A Short History of Nearly Everything: Special Illustrated Edition
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ILLUSTRATIONS
AIP = American Institute of Physics
BAL = Bridgeman Art Library/www.bridgeman.co.uk
NPG = National Portrait Gallery, London
NHMPL = Natural History Museum Picture Library, London
SPL = Science Picture Library, London
Title pages: Optical image of the Omega Nebula. Dr. Juerg Alean/SPL
Introduction
i.1 Section through the earth: illustration by Neil Gower. © Neil Gower
i.2 Saul Steinberg, Untitled, c. 1060. Ink on paper © The Saul Steinberg Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/DACS, London. Originally published in The New Yorker, September 24, 1060
PART ONE: LOST IN THE COSMOS
p1.1 The Milky Way: illustration by National Geographic Maps. © Natio
nal Geographic Image Collection
Chapter 1
1.1 Arno Allan Penzias (1033-, left) and Robert Woodrow Wilson (1036–) standing on a radio antenna at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, 1065. Physics Today Collection/AIP/SPL
1.2 Coloured temperature map of part of the sky showing variations in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR), made in 1066 using the Cosmic Anistrophy Telescope in Cambridge. Mullard Radio Astronomy Laboratory/SPL
1.3 Cartoon by Sidney Harris. © ScienceCartoonsPlus.com
1.4 Conceptual image of the Big Bang. Martin Bond/SPL
1.5 Optical image of the Eagle Nebula produced by CCD (charge-coupled device) at the Kitt Peak National Observatory, USA. National Optical Astronomy Observatories/SPL
1.6 Fantastic depiction of the solar system, woodcut from Camille Flammarion, Astronomie populaire, 1880. Private collection/BAL
Chapter 2
2.1 Percival Lowell (1855–1016) in the observer’s chair of the 61-centimetre (24-inch) refracting telescope, Flagstaff, Arizona. Lowell Observatory
2.2 Clyde Tombaugh (1006–07) at work at the Lowell Observatory. SPL
2.3 “Wonders of the Heavens” cigarette card. Mary Evans Picture Library 30–31.
2.4 Artist’s impression of Charon seen from Pluto. David A. Hardy, Futures: 50 Years in Space/SPL
2.5 Halley’s comet: woodcut from Hartmann Schedel, Liber chronicarum mundi (Nuremberg Chronicle), Nuremberg, 1403. Heritage Image Partnership
2.6 Launch of the Voyager 1 spacecraft, 5 September 1077. NASA/SPL 35.
2.7 Artwork of the solar system. Detlev van Ravenswaay/SPL
2.8 Comets, mid-nineteenth-century lithograph. Science Museum Pictorial.
2.9 “The Man From Mars” by Frank R. Paul in Fantastic Adventures, May 1030. Mary Evans Picture Library
Chapter 3
3.1 The sky at night. © Anglo-Australian Observatory/photo David Malin
3.2 Boy looking at the night sky through a telescope. © Robert Karpa/Masterfile:www.masterfile.com
3.3 Supernova 1087A two months before maximum brightness. © 1988–2002 Anglo-Australian Observatory/photo David Malin
3.4 Fritz Zwicky (1808–1074). Photo by Arnold Lund. Courtesy of the Archives, California Institute of Technology
3.5 Revd Bob Evans (1037-). Photo Timothy Ricketts
3.6 Cartoon by Sidney Harris. © ScienceCartoonsPlus.com
3.7 Anasazi petroglyph, Penasco Blanco, New Mexico. Frank Zullo/SPL
3.8 Hubble telescope image of the Crab Nebula, 31 May 2000. NASA/ESA/STScI/SPL
3.9 View of starfield. Pekka Parvainen/SPL
3.10 Sir Fred Hoyle (1015–2001). A. Barrington Brown/SPL
PART TWO: THE SIZE OF THE EARTH
p2.1 Newton by William Blake, colour print, 1705–1805. © Tate, London 2005
Chapter 4
4.1 Watercolour portrait of Charles Marie de La Condamine (1701–74) by Louis Carrogis Carmontelle, 1760. Musée Condée, Chantilly. Lauros/Giraudon/BAL
4.2a Halley’s diving bell from William Hooper, Rational Recreations, in which the Principles of Numbers and Natural Philosophy are … elucidated by a series of … experiments, 1787. WL
4.2b Portrait of Edmond Halley (1656–1742) attributed to Thomas Murray, c. 1687. The Royal Society of London
4.3 Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) by Sir James Thornhill, 1710. Trinity College, Cambridge/BAL
4.4 Illustration from Jean Theophilus Desaguliers, Mathematical Elements of Natural Philosophy confirm’d by Experiment, 1747. Ann Ronan Picture Library/Heritage Image Partnership
4.5 “The Soundness of Newton’s Laws,” illustration by William Heath Robinson from Illustrations. Private Collection/BAL
4.6 First page of the first chapter of César-François Cassini de Thury, La méridienne de Paris vérifiée par de nouvelles observations, 1744. Académie des Sciences, Paris/BAL
