These Truths

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These Truths Page 115

by Jill Lepore


  Article VI of, 138

  bill of rights as originally lacking in, 127, 129, 130

  commerce clause of, 462

  and conservatism, 677–79, 684, 685, 686–87

  and establishment of Cherokee Nation, 215

  evolution and, 373

  fundamentalist view of, 403, 404

  God absent from, 200

  New Deal and debate over, 462–66

  originalism, 677, 678–79, 684, 685, 687–88

  and payment of congressmen, 122

  preamble to, xi–xii

  property requirements for federal office holders rejected by, 122

  publication of, 109, 128

  ratification debate over, 128–31, 166

  ratification of, xii–xiv

  repeal of ratification by seceding states, 289–90, 289

  rival interpretations of, 411–12

  signing of, 128

  slavery and, 127

  slavery in, 191, 241, 256–57, 261–62, 268

  slave trade and, 136

  and state sovereignty, 217–18

  three-fifths clause in, 130, 157, 173, 175

  treated as scripture, 201

  voting rights and, 122

  and white supremacy, 701

  and women’s rights, 650, 653, 691

  see also Bill of Rights, U.S.; specific amendments constitutional convention (1787), xi, 109–10, 119–28

  adjournment of, 128

  apportionment issue at, 123, 125

  conflicts between states as issue at, 121

  Connecticut compromise at, 125

  debate at, 275

  debt and taxation as issue at, 121

  free speech discussed at, 291

  Madison’s notes on, 110, 111, 118, 149, 240–41, 256–57

  Northwest Ordinance enacted by, 124–25

  representation as issue at, 121–22, 123, 124–25

  secrecy pledge at, 121

  slavery as issue at, 123–27

  slave trade as issue at, 125–26

  three-fifths rule adopted by, 125

  Virginia Plan and, 120

  Constitutional Courant, 83

  constitutional crisis of 1840s and 1850s, 238–41

  “Constitution for the New Deal,” 466

  Constitution of the Air, 422–23

  constitutions, 112, 240

  English, 110

  constitutions, state, 111–13

  branches of government in, 113

  Declarations of Rights in, 112, 113, 114

  slavery and, 113–14

  voting rights in, 112–13

  constitutions, use of term, 110

  consumers, 380–81

  consumer spending, 528, 558

  Continental army, 93

  Continental Congress, 92, 93, 97–98, 128

  Articles of Confederation enacted by, 114

  boycott of British goods by, 91

  and calculation of states’ share of taxes, 115–16

  Caribbean trade banned by, 91

  and foreign demands for repayment of debts, 114, 116

  paper money issued by, 115, 116

  and question of representation, 90–91

  taxing authority lacked by, 114–15

  Continental currency, 334

  contraception, 386, 394

  history of, 649

  1970s activism, 647

  and right to privacy, 650, 678, 685–86, 688

  Supreme Court on, 649, 650, 653, 678

  see also birth control

  contract, liberty of, 378

  Converse, Philip, 593

  Cooke, Henry, 335

  Cooke, Jay, 335

  Coolidge, Calvin:

  efficiency of taxation by, 405

  propaganda used by, 414

  Cooper, James Fenimore, 212

  Cooper Union, 285

  Copley, John Singleton, 72

  CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), 604–5, 606, 607

  Cornwallis, Lord, surrender of, 103, 104

  Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, 23

  corporations, 330, 333, 336–37

  as people, 339, 348

  people vs., 348

  taxing of, 336

  “corrupt bargain” (1828), 236

  corruption, 708

  Cortés, Hernán, 21, 22–23

  Corwin, Norman, 491

  Cosby, William, 61, 62–63

  Cosmos (TV show), 681

  cotton, 203

  doubling of production of, 202

  export of, 217

  Cotton Belt, 438

  cotton gin, 172

  Cotton Is King (Christy), 281

  Coughlin, Charles, 461, 476, 479

  Coulter, Ann, 722–23, 727

  Council on Foreign Relations, 474

  counting and measuring, see quantification Country Party (New York), 62, 63

  Court Party (New York), 62

  courts, see judiciary; Supreme Court

  cowboys, 334

  Cox, Archibald, 643–44

  Cox, James, 403

  Coxe, Tench, 172

  Creeks, 212

  Creek War, 213, 214

  Creel, George, 395, 396, 414, 488, 496

  “Crime Against Kansas, The” (Sumner), 266

  Crimean War, 301

  criminal justice policy:

