The Orpheus Clock
Page 34
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Hondius, Dienke. Return: Holocaust Survivors and Dutch Anti-Semitism. Praeger, 2003.
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Kessler, Horst. Karl Haberstock: Umstrittener Kunsthändler und Mäzen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2008.
Landau, Wilhelm von. Travels in Asia, Australia and America. George Landau, 1888.
Lederer, Zdenek. Ghetto Theresienstadt. Edward Goldston, 1953.
Mosse, W. E. The German-Jewish Economic Elite. 1820–1935. Oxford, 1989.
Nicholas, Lynn. The Rape of Europa. Vintage Books, 1994.
Petropoulos, Jonathan. The Faustian Bargain. Oxford, 2000.
Polack, Emmanuelle, and Philippe Dagen. Les Carnets de Rose Valland. Fage Editions, 2011.
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Valland, Rose. Le Front de l’Art. Réunions des Musées Nationaux, 1997.
Ziegler, Dieter. Der Bankier Eugen Gutmann, 1840–1925. E. G. Gesellschaft, 2009.
PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS
INTERIOR
Pp. 3, 17, 18, 41, 45, 64, 65, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 113, 128, 143, 158, 163, 179, 199, 220, 254, 292, 298, 311, 314: Courtesy of the Goodman family
P. 91: Courtesy of Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg
P. 94: Courtesy of the Marion Gutmann family
P. 135: Courtesy of Ing. Radek Fiala, Prague
P. 169: Courtesy of Hans Krol, Heemstede
P. 221: Courtesy of the Goodman family with permission from Sotheby’s
P. 234: Courtesy of Roger Dohmen, Het Parool
P. 255: Courtesy of Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Fotoarchiv Hoffmann
P. 264: Courtesy of KMA, Schaezlerpalais, Augsburg
P. 272: Courtesy of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam
P. 287: Courtesy of Getty Images
INSERT
1: San Diego Museum of Art
2: National Gallery of Canada
3: J. Paul Getty Museum, Brentwood
4: Art Institute of Chicago
5: © 2010 Christie’s Images Limited
6: Denver Art Museum
7: © 2003 Christie’s Images Limited
8: © 2003 Christie’s Images Limited
9: Art Institute of Chicago
10: © 2003 Christie’s Images Limited
11: © 2003 Christie’s Images Limited
12: © 2013 Christie’s Images Limited
13: © 2012 Christie’s Images Limited
14: © 2010 Christie’s Images Limited
15: © 2011 Christie’s Images Limited
16: Courtesy of the Goodman family
17: Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart
18: Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart
19: Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Adenauer, Konrad, 100
A La Vieille Russie, New York, 300
Alfieri, Dino, 130–31, 134, 143
Algardi, Alessandro, A Flagellator of Christ, 127, 190
Altaussee, Austria, salt mine, artworks stored in, 183, 212, 233, 237, 280
Amanullah, King of Afghanistan, 93
Antonio, Biagio d’, 126, 288
The Siege of Veii, 84
Ardelia Hall Collection, 293
Arnhold family, 29, 50, 138
art:
appraisals of, 218–19, 268–69, 270–71
attributions of, 202
creating awareness of Holocaust-looted art, 231–32
“degenerate,” 122, 123–24, 206–7
due diligence in search for, 211, 223, 289
government protocols and regulations regarding, 16, 102, 107, 119, 167, 233, 235, 238, 239–40, 249, 256, 290, 303–4
gray market for, 211
and immortality, 317
inventories of collections, 256
Iris-print method for copies, 271
