Witten, Laurence 87, 90–100, 97
Woad, Geoff 316
Wolfegg Castle, Baden-Württemberg, Germany 102, 119n
women, and map-reading 366–71
woodblocks/woodcuts 84, 84, 85, 103, 105, 112, 142, 261
Woolwich ‘Dust Hole’, London 277
Wren, Sir Christopher 176, 180
Wright, Edward 131
Xi’an, China 81
Yahoo Maps 435
Yale University 100, 354, 358, 359, 360, 362
Yale University Library 96, 98, 99
Yale University Press 99, 101
Yandruwandha tribe 238
yellow fever 231
Young Folks magazine 245
Yucatan, Mexico 120
Zaragoza Cathedral 98