4.7 Illustration from Admiral Antonio de Ulloa, Voyage Historique dAmérique Méridionale, 1752.
4.8 Illustration from Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Almagestum Novum, astronomiam veterem novamque complectens …, 1651. British Library, London
4.9 The transit of Venus viewed from the Einstein Tower in Potsdam by scientist Knud Jahnke, 8 June 2004. Sven Kaestner/AP
4.10 Portrait of Nevil Maskelyne (1732–1811) by Louis van de Puyl, 1785. The Royal Society of London
4.11 Two pages from the journal of Charles Mason (1730–86) and Jeremiah Dixon (1733–70), 15 November 1763 to 11 September 1768. National Archives, Washington
4.12 Obverse and reverse of bronze medal of Charles Hutton (1737–1823) by Benjamin Wyon, 1821. NPG
4.13 Loch Rannoch, looking to Schiehallion. © copyright 2001 Still Digital
4.14 Portrait of Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) by W. Alexander in pen, ink and wash, ninetenth century. Private Collection/BAL
4.15 Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity turned into an eighteenth-century parlour game, contemporary print. Library Company of Philadelphia/BAL
4.16 Apparatus from “Three papers, containing experiments on factitious air.” by Henry Cavendish, Philosophical Transactions, 1766. Wellcome Library, London
Chapter 5
5.1 Portrait of James Hutton (1726–07), 1787, etching by John Kay. Oxford Scientific Archive/Heritage Image Partnership
5.2 The Deluge by John Martin, 1834. © Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection/BAL
5.3 Engraved portrait of John Playfair (1748–1810) by William Nicholson, 1810. NPG
5.4 Meeting of the Geological Society at Somerset Houseby Sir Henry Thomas de la Beche, President of the Society, 1830. Amongst those depicted are de la Beche, Charles Lyell and Roderick Murchison. © Geological Society/NHMPL
5.5 Anonymous portrait of Sir Charles Lyell (1707–1875). © Geological Society/NHMPL
5.6 Engraved portrait of William Buckland (1784–1856) by Thomas Sopwith, 1875. NPG
5.7 Cartoon from Punch, 4 December 1860. Heritage Image Partnership
5.8 “Fossil shells of the Eocene Tertiary Period” from Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth’s surface, vol. 3, 1832–3. © NHMPL
5.9 “Geology and Palaeontology,” c.1880. Oxford Science Archive/Heritage Image Partnership
5.10 Watercolour portrait of Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707–88), by Louis Carrogis Carmontelle, 1760. Musée Condée, Chantilly. Lauros/Giraudon/BAL
5.11 William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824–1007). Oxford Science Archive/Heritage Image Partnership
5.12 Advertisement for Kelvinator refrigerators, 1057. Courtesy of the Advertising Archives
Chapter 6
6.1 A selection of the journals of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, 1804–06. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia
6.2 Illustration of an animal experiment taken from the Comte de Buffon, Histoire Naturelle, 1740–88. Sheila Terry/SPL
6.3 Drawing of the Newburgh mastodon by Rembrandt Peale, 1801. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia
6.4 Engraved portrait of Baron Georges Léopold Cuvier (1760–1832) after Chollet, 1830. Jean-Loup Charmet/SPL
6.5 Portrait of Mary Anning (1700–1847) by J. Donne, 1847. © Geological Society/NHMPL
6.6a. Portrait of Gideon Mantell (1790–1852) by J. S. Masquerier. The Royal Society of London
6.6b Anonymous portrait of Mary Ann Mantell from Sidney Spokes, Gideon Mantell, 1927. © NHMPL
6.7a, 6.7b Illustrations from Gideon Mantell, Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex …, 1827
6.8 A double-tailed lizard, captured by John Hunter (1728–93) on Belle-Ile. Reproduced by kind permission of the President and Council of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
6.9 Photograph of Sir Richard Owen (1804–92). © NHMPL
6.10 Photograph of Edward Drinker Cope (1840–97) from The Century, vol. 55, issue 1, November 1897. Getty Images
6.11 Photograph of Othniel Charles Marsh
(1831–99). © CORDIS
6.12 Casts of dinosaur tracks. © Louie Psihoyos/CORBIS 120–21. Dinosaur gasoline station, Winterhaven, Florida. © Dennis Stock/Magnum Photos
Chapter 7
7.1 Chemical Lectures, etching by Thomas Rowlandson, 1810. Science Museum Pictorial
7.2 Hennig Brand (c.1630–1710), nineteenth-century etching by Emile Ulm. WL
7.3 Portrait of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–94) and his wife Marie Anne Paulze (1758–1836) by Jacques Louis David, 1788. The Art Archive/Metropolitan Museum of Art/Joseph Martin
7.4 Dr. and Mrs. Syntax, with a party of friends, experimenting with laughing gas, coloured aquatint by Thomas Rowlandson. Wellcome Library, London
7.5 Anonymous portrait of Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753–1814). SPL