Nazi forced sales/acquisitions of, 15, 116–19, 122–28, 148, 168–71, 173–74, 180–84, 186–92, 218–19, 256, 257, 275–77
provenance of, 301
recovery of, 16, 201–19, 249
single-owner sale, 249
and statute of limitations, 232, 266
survival of, 285–86
titles of, 202
triumph over nature, 297
unregulated market for, 229
and Washington Principles, 232–33, 249, 290
Art Institute of Chicago, 204–5, 210, 217, 218, 219, 253
Aschbach, Bavaria, 277–79
Aschwin, Prince, 96
Asquith, H. H., 47
Association of Art Museum Directors (US), 219, 232
Aubusson tapestries, 75, 126
Augsburg, Bavaria, 263, 279, 306–7
Fuggerei in, 307–8
Aurednícková, Anna, 142
Auschwitz-Birkenau, 6, 121, 140, 147, 164, 172, 283
Louise’s death in, 156, 157, 166, 229, 235, 268, 269
Austria, “restitution committee” in, 233
Bachstitz, Kurt, 83, 117, 300
Bachstitz Gallery, The Hague, 299–300
Baeck, Leo, 141
Baldung Grien, Hans, Portrait of a Young Man, 85, 125, 194, 257, 272, 273–77, 280, 282–87, 289–91
Ballin, Albert, 29
Bamberg Museum, 278
Banca Commerciale Italiana, 128
Bankhaus Bernhard Gutmann, 20, 22, 23, 44
Bankhaus Jacob Landau, 48–49
Bankhaus Kaskel, 23
Banque J. Allard & Cie., 44, 46
Barbault, Jean, portrait by, 84, 187, 208
Bartolommeo, Fra, 87, 126, 192
Belgium, artworks looted in, 279
Benjamin, Walter, 50
Bentinck family, 79
Benz, Karl, 32
Berenson, Bernard, 185
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 164
Berl family, 240
Berlin:
after unification, 24
Gutmann family in, 55
Gutmann family tombs in, 72–73
New Synagogue in, 37
Berlin Wall, fall of, 197, 210
Bernhard, Prince (Netherlands), 82, 96, 105, 161
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, A Flagellator of Christ, 127, 190
Bernstein-Porges, Elsa, 139
Beuckelaer, Joachim, 240
Beyond the Fringe, 9–10
Bismarck, Otto von, 28, 49, 293, 303
Bismarck family, 24
Blans, Beatrice, 230
Bleichröder, Ellie von, 141
Bleichröder family, 23
Bloch, Egon, 174
Bloch, Ludwig, 174
B’nai B’rith, Klutznick National Jewish Museum, 232
Bode, Wilhelm von, 36
as adviser to Hitler and Göring, 122–23, 295
and author’s quest for family assets, 257, 293
and bogus transactions, 186, 209
and Bosbeek, 125–26, 168, 173, 235, 248, 296, 299, 307
and Fritz’s art acquisitions, 123
Lucerne gallery of, 301
Munich warehouse of, 148
and Orpheus Clock, 296, 299, 300, 301–2
and Reinhold Clock, 300, 302
and silver collection, 149, 183, 293, 294, 295–96, 298, 299, 302
Böhler family, 281, 301
Bordone, Paris, Venus and Amor, 123
Bormann, Martin, 5, 148, 260, 295
Bosbeek estate, 65
De Wit ceiling canvas in, 75, 168–70, 169, 243, 247
De Wit grisaille in, 74, 75, 169, 243
Eugen’s collection moved to, 73–75, 118
family refugees in, 107, 120
Fritz and Louise removed from, 132–34, 248
Fritz’s collection in, 85, 87, 88, 124–26, 173, 201
Gutmann family life in, 77–80, 78, 79
Gutmann family move to, 73–75, 118
Gutmann treasures removed from, 124–27, 168–71, 173, 191, 235, 248, 296, 299, 307
Nazi acquisition of title to, 127–28, 187–88, 189, 315
Nazi designs on art in, 117–18, 124–27, 131, 134, 136, 148, 183, 235, 275
and Nazi invasion/occupation, 113–14, 120–21, 131, 168–71, 173, 191
Nazi inventories of, 235, 248, 256, 296
postwar condition of, 168–74
postwar sale of, 189, 192
postwar visits to, 179, 242–43
socializing in, 79–84, 103, 246–47
Bosch, Hieronymus, 173, 305
Garden of Earthly Delights, 86
