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These Truths Page 114

by Jill Lepore


  Brooks, Preston, 266–67

  Brown, H. Rap, 627

  Brown, John, 279–80, 280, 281, 282–85, 288

  Brown, Linda, 577

  Brown, Michael, 767

  Brown, Oliver L., 577

  Brown, Pat, 626

  Brown v. Board of Education, 382, 577–82, 586, 588, 614, 663, 677, 678

  Bryan, William Jennings, 345–46, 430, 563, 570, 693

  desire to stay out of World War I, 393

  in election of 1896, 350–52, 351, 366, 374–75

  fundamentalism and, 354, 391, 418

  imperialism protested by, 366, 368

  income tax supported by, 347–48, 376

  made secretary of state, 387–88

  Rockefeller boycotted by, 373

  in Scopes trial, 414–19

  in Spanish-American War, 367

  Bryant, Anita, 661

  Buchanan, James, 290

  and election of 1848, 253

  in election of 1856, 267–68

  Buchanan, Pat, 654, 685, 691, 740

  Buchanan v. Warley, 369

  Buchenwald, 511, 512, 513

  Buckley, William F., 554–55, 670

  buffalo, 333–34

  “Building of the Ship, The” (Longfellow), 259–60, 271, 480

  Bulgaria, 426

  Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 539, 587

  Bunyan, John, 192

  Burdick, Eugene, 598–99, 603

  Bureau of Efficiency, 363

  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 317, 319–20

  Bureaus of Intelligence, 402

  Burger, Warren, 679

  Burgoyne, John, 101

  Burke, Edmund, 110, 555, 735

  Burnham, James, 504

  Burr, Aaron, 163

  in election of 1800, 164

  Bush, George H. W., 740

  and abortion, 665–66

  and contraception, 650

  and judiciary, 678

  and presidential election (1988), 706

  and presidential election (1992), 691, 706

  and talk radio, 704

  Bush, George W., 739, 741, 743

  and judiciary, 678

  9/11 attacks and, 721, 722

  and presidential election (2000), 716–17

  war on terror and, 738–40, 744–45

  Bush, Jeb, 716, 772

  Bush, Vannevar, 524, 525

  business machines, 558–59

  busing, 663

  Butler, Andrew, 266

  Butler, William, 254

  Byrne, Ethel, 394

  Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 194

  cable television, 666, 679, 705, 707–8, 710–11

  and presidential election (2000), 716

  Cabot, John, 25

  Caesar (slave), 3, 64, 83, 131

  Cahokia, 8

  Calhoun, John C., 224, 238

  annexation of Cuba desired by, 242

  annexation of Texas desired by, 236

  in election of 1824, 182

  and Indian removal policies, 214, 217

  as John Quincy Adams’s pallbearer, 251

  on necessity of slavery, 218, 255

  nullification pushed by, 217–18, 239

  opposed to granting citizenship to Mexico, 244, 245

  Calhoun, Patrick, 233

  California, 243, 250, 260, 450–51, 494, 532–34, 533, 535, 546, 549, 561

  Chinese immigrants in, 324, 325

  irrigated land in, 409

  universal health care in, 379–80

  women’s voting rights in, 386

  California Medical Association, 533–37, 546

  California State of the State Address (1945), 533

  California Street (San Francisco), 406

  Callender, James, 162, 174–75

  Cambridge Analytica, 728, 780

  campaign biographies, Jackson’s introduction of, 181–82

  campaign financing, 562

  Campaigns, Inc., 448, 449–50, 532–34, 533, 546–48, 560, 572, 625, 633–34, 636, 648

