Germany's Black Holocaust: 1890-1945
Page 22
Pittsburgh Courier 198, 232
Ploemnitz (Leau) 253
Polish 104, 251, 252
Polk, P. H. 76
Pool, James and Suzanne ..174
Pope 118
Portuguese 4, 5
Presidential Unit Citation for Extraordinary Heroism .255
Prima (Doctor) 252
Project Paperclip 128, 129
propaganda.. 37, 38, 43, 44, 65, 69, 109, 128, 129, 151, 161, 219, 238, 239, 244, 246, 247
prophet 30, 32, 231
Pross, Christian 106, 256
Prussia 166
pseudoscientific (-science, -scientists) 128, 145, 234, 240, 242, 246
Psychiatric Genocide Research Institute 18, 130
Q
Quakertown Renewl Centers 184
R
race riots 87
racial holy war 214
racism ..7, 24, 25, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 111, 114, 130, 139, 140, 141, 154, 155, 156, 221, 229, 241, 242, 245, 250
racist 29, 41, 44, 51, 90, 123, 127, 128, 129, 133, 138, 139, 141, 142, 146, 152, 155, 156, 179, 204, 206, 234, 239, 241, 247
Randolph, A. Philip ...108, 109
Raschke, Carl A. 169
Raubal, Angela 60
Redtail Angels (see "Tuskegee Airmen") ...72, 80
Reed-Anderson, Paulette ...28, 155, 157
Rehoboth 123, 249
Rehobothers 235
Reich's Colonial Association 238
Reichstag 29, 69, 235, 236, 244, 248
Reiprich, Doris 57
Reiser, Ricky 156
reparations. 172, 173, 174, 175, 247
revolution 8
Reynaud, Michel 160
Rhineland 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 59, 69, 122, 123, 125, 128, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 147, 148, 153, 164, 218, 239, 244, 247, 248, 260
Rhinelander(s) 40, 125
Riefenstahl, Leni 60
Rigg, Bryan Mark 213
Ring
magazine 35
Roaring 20s 35
Rockwell, George Lincoln.... 195, 196, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208
Rodenwald, Ernst 249, 256
Roehm (Rohm), Ernst 65
Romani (also see "Gypsies") 173
Rommel, Erwin 52
Romney, Lionel 58
Roosevelt, Eleanor 76, 98
Roosevelt, Franklin D. ..63, 75, 196
Rottleberode 115, 251
Rubin, Irv... 222, 224, 226, 227, 228, 233
Ruhl, Wilhelm 55, 253
Russell, Charles Taze 196
Russians 116
Rutherford, Joseph Franklin 162, 196
S
Sachsenhausen (concentration camp) 53, 58, 167, 170, 249
Salisbury High School 184
Salisbury Township ...182, 187
Salzburg, Austria 252
San Diego, CA 226
San Francisco State University 225
Satanists 169
Schicklgruber, Anna 60
Schmeling, Max 33, 34, 35
Schmiljan (Doctor) 250
Scholz, Fritz 254
Schutztruppen 29
Second Great War 104
Secret Agenda 129
segregate 46
segregated 46, 47, 52, 88, 90, 191, 251, 255, 264, 265
segregation 47, 96, 97, 202
Senegal 40, 43
settlers.. 6, 13, 29, 236, 238, 243
Sewickley, PA 96
Sex, Race and Science ...130, 158
Seymour, IN 89, 93
Shark Island 19, 20, 22, 23, 234
Shewa, Moise 47, 69, 70, 159
Showing Our Colors 57
Sieg Heil 179, 186
Simmons, Emmett 165, 191, 262, 264, 265
Simon Wiesenthal Center .176, 190, 219, 220, 221, 225, 226
Simpson, Christopher 127
Skeleton Coast 4
skinhead(s) .167, 178, 179, 186, 190, 211, 227, 228
Sklar, Dusty 167
slave trade 2
slaveholders 169
slavery 3, 171, 172, 235, 236
Snow, Valaida 112, 248, 249, 254
Social Democrats 234
Social-Darwinism 126, 244, 247
soizneger ("salt nigger") 209, 262
Soldiers of Color 36, 41, 42, 54, 56, 58, 87, 239
Sopron, Hungary 250
Soviet Union 72
Spielberg, Steven 117
SS. 29, 30, 46, 47, 53, 54, 55, 56, 110, 117, 128, 167, 248, 249, 252, 253, 254, 255, 260
Stahl, Abraham ...104, 118, 254
Stalag 13 57
Stalin 194
Stannard, David E. 218
Star of David 29
Stargard, Germany 52, 249
Steenbeke, Rene 116
Steinberg, Robert 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187
sterilisation 146
sterilised 123, 146
sterilization 123, 128, 132, 145, 244, 246, 259
Stratton, OH 160, 161
Stuttgart (Germany) 162
Suitland, MD... .54, 70, 71, 257, 258
Superior Genetic Health Court 246
Surinam (Dutch Guiana) ...249
Sutton, Percy 94
swastika 65, 127, 158, 183, 186, 189
Swiss 171, 172, 241