The Temptation of St. Anthony, 86–87
Bosi, Enrico, 308
Bosi, Franco, 105–6, 129, 145, 163
Bosi, Lorenzo, 242, 247
Boston Globe, 229–30
Botticelli, Sandro, Portrait of a Young Man in a Red Cap, 173, 194, 227–31, 236
Boucher, François, 87, 126
Pastoral Scene, 241–42
Brandt, Anni, 270
Brandt, Karl, 255, 259–62, 269
Braun, Eva, 259, 260
Breitenbach, Edgar, 302
British Expeditionary Force, 160
Brüning, Heinrich, 97
Buchenwald concentration camp, 164
Bugatti, Ettore, 77
Burgkmair, Hans, 125, 257
Camondo family, 46
Camp Ashcan, Luxembourg, 260
Campfens, Evelien, 238, 240
Carinhall, Göring’s estate at, 5, 85, 173, 206
Casa Pirota workshop, majolica bowl, 296
Cassirer, Paul, 222
Castel Durante, albarello jar, 289
Catharijneconvent Museum, Utrecht, 289
Catholic Congregation of the Sisters of Providence, 189
Cecilie, Crown Princess, 93
Cesare, Nicolò de, 144
Cézanne, Paul, 124, 212
Chamberlain, Neville, 107–8
Chinese porcelain, 126, 238, 243, 247, 268, 289, 290
Christie’s, 15, 226
art appraisals by, 218–19, 267, 268, 269, 312
auctions of Gutmann collection, 249, 250, 251–54, 271, 290, 291, 306
and Orpheus clocks, 299, 306, 312
restitution department in, 233
Ciano, Count Galeazzo, 129, 130, 144, 145
Cipriani, Harry, 4
Citroen, Ellen, 174
Commerzbank, 50, 304, 305, 309
Cosway, Richard, 34
Cramer, Gustav, 168
Cranach, Lucas the Elder, 85, 173, 180, 183
in Göring’s collection, 122
Melancholy, 84
Portrait of Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous, Elector of Saxony, 84–85
Samson and the Lion, 84, 125, 186, 192, 257
Venus, 83
Curie, Ève, 175
Cuyp, Aelbert, Chicken with Hens, 241, 247
Czernin, Count Manfred von, 162
Dalí, Salvador, Dream of Venus, 86–87
Degas, Edgar, 46, 124, 252
Femme se Chauffant or Woman Warming Herself, 88, 173, 194, 201, 208, 209, 274
Paysage or Landscape with Smokestacks, 88, 173, 194, 199, 201, 202–3, 204–6, 208–9, 212–13, 215–19, 219, 253, 274
De Gruyter’s Shipping Co., 188, 206
Delehanty, Suzanne, 274, 285–87, 289–91
Denver Art Museum, 231
Denzel, Georg, 302
Detroit Institute of Arts, 253
Deutsche Bank, 26, 51, 53
Deutsche-Orient Bank, 60, 93, 95
Deutsche Revisions und Treuhand AG, The Hague, 126
Deutsche Volkspartei, 28
Devéria, Henri-Victor, 247
Dienststelle Mühlmann (central art agency), 117, 123
Dietrich, Hermann, 97
Dietrich, Marlene, 71
Dietrich, Sepp, 101
Dinglinger, Johann, The Birthday of the Grand Mogul, 310
Disconto-Gesellschaft, 53
Doctors’ Trial, 261
Dosso Dossi, Giovanni, Small Portrait of a Young Man with a Red Jerkin, 85, 183, 194, 208
Drentwett, Abraham, globes by, 72
Dresden:
anti-Semitism in, 107
Bankhaus Bernhard Gutmann in, 20
Bernhard’s castle in, 21, 21, 37, 291, 309
“court Jews” in, 23
Grünes Gewölbe (Green Vault), 310
Gutmann family’s move to, 20
Jewish cemetery in, 73, 310
Jewish community in, 20–21, 22
Semper Opera House, 309
Dresdner Bank:
anniversary celebration of, 306, 308–10
Berlin headquarters of, 24–26, 25, 31
board of directors, 27, 44, 69, 98, 99
and Commerzbank, 304, 305, 309
The Dresdner Bank in the Third Reich, 309
Eugen as head of, 23–27, 65–66, 309
and Eugen-Gutmann-Gesellschaft, 304, 305, 306, 308–9
foreign interests of, 27, 47
Fritz as banker with, 44, 47, 52, 65, 66, 102–3
and Germany’s industrial power, 26, 29
Gutmann family associations with, 27, 44, 46, 65–66, 95, 103, 308–9