  Campus Crusade for Christ, 664

  Canada, 69

  Loyalists in, 104, 107

  canals, 195, 221

  Cantril, Hadley, 460

  Cape Cod, Mass., 39

  capital gains tax, 405

  capitalism, 230, 315, 331, 332, 335–36, 343, 427, 535, 555

  idea of progress and, 156

  Capitalism and Freedom (Friedman), 670

  Capitol News Bureau, 449

  Caribbean, 108

  American Revolution and, 101–2, 103

  black mortality rate in, 102

  British colonies in, 34

  British troops in, 84, 87–88

  colonists’ boycott of goods from, 85

  Continental Congress’s ban on trade with, 91

  mortality rates in, 67

  slave rebellions in, 56, 57–58, 63, 84, 99

  slavery in, 46, 64, 142

  Stamp Act in, 84

  sugar plantations in, 45, 46, 47, 82, 102, 142

  Carlyle, Thomas, 198, 203

  Carmichael, Stokely, 621, 625–27, 629, 630, 651

  Carnegie, Andrew, 336, 368

  Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 540

  Carolina colony, Locke as secretary of, 52

  Carolina Gazette, 160–61

  Carson, Rachel, 680

  Carter, Harlon Bronson, 675–76

  Carter, Jimmy:

  and arms control, 680

  and Iranian hostage crisis, 680

  and 1970s economic malaise, 656–57

  and presidential election (1976), 659, 705

  and presidential election (1980), 668, 696

  and tax policy, 669

  Carter, Rosalynn, 660

  Cass, Lewis, 250, 253, 253

  Castille, Philando, 767–68

  Castro, Fidel, 604

  Catholic Church, and abortion, 650, 653–54, 664

  Catholicism, 26

  Catholics, 50, 263, 410

  immigrants, 208–9

  Muslim wars with, 36

  in riots, 209

  rumors of plots by, 208–9

  Cato’s Letters (Trenchard and Gordon), 60, 61, 63

  Catt, Carrie Chapman, 431

  caucuses, opposition to, 182

  “Causes and Proposed Remedies of Poverty, The,” 366

  Cayton, Horace, 502

  CBS, 422, 467, 469–71, 491, 511, 557–59, 563–65, 564, 566

  censure, 568

  census, 125, 168

  of 1790, 157

  Census Bureau, U.S., 355, 558

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 538, 574

  and Cold War, 639

  Challenge to Liberty, The (Hoover), 506

  Chamberlain, Neville, 467, 468

  Chambers, Julius, 349

  Chambers, Whittaker, 509, 540–41, 548–49, 555, 572

  Changing Sources of Power (Dutton), 696

  Chardon High School, 763

  charitable aid societies, 207

  Charles I, king of England, 44, 48

  divine right of kings claimed by, 43

  execution of, 49

  Charles II, king of England, 50–51, 51

  Charleston, S.C., 86, 102, 104, 105, 203, 204, 287

  AME church in, 202, 203 Charleston Courier, 240

  Charter of Liberties, English, 40–41

  Chase, Salmon, 256–57

  Emancipation Proclamation amended by, 298

  Chase, Samuel, 115

  Chavez, Cesar, 675

  Cheever, John, 441

  Cheney, Dick, 745

  Chennault, Anna, 632

  Cherokee Nation, 213–16, 218

  Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 215

  Cherokees, 212–13, 213, 214–16, 337

  Chicago, Ill., 287, 333, 334, 371

  transcontinental railroad through, 262

  Chicago, University of, 354, 763

  Chicago Gospel Tabernacle, 460

  Chicago Record
-Herald, 453

  Chicago Tribune, 349, 488, 542, 563

  Chicago World’s Fair, 353–57

  Chicano movement, 634, 634, 635, 660, 675

  Chickasaw Bayou, 297

  Chickasaws, 181, 212–13

  child labor, 388

  Children in Bondage (Creel), 395

  Chile, 260

  China, 260, 482, 539, 560

  and creation of United Nations, 492

  in United Nations, 503

  U.S. food sent to, 486

  China, ancient, 11, 12