T
Tanzania (also, "Tanganyika") 5, 58
terrorism 100, 105, 219, 227
Terry, Roger "Bill" 87, 91
Texas 200, 201
Theocracy 168
Theory of the Blending of the Races, The 134
Third Reich 35, 79, 157, 166, 169, 235, 240
Three Ink Boys, The 140
Thurber, James 113
Thuringischen Sanatorium 248
Tiger Shark(s) (tanks) 263
Togo 5, 14, 234, 243, 249
Toronto 69, 219
totalitarian 238, 239
Toughlove International ...179
Tours, France 252
Trading With the Enemy 172
Treaty of Versailles 40, 238, 239, 247
Truman, Harry 88
Tunisia 39
Turner, Nat 105, 169, 170
Tuskegee .47, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 130, 158, 267
Tuskegee Airmen 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96
Tuskegee Airwomen 84
Tuskegee Experiment 128
U
U.S. Army 104, 247, 251, 253, 254, 265,
U.S. Army Intelligence 247
U.S. Army Signal Corps ...118, 255
U.S. Marine Corps 114
Uncle Tom's Cabin 85, 87, 88
UNESCO 219, 254
Unholy Alliance 167
United Nations 23, 55, 219, 252
United Nations War Crimes Commission 55, 254
United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) 195
United States ..1, 5, 6, 16, 26, 46, 47, 52, 57, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 78, 87, 88, 89, 94, 103, 104, 105, 109, 117, 119, 120, 128, 129, 130, 133, 135, 136, 142, 143, 154, 158, 161, 162, 166, 176, 177, 179, 180, 197, 204, 206, 215, 228, 229, 234, 243, 246, 251, 256,257, 259, 260, 264, 268
United States Supreme Court 160
University of Cologne, Institute of African Studies 257
University of Denver 167
V
Value of a Human Being: Medicine in Germany 1918-1945 104
Van Nuys, CA 95
Vatican 116
Verner, Phillips 144, 159
Verner, Samuel P. 142
Vesey, Denmark 107
Vetter, Otto 55, 253
Virginia 135
Volkssturm 255
von Braun, Wernher ..115, 117
von Deimling, Berthold 234
von Epp, Franz Ritter 238
von Hindenburg Reichpraesident 238
von Lindquist, Friedrich... 235
von Schirach, Baldur 65
von Trotha 238, 243
Voste, Jean (Johnny) 58, 253
W
Wachter, Maria 111
Walken, Christopher 118
Wandres, Albert 172
Wannsee Memorial Center 146
War Crime(s) 54, 55, 70, 71, 106, 107, 120, 173, 252, 254, 256, 257
War Department 76, 77, 90, 106, 118, 120, 257
Washington, Booker T. 75
Washington, D.C. 76, 177
Watch Tower Society 176
Watchtower, The 177
Watchtower (Watch Tower) Society Pennsylvania and New York 193, 194, 196
Wave (newspaper) 161, 193
Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 126, 233
Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary 124, 135, 145
Wehrmacht 254
Weimar Republic 237
Weinboella, Germany ..55, 253
Wereth, Belgium. 55, 178, 179, 252
White American societies .198
White, Mindy 72, 98, 99
White Order of Thule 213, 214
White supremacist ....169, 180, 191, 195, 196, 198, 199, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 213, 214, 230, 238
White supremacists 31, 135, 190, 191, 196, 202, 206, 208, 213, 222, 226, 230, 231, 247
White supremacy 192, 193, 199, 207, 209, 219, 246
Who Financed Hitler? 174
Wicked Words: Poisoned Minds--Racism in the Dictionary 124, 135, 136, 141, 145, 158
Wilhelm Kaiser (Institute of Anthropology) 23, 248
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 35, 218
Williams, John A. 29
William, Johnny 30
Winberg, George 265
Windhoek 1, 8, 16, 234, 243
Witboois 1, 16, 234
Wittig, Karl R. 166
Wolsley, Garnet 216
woolly-headed (woolly-haired) 145, 146
World Book Encyclopedia 6, 8, 14, 26, 60, 127, 158, 215, 233
World War I... 6, 29, 35, 39, 40, 43, 53, 58, 69, 70, 123, 134, 138, 146, 148, 153, 175, 216, 217, 246, 247, 248, 266
World War II 25, 27, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 40, 43, 44, 45, 52, 55, 57, 58, 73, 74, 75, 80, 81, 88, 89, 97, 103, 107, 108, 122, 129, 136, 153, 157, 174, 179, 206, 209, 212, 216, 217, 250, 263, 264, 267
Wyoming Valley Hospital ??
