Emperor of Japan

by Donald Keene

  11. Asukai Masamichi, Meiji taitei, p. 2.

  GLOSSARY

  bakufu Shogunate, the government headed by the shogun in Edo

  biwa Musical instrument resembling a mandolin

  bugaku Dances of continental origin performed mainly at shrines and at the court

  buke densō Liaison officers of the court who transmitted orders from the bakufu

  chō Distance of about 100 yards

  chokushi Envoy of the emperor

  chōteki Enemy of the court

  daijin Government minister

  daijō -e Highly important ritual, usually performed by the emperor in the winter following his coronation

  daimyo Landholding military lord

  dajō daijin Prime minister of state, the highest-ranking official in the government

  dajōkan Great Council of State, the supreme organ of government responsible to the emperor but abolished during the Meiji era

  fukasogi Ceremony for both boys and girls, performed when they were between the ages of three and five, during which their hair was trimmed

  gagaku Oldest surviving court music, orchestral and often performed with bugaku

  gembuku Coming-of-age ceremony for boys, performed when they were between the ages of twelve and fifteen

  genrō Elder statesman, usually someone who had served with distinction in the Restoration

  gijō Administrative office, filled by daimyos

  gisō Court spokesmen, usually three or four, who conveyed the commands of the emperor

  gon no tenji Concubine of the emperor

  Gosho Imperial palace in Kyoto, usually including the extensive area around the palace proper; used also for other palaces, such as the Aoyama Gosho

  gyokuza Emperor’s seat, usually higher by one tatami than the tatami-covered floor

  haihan chiken Abolition of the domains and establishment of the prefectures

  hōkoku “Repayment” due to one’s country as a loyal citizen

  hoshō Men in the highest posts of the bureaucracy

  jiho Officers appointed by the emperor to advise him and supplement his decisions, a position established in 1877 and abolished in 1879

  jijū Chamberlain

  jitsugaku “Practical learning” that can be applied to government service, as opposed to purely philosophical learning

  jōi Expulsion of foreigners, advocated by those who opposed opening the country

  junkō “Progresses” made by the emperor to different regions of the country

  kampaku Chancellor, the highest-ranking official in the government under the old system

  karō Senior retainer of a daimyo

  kemari “Kickball,” an elegant sport popular particularly with the nobility

  kinjū Personal attendant of the emperor

  kōbu gattai Union of the aristocracy and the military, the political creed of Emperor Kōmei

  koku Measure of rice, about five bushels; also used to calculate a samurai’s income

  kokutai National polity, often used to refer to the “emperor system”

  nengō Era name, which always changed twice at fixed times in the cycle of sixty years but could be changed at any time in response to momentous events

  nishikie Woodblock prints, especially those of the nineteenth century depicting contemporary scenes, known as “brocade pictures” because of their many colors

  nusa Flapper waved by Shinto priests to drive away evil influences

  nyōgo Court lady who ranked immediately below the empress

  onyōji Yin-yang diviners

  ōoku Private areas of the palace to which the emperor retired each day after completing his duties, as opposed to public areas, where he met people and studied documents

  ōsei fukkō Restoration of royal rule

  rōnin Masterless samurai, who no longer served a daimyo or another high-ranking person

  ryō Unit of weight, used in the past for gold and silver currency

  sa’in Legislative branch of the government, established in 1871

  sakoku Closure of the country, the system that prevailed from the early seventeenth century to the end of the Tokugawa period

  sangi Councillor, a position in the early Meiji government

  san’yo Counselor, an office established and abolished in 1869

  sei’in (shō in) Highest political organ, established in 1871 and abolished in 1877

  seii taishōgun “Great general and subduer of barbarians,” a title bestowed on the shogun by the emperor

  sensei Teacher, a title of respect used even of people who are not teachers

  settō Sword bestowed by the emperor on a commander when he set out to do battle

  shinnō Prince of the blood

  shizoku Samurai class

  shō Traditional musical instrument resembling a panpipe

  shōin Executive branch of the government, established in 1871 and headed by the emperor

  shoshidai Representative of the bakufu in Kyō to who oversaw all the activities in the palace, the city, and the surrounding area, a position established in 1600 and abolished in 1867

  shugo Constable, a high-ranking position, especially during the Muromachi period

  songō Honorific title, usually dajō tennō, given to the father of an emperor who had not reigned as emperor

  sonjō Shortened form of the compound term sonnō jōi

  sonnō Respect for the emperor, a loyalist slogan

  sōsai High-ranking supervisory post filled only by a member of the imperial family, a position established in January 1869 and abolished in May 1869

  sōshi Nationalist ruffian

  taewon’gun In Korea, the father of an emperor who had not reigned as emperor

  tairō Senior statesman who assisted the shogun

  taisei hōkan Return of political power by the shogun to the emperor

  tanka Classical verse form in thirty-one syllables

  tenchū Punishment of heaven, the word used to justify the assassination of men suspected of disloyalty

  tenji Court lady of relatively high rank, often promoted from gon no tenji

  Tenshi-sama Old-fashioned appellation for the emperor

  Tōkaidō Highway between Kyōto and Edo

  u-in Judicial branch of the government, established in 1871

  yatoi Foreign employee of the government during the Meiji period

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