  Chinese, 399

  Chinese Americans, 326–27

  Chinese Exclusion Act, 325, 336, 359, 407, 409

  Chinese immigrants, 281, 324–25, 325, 326–27, 342, 409

  Knights of Labor’s opposition to, 336

  Chisholm, Shirley, 652

  Chocktaws, 181, 212–13

  Chomsky, Noam, 635

  Christensen, Clayton M., 736

  Christian Coalition, 685, 712

  Christianity, 190–91, 568–69, 584

  Christy, David, 281–82

  Chrysler, Walter, 383

  Churchill, Winston, 468, 477, 478, 479, 480–81, 508, 536

  Atlantic Charter negotiated by, 483

  and creation of United Nations, 491–92

  Hitler’s underestimation of, 485

  Lend-Lease praised by, 481

  and Pearl Harbor attack, 484

  at Tehran Conference, 502–3

  at Yalta Conference, 508–10, 509

  church membership, 200

  Church of England, 43

  dissenters from, 38

  Cincinnati Enquirer, 453

  Cincinnati Gazette, 267

  Citizen Kane (film), 449

  citizenship, 311–16, 528, 575

  of black people, 314, 317, 321–22

  defined by Civil Rights Act, 319

  defined by Fourteenth Amendment, 321–22

  Douglass on, 327

  of women, 314, 315, 321–22

  Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 760, 763

  Civilian Conservation Corps, 504

  Civil Rights Act (1866), 319–20

  Civil Rights Act (1957), 585–86

  Civil Rights Act (1964), 322, 612–13

  Civil Rights Commission, U.S., 586

  civil rights movement, 530–32, 541, 573, 575–88, 595–97

  and Black Power movement, 627

  Civil Rights Act (1964), 612–13

  FBI surveillance, 626

  Freedom Riders, 604–6

  and George Wallace, 608, 613–14

  Greensboro sit-in (1960), 595–96, 595

  and Johnson administration, 611, 612–13, 614, 622

  and Kennedy administration, 608–9

  King arrest (1960), 600–601

  and Malcolm X, 606–7, 613, 621–22

  March on Washington (1963), 609–10, 613

  and political polarization, 637

  and presidential election (1960), 599, 600–601

  and presidential election (1964), 613–14

  Selma march (1965), 621–22

  voter registration, 620–21

  and White Power movement, 673–74

  Civil War, U.S.:

  black men in, 300

  casualties of, 272, 293–94, 294, 390

  draft riots in, 300

  emancipation in, 296–97

  federal government expanded by, 301, 316–17, 337–38

  Lincoln’s claims to war powers in, 487

  photography from, 272, 274, 294, 294, 295

  slavery as cause of, 296, 389

  start of, 292, 293

  Clark, Ramsey, 633

  Clark, Tom C., 579

  Clark, Victor S., 409

  Clarke, George, 63

  “classical liberalism,” 555

  Clay, Henry, 176, 178, 179, 184, 253

  American Colonization Society founded by, 204

  annexation of Texas opposed by, 236, 238

  Compromise of 1850 of, 260–61

  in election of 1824, 182

  in election of 1832, 219, 220

  in election of 1844, 237–38

  in election of 1848, 254

  Clean Air Act, 681

  Clean Water Act, 681

  Cleveland, Ohio, 371

  climate change:

  and conservatism, 690

  and science, 680–81, 682–83

  Clinton, Bill, 732, 741

  background of, 696–97

  and criminal justice policy, 699–700

  and Democratic Party, 696

  economic policy, 699, 700

  ethics investigations, 697–98, 709–13, 714, 718

  and health care, 698–99

  marriage of, 692–93

  and media, 707, 708

  and presidential election (1992), 648, 693, 697, 698, 706

  and social issues, 648

  and welfare, 700

  and women’s rights, 691–92

  Clinton, Henry, 102

  Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 601, 725, 728, 753, 754–55, 765, 767