Y
Yad Vashem i
Young, Coleman 96
Z
Zienau, Germany 115, 251
zoo 30, 142
Zuk-Skarszewski, Ludwik 251
Zulu Kaffir(s) 68, 104
* * *
[*] “U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum,” is also designated, “United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,” or, “USHMM,” throughout this book.
[†] According to Lucian Kim in a Special to The Christian Science Monitor in its Thursday, February 4, 1999, issue, “Germans first established commercial relations on Africa’s Gold Coast in the 17th century and for a short time were involved in the slave trade.”
[‡] See also Appendix A for the story from a different perspective, and to gather more details regarding the events surrounding the German “expansion” into Africa, including the history subsequent to it.
[§] As will be discussed further, there were a number of Black people in Germany. Most of these came from these African countries. They became part of the “African Diaspora in the Fatherland.”
[**] On the surface, it may appear that the African “tribes” pitted the European nations against each other, and vice versa, as mentioned on page 4. It should be noted, however, that the Africans apparently used this strategy as a defense tactic. After all, the Europeans were seen as invaders on African soil. To help appreciate the point being made, consider for a moment, dear reader, how the Europeans would likely have reacted if African “tribes” invaded Europe and brutally colonized England, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, and other European countries. Even the thought of such an event is no doubt too painful for some to contemplate entertaining.
[††] Apparently the Herero revolted in 1904, with some factions surrendering the very same year. Others of the Herero, Damara, and Nama were not initially willing to surrender. Another possible scenario is that the Africans were initially fighting for their land and the opportunity to make a living, but ended up fighting for their lives, because it became strikingly apparent that the Germans were out to annihilate them.
[‡‡] The first two references from this Wikipedia article are from Benjamin Madley. Herewith are both reference quotes: “‘From Africa to Auschwitz: How German South West Africa Incubated Ideas and Methods Adopted and Developed by the Nazis in Eastern Europe’, European History Quarterly 2005 35: 429: ‘Operational from 1905 to 1907, Haifischinsel, or Shark Island, was the twentieth century’s first death camp. Though referred to as a Konzentrationslager in Reichstag debates, it functioned as an extermination center.’ ... “op cit., p. 446: ‘Colonial Namibia’s death camp at Shark Island was different from Spanish and British concentration camps in that it was operated for the purpose of destroying human life. Thus, it served as a rough model for later Nazi Vernichtungslager, or annihilation camps, like Treblinka and Auschwitz, whose primary purpose was murder.’” (Emphasis supplied.)
[§§] “Historians are just beginning to examine the Nazi files on Blacks. Much of the information has yet to be obtained and made available to the public. To date, the few existent publications are available only in German.”—The Other Victims, by Ina R. Friedman.
[***] In his book, Clifford’s Blues (1999), Black novelist John A. Williams “presents the [fictional] story of a black, gay jazz musician imprisoned in Dachau who manages to survive by working as the band leader of a group of prisoners who play at a nearby club for SS officers.”—Back cover.
[†††] This analogy is apropos as is illustrated in Chapter Five under the subheading, “Like Germany, Like America—Again?”
[‡‡‡] See Chapter Seven under the subheading, “Jews Who Became Nazis.”
[§§§] “After World War I, Allied troops occupied the Rhineland. The French sent in units from Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, the Cameroons, and Senegal. They were either black or Arab. The presence of these dark-skinned soldiers was bitterly resented by the Germans.”—The Other Victims: First-Person Stories of Non-Jews Persecuted by the Nazis, by Ina R. Friedman.