Gutmann family tree from, 304
and hyperinflation, 69
mergers and acquisitions of, 23, 24
Nazi takeover of, 98–99, 102–3, 126, 309, 310
opening of, 23
and Proehl & Gutmann, 67, 102–3
and World War I, 53, 62
Dreyfus affair, 88
Dubova, Joan, 153, 172
Dugot, Monica, 233
Dumont, François, 34
Durand-Ruel Gallery, New York, 222
Dürer, Albrecht, 35, 273
Dutch (free) Red Cross, 162, 163, 165, 171
Dutch Art Property Collection (NK), 238
Dutch Committee for Jewish Interests, 107
Dutch Embassy, Buenos Aires, 241
Dutch Embassy, Moscow, 242
Dutch Embassy, Stockholm, 241
Dutch Golden Age, 85
Dutch National Collection, 236, 256
Eichmann, Adolf, 138, 144, 149
Einstein, Albert, 26
Ekkart, Rudi, 238, 240
Ekkart Committee, 238–40
Elsner, Jakob, Portrait of a Man, 125, 183, 237, 241, 251, 257
Engel, Herbert, 282
Engel, Hugo, 276, 277, 282
England, war declared on Germany, 108
Ephrussi family, 46
Eppstein, Hedwig, 152
Eppstein, Paul, 150, 152
ERR (Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg), 180, 187, 206–8, 223, 225, 256, 282
Essen, Hans Henrik von, 40, 62, 129
Essen, Toinon Gutmann von, 40,
41, 129, 175
European Commission on Looted Art, 217
Ewigleben, Cornelia, 304, 305, 306, 312
Eyck, Jan van, Adoration of the Mystic Lamb (Ghent Altarpiece), 183
Fabergé eggs, 190
Fahy, Everett, 228
Faisal, King of Iraq, 93
Falke, Otto von, 36
Die Kunstammlung Eugen Gutmann, 294–95, 296, 297, 299, 313
Fankhauser, Hans, 209
Farber, Sheri, 249, 252, 306
Feigen, Richard, 218–19
Feliciano, Hector, 217
Ferencz, Benjamin, 280
Firma F. B. Gutmann, 103, 120–21, 188, 215, 248
Fischer, Theodor, 207, 212, 301
Fischer Gallery and Auction House, Lucerne, 207
Fogg Museum, Harvard University, 210, 211
Forbes-Robertson, Johnston, 47
Förster-Nietzsche, Elisabeth, 70, 71
Fortune Theater, London, 10
Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, 99
France:
artworks looted in, 124, 125, 181–82, 209, 279
collapse of, 125
Jewish refugees in, 108
Maginot Line of, 108, 274
“restitution” bureau of, 6, 180–81, 233, 249, 288, 315
war debt of, 280–81
war declared on Germany, 108
see also Paris
Frank, Anne, 107, 120, 239
Frank, Hans, 260
Frankenberg und Ludwigsdorf, Daisy von, 41–42, 52
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 52
Franz von Stuck Museum, Munich, 262, 268–69, 271
Frederick Augustus I, 23
Fremersdorf, Joseph, 299–301, 311
French Foreign Ministry, 288
French Impressionism, 88
French Resistance, 6, 181
French revolution, 19
Freud, Esther, 141
Freud, Sigmund, 141
Fribourg, Jules, 222
Fribourg, Lucienne, 222
Fribourg, Michel, 222
Fribourg Foundation Inc., 222
Frick, Wilhelm, 260
Friedländer, Max, 185, 280, 283, 284, 285
Friedman, Rebecca, 286
Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden, 40
Frye, William E., 294, 295
Fuad, King of Egypt, 93
Fugger, Jakob the Rich, 307
Furmanski, Philip, 290
Fürstenberg, Carl, 29
Fütterer, General Kuno-Heribert, 278
Gainsborough, Thomas, portrait of a young woman, 86, 173, 192
Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris, 222
Gann, Fred [Fredy Gutmann], 175
George VI, King of England, 6
Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, 313
Germany:
anti-Semitism in, 58–59, 61, 64, 69, 70–71, 79, 82, 91, 92, 95–102, 103, 104, 107
art collections in, 33–34, 181–82, 275
Banking Crisis in, 97
books burned in, 100, 310