  background of, 692–93

  and ethics investigations, 710

  and health care, 698, 699

  and presidential election (1992), 693

  and presidential election (2016), 692

  right-wing attacks on, 709

  and women’s rights, 691–92

  Closing of the American Mind, The (Bloom), 703

  CNN, 707, 716–17, 719, 721

  Coast Guard, 363

  Cobb, Thomas R. R., 292

  code breaking, 523

  Coercive Acts (1774), 89, 89, 90, 91

  Cohn, Roy, 567

  Coit v. Green, 662–63

  Coke, Edward, 34–35

  divine right of kings challenged by, 40, 41, 43

  Colbert, Stephen, 744

  Cold War, 525, 535–38, 553, 568, 570, 573, 578, 581, 584, 586–87

  and academia, 635

  Bay of Pigs, 604

  Cuban Missile Crisis, 604

  end of, 683–84, 690, 690

  and Kennedy administration, 602

  and knowledge workers, 693–94

  and Nixon-Khrushchev meeting (1959), 589–91

  and political polarization, 639

  and Reagan, 627

  and school desegregation, 663

  and women’s rights, 658

  Colfax, Schuyler, 301

  collectivism, 555

  Collingwood, Charles, 563–64

  colonialism, and Vietnam War, 602, 603

  Colonial Revival, 407, 411

  colonization movement, 176, 177, 178

  Colonization Society, 201

  Colorado, 325

  women’s voting rights in, 386

  Colored Farmers’ Alliance, 336

  Colored Orphan Asylum, 300

  Colored People’s Day, 356

  Columbian Almanack, xviii

  Columbian Exposition, 353–57

  Columbian Orator, 276

  Columbia University, 348, 562

  Columbus, Christopher, xviii, 17, 18, 337

  diary of, 3–4, 12, 23–24

  in 1492 arrival at Haiti, 3–4

  second voyage of, 5, 18

  sketch map of Haiti by, 4

  Spanish sponsorship of, 12

  western voyage proposed by, 12

  Columbus, Ferdinand, 5, 16

  Comey, James, 761

  Commission on National Goals, 594–95, 597

  Commission on the Status of Women, 647

  Committee for Constitutional Government, 504–5

  Committee on Political Parties, 545–46

  Committee on Social Insurance, 379

  Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP), 641

  common schools, 209–10

  Common Sense (Paine), xvii, 95–96, 130

  communism, 482, 527, 534–41, 548–57, 565–68, 571, 581

  Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 254

  Commu
nist Party USA (CPUSA), 552

  Company of Royal Adventures of England Trading with Africa, 46

  compassionate conservatism, 716

  Compromise of 1850, 260–61

  computers, 193–94, 521, 523–27, 524, 544, 557–59, 563–65, 573, 574–75, 587, 667, 694–95

  Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, 404

  Comrie, L. J., 523

  Comstock, Anthony, 652–53

  concealed weapons, 446

  Confederate States of America:

  draft in, 300–301

  formation of, 289–90

  Hitler’s admiration for, 476

  pardoning of leaders of, 318

  taxes in, 300, 301

  welfare in, 302–3

  women in, 301–3, 302

  Congregationalists, 201

  Congress, U.S., 525, 529, 531, 535, 538, 541, 542, 546, 547, 548, 549, 566, 568, 569, 569, 572, 579, 582, 584, 585–86

  Dickens’s criticism of, 243–44

  inventory of manufacturing instituted by, 172

  national bank charter renewed by, 234

  slave trade abolished by, 172

  war declared on Spain by, 366–67

  Congress, U.S., First, 131–34

  antislavery petitions and, 135, 136–37

  Bill of Rights and, 134

  debt assumption plan passed by, 140

  and founding of Washington, DC, 139–40

  Hamilton’s bank plan passed by, 138–39

  Congressional Black Caucus (CBC), 699

  Congressional Government (Wilson), 373, 388

  Congressional Record, 132, 408

  Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 537

  Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 604–5, 606, 607

  Conkling, Roscoe, 329, 338

  Connecticut, 654

  suffrage sold in, 342

  Connecticut Bee, 145

  Connecticut colony, 44

  Connecticut compromise, 125

  Connor, Eugene “Bull,” 605

  Conscience of a Conservative, The (Goldwater), 614

  conscription of thought, 395–96

  conservatism, 332, 364, 529, 552–57, 556, 560–63, 568, 570, 573, 579–80, 581

  and Constitution, 677–79

  and George W. Bush administration, 716

  and gun control debate, 672–74, 675–78, 679

  and health care, 698–99

  and inflation, 629

  New Deal vs., 444–45, 446–47

  and 1960s political consensus, 592

  and Nixon administration, 638

  and political polarization, 711

  and polling industry, 667

  and presidential election (1964), 613–15

  and race, 662–63

  and race riots (1960s), 623

  and Reagan, 624–25, 627

  Republican Party takeover of, 658–59, 664–68

  and science, 682–83

  and technology, 666

  Weyrich on failure of, 712

  see also culture wars; political polarization

  Conservative Mind, The (Kirk), 555

  Constitution, Confederate, 290

  Constitution, U.S., xi, 52, 287, 543, 552, 573, 575, 579, 582, 583, 728

  Article I of, 139, 157

 

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