  and Clinton administration, 699–700

  and gun control debate, 673

  and Johnson administration, 622–23

  mass incarceration, 699–700

  NFL kneeling protests, 628

  and presidential election (1968), 632–33

  Crisis, 371, 396, 497

  Crisp, Mary, 665

  critical race theory, 703

  Cronkite, Walter, 561, 563–64, 563, 565, 643, 706–7, 743

  “cross-of-gold” speech, 570

  CRP (Committee to Re-elect the President), 641

  Crusade for Justice, 634

  Cruz, Ted, 774

  Cuba, 370, 374

  filibusters in, 281

  missionaries in, 366

  Polk’s desire to annex, 242

  Cuban Missile Crisis, 604

  Cudjoe, 58

  Cugoano, Quobna Ottobah, 136

  Culpeper, Va., 297

  culture wars, 647–48, 676

  and anti-feminist women’s movement, 646, 652–53, 661–62

  and conservative Republican Party takeover, 658–59, 664–68

  and Constitution, 653–54, 677–79

  end of, 712–13

  and evangelical churches, 662–64

  and immigration, 674, 675

  and National Women’s Conference, 661–62

  and 1960s political consensus, 649–51, 672–73

  and 1970s economic malaise, 658

  and Schlafly, 655–56, 658–59, 661, 662, 664

  and White Power movement, 673–74

  and women’s rights activism, 646–47, 651–52, 654–55

  Cushing, Caleb, 288

  Czechoslovakia, 400, 467–68, 473, 475

  Dachau, 513

  Daguerre, Louis, 272–73

  daguerreotype, 272–74

  Dakota Sioux, 333

  Daley, Richard, 633

  dams, 442

  Darkest Africa (Stanley), 750–51

  Darrow, Clarence, 365, 420

  Prohibition opposed by, 398

  at Scopes trial, 416–19

  Darwin, Charles, 8, 284, 417, 419

  data processing, 557–59

  data science, 597–99, 603–4, 635

  Davenport, Charles, 392

  Davis, Elmer, 491

  Davis, Garrett, 326

  Davis, Jeff, 365

  Davis, Jefferson:

  inauguration of, 290

  made president of Confederacy, 289–90

  slavery defended by, 293

  slaves of, 296–97

  Davis, John W., 411, 577–78, 579

  Davis, Reuben, 285

  Davis’s Hotel (Washingt
on), 176

  Dawes, Henry Laurens, 337

  Dawes Severalty Act, 337

  D-Day, 505–6, 586

  Dead of Antietam, The (exhibit), 294

  Dean, Howard, 737

  Dean, John, 633

  debate, 275–76, 459–60

  DeBow, James D. B., 292

  Debs, Eugene, 352, 384, 385, 395–96, 416–17, 757–58

  debt, national, Hamilton’s plan for repayment of, 138–40

  debt, as slavery, 81, 82, 83

  debtors’ prison, 141, 226

  Declaration of Independence, xiv–xv, xvii, 75, 98–99, 112, 128, 154, 165, 227, 257–58, 280, 287, 728

  and black Americans, 203–4

  centennial of, 329

  considered scripture, 202

  criticism of, 256

  fiftieth anniversary celebration of, 185

  fiftieth anniversary of, 189–90, 199

  Garrison’s praise of, 206

  Jefferson’s draft of, 99

  slavery ignored by, 99

  Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace, 733

  Declaration of Liberty by the Representatives of the Slave Population of the United States of America, 283