[****] The subheading, “The Hated Jews—and French—For Their Respective Role in the Rhineland,” in Chapter Five goes into more detail regarding Hitler’s disdain for the French.
[††††] Over the eight years since the publishing of the present work, the author has received unconfirmed reports through informal conversations with attendees at various book signings across the U.S. that seems to indicate that the Nazis were rather intimidated by the Afro-French soldiers, who wanted very badly to fight Hitler’s SS, but were prevented from doing so by their White French officers, who Hitler himself had appealed to. Just as Hitler feared for Max Schmeling when he fought Joe Louis, he likewise feared for his SS against France’s Black Africans soldiers.
[‡‡‡‡] Please see Appendix E for more fascinating details of the encounter between active African American soldiers from WWII, and veteran African German soldiers from WWI.
[§§§§] Please see subheading, “Witness Omission” in Chapter Six regarding a monument dedicated to African American soldiers who were victimized by the Nazis.
[*****] Not his real name.
[†††††] Interestingly, Nazi Germany’s version of Hollywood involved African American World War II soldiers in such a way as to evoke mixed feelings. Doris Reiprich, a biracial woman who lived during the time of Nazi Party dominance, was interviewed in the book, Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out (1986). She says: “One time about two hundred to two hundred and fifty Black prisoners of war were brought in because they needed extras for a film. Black POWs from the United States besides. Those poor fellows were glad to be with us, since they got to eat and play football and were treated well. We also put money together to buy things for them.”—Page 70.
[‡‡‡‡‡] The USHMM says that “Europea
n and American blacks were also interned in the Nazi concentration camp system. Lionel Romney, a sailor in the U.S. Merchant Marine, was imprisoned in the Mauthausen concentration camp…. Jean Voste, an African Belgian, was incarcerated in the Dachau concentration camp. Bayume Mohamed Hussein from Tanganyika (today Tanzania) died in the Sachsenhausen camp, near Berlin.”
[§§§§§] Recall that earlier in this chapter something similar was said of Afro French soldiers. They were identified as exhibiting “courteous” behavior toward the German people and were “popular” because of it. It was just after World War I.
[******] Interestingly, in his book The Hidden Hitler, author Lothar Machtan accuses Hitler of being a “frustrated” homosexual. The book highlights Hitler’s close relationship with homosexual Ernst Roehm (also spelled “Rohm”). Eventually Hitler would order the deaths of Ernst Roehm and a certain Rudolph Hess for gay activities. It has also been asserted that as Hitler “began his ascent to power in the early 1930s, he first endorsed a laissez-faire attitude toward homosexuality.” (www.q.co.za) (See also the work, The Annotated Pink Swastika, www.glinn.com/pink). Even cable television powerhouse Home Box Office (HBO) aired a special exploring what it called “Hitler’s homosexuality.”
[††††††] See subheading, “The Nazis and the Boy Scouts of America?” in Chapter Seven regarding the reasons behind the uncanny similarities between the Boys Scouts of America and the Hitler Youth.
[‡‡‡‡‡‡] Hitler was not alone in his fear of Black Africans overrunning his country. Simone Arnold Liebster, who endured Nazi suppression as a child and teenager, writes in her book, Facing the Lion: Memoirs of a Young Girl in Nazi Europe (2000): “We all trembled at the prospect of being overrun by ‘Africans,’ and ‘subhumans’ of all sorts.”—Page 326.
[§§§§§§] The present author was at the prescreening of The Tuskegee Airmen (1995) starring Lawrence Fishburne in Pasadena, California, where several Tuskegee Airmen attended. One of them was honored on the occasion. After being invited to the stage to receive his due, the elderly gentlemen looked out at his wife in the jam-packed audience and made the bold resolution: “Honey, after all of this, I’m not taking out the trash anymore.” Fishburne, who attended and spoke at the event, was exceptional in his heartfelt presentation. Also starring in the HBO movie were Cuba Gooding, Jr., Mekhi Phifer, Allen Payne, Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Courtney B. Vance, and Andre Braugher.
[*******] In a theatrical presentation the feature film Red Tails (2012), George Lucas revisits the fame of the Tuskegee Airmen. It has been reported that Lucas culled much of his information from the present work. Cuba Gooding, Jr. also stars in Red Tails, along with Terrence Howard.