  Declarations of Rights, 112, 113, 114

  Defense Department, U.S., 538, 545

  Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States (Adams), 155

  defense spending, see military spending Degler, Carl, xviii

  Delaware, 578

  DeLay, Tom, 748

  “Demands of the Vietnamese People, The,” 399

  de Mier y Terán, Manuel, 222

  democracy, xviii

  doubts in the Depression about, 426

  measurement of public opinion and, 452–57

  Nazism vs., 434

  negative connotation of term, 112, 121

  peace and, 395

  public relations and, 402

  republicanism vs., 181

  spread of, 191, 192

  and television, 592

  World War II fought for, 492

  Democratic Leadership Council, 696

  Democratic National Committee (DNC), 431, 432, 454, 456–57, 557

  Democratic Party, U.S., 264, 282, 331

  and Civil Rights Act, 613–14

  congressional majority of, 537, 549, 552–53, 567–68

  conservative opposition to, 556, 557, 563

  1832 convention of, 219

  1860 conventions of, 287

  1864 convention of, 303

  1876 convention of, 345

  1880 convention of, 340

  1896 convention of, 350–52, 351

  1912 convention of, 543

  in election of 1836, 224

  in election of 1840, 227, 228

  and gender gap, 668

  Irish in, 209

  and labor unions, 693, 696

  and Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 621

  1924 convention of, 410–11

  1928 convention of, 428

  1932 convention of, 429–30

  People’s Party fused into, 346–47, 350

  popular support for, 541–46, 560, 563, 564, 571, 572–73, 586

  Populists folded into, 364–65

  presidential election (1960), 597

  presidential election (1964), 621

  presidential election (1968), 633

  rearrangement of, 431

  rise of, 211

  and southern strategy, 632, 636, 656, 667

  southern white support for, 323

  and technology, 693–96

  Truman as leader of, 531, 541–46, 552 2004

  convention of, 253

  women’s rights supported by, 529

  Democratic Party (Jacksonian), 186

  Democratic-Republican Party, see Republicans (Jeffersonian)

  Democratic Review, 243

  demography, 157

  denationalization, 526

  Denmark, 473

  Dennis v. United States, 552

  deregulation, 671–72, 705–6

  desegregation, racial, 530–31, 541, 575–88, 585, 663

  Desk Set (film),574–75

  Detroit, Mich., 383, 499, 500

  Great Migration to, 371

  Dewey, John, 395

  Dewey, Thomas E., 541–46, 555–56, 563

  Dias, Bartolomeu, 12, 17

  Dickens, Charles, 234, 243–44

  Dickinson, Anna, 264

  Dickinson, John, 97, 127

  Dies, Martin, Jr., 443–44, 498–99, 504

  Difference Engine (Babbage), 193, 523

  differential analyzer, 524

  Diggers, 50

  digital electronic computers, 524

  direct mail, 666, 679

  diseases, European, catastrophic effect on Native Americans of, 19–20

  Disney, Walt, 528–29

  Disneyland, 528–29, 566

  disruption, economic, 735–36

  District of Columbia v. Heller, 763–64

  Divide and Conquer (MacLeish), 489

  divine right of kings, 48, 54

  Dixiecrats, 541

  Dixon, Frank M., 541

  Dodge City, Kans., 445

  “Does the Negro Need Separate Schools?” (Du Bois), 581

  Dole, Bob, 734–35

  domestic economy, 197

  Donnelly, Ignatius, 346

  Doomsday Clock, 539, 587

  Dougherty, John, 222

  Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 549

  Douglas, Stephen:

  Compromise of 1850

  of, 260–61

  in election of 1858, 265, 275, 276–79

  in election of 1860, 288

  and identity politics, 701

  Kansas-Nebraska Act proposed by, 262

  Lincoln’s criticism of, 285

  Lincoln’s debates with, 275, 276–79, 286

  Douglas, William O., 579, 584, 644, 650

  Douglass, Frederick, 247–49, 248, 374, 417, 583, 767

  black men urged to join Union army by, 300

  Brown’s meeting with, 282, 283, 284

  on citizenship rights, 327

  Civil Rights Act pushed by, 319–20

  on Columbian Exposition, 356–57

  on constitutionality of slavery, 261–62

  debate studied by, 276

  Dred Scott decision denounced by, 270, 271

  on Emancipation Proclamation, 297–98

  escape from slavery, 314

  Jim Crow’s rise explained by, 353, 355–56, 358

  Lincoln’s study of, 264–65

  on photography, 248, 273–74, 460

  on separate creation of races, 256

  worries about Reconstruction, 329

  Dow Jones Industrial Average, 424

  Downey, Sheridan, 449, 450, 549

  draft riots, 300

  Drake, Francis, 29

  Dreams from My Father (Obama), 750

  Dred Scott v. Sandford, 268–70, 291, 314, 360, 464, 727, 757

  Dreher, Rod, 769, 778

  Dresser, Robert B., 504–5

  drought, in the Depression, 426, 439–40

  Drudge, Matt, 710

  Drudge Report, 763

  drug laws, 376

  drug policy, 699, 700

  D’Souza, Dinesh, 727

  Duane, William, 161–62

  Du Bois, W. E. B., 296, 360, 369–70, 371, 396, 411, 496, 581

  at Paris Peace Conference, 399

  Duer, William, 140–41, 335

  Dukakis, Michael, 694, 706

  Duke Law School, 534

  Dulles, John Foster, 574

  Dunham, Stanley, 750–51

  Dunham, Stanley Ann, 751

  Dunmore, Lord, 93, 94–95

  Du Pont, 448

  du Pont, Irénée, 445, 446

  du Pont, Lammont, 445, 446, 447

  du Pont, Pierre, 445, 446

  Durand, John, 2

  Dutton, Frederick, 696

  Dwight, Timothy, 159

  Dyso
n, Esther, 732

  “Earl Warren Special,” 561

  Earp, Wyatt, 445

  earth, geological history of, 7

  East Asia Tin Works, 521–22

  East India Company, 82, 88–89

  Eastland, James, 582

  Eaton, John, 181–82

  Eckert, Presper, 524, 526–27, 558

  Eckford, Elizabeth, 585, 585

  Economic Consequences of the Peace, The (Keynes), 400

  economic inequality:

  and end of Cold War, 684

  and Internet, 657–58

  and Kennedy administration, 611–12

  late 1960s increase in, 594

  and 1970s economic malaise, 657, 658 1990s increase in, 702

  see also poverty

  Economic Opportunity Act (1964), 612

  economic policy:

  Clinton administration, 699, 700

  deregulation, 671–72, 705–6

  Keynesian, 592, 619, 657, 670

  NAFTA, 699

  Reagan administration, 669–72, 705–6

  supply-side economics, 670, 671

  economics, 348

  economic situation:

  early 1960s affluence, 591–92

  late 1960s inflation, 629

  1970s malaise, 656–57

  1990s improvement, 714

  and Reagan administration, 683

  Edes, Benjamin, 92–93

  Edison, Thomas, 424

  Edison Institute, 424

  Editors’ Research Bureau, 455

  Edmunds, George F., 327

  education, 527–30, 545, 553, 554–55, 557, 576, 579

  of women, 386

  Edward, Harry, 628

  efficiency, 382

  “eggheads,” 551–52, 561

  Egyptians, 399

  Ehrlichman, John, 638, 640

  eight-hour workday, 346, 377, 388

  Einstein, Albert, 474, 475, 526

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 741

  and abortion, 649

  and Cold War, 602

  Commission on National Goals, 594–95, 597

  conservative support for, 570, 579–80, 581

  D-Day overseen by, 505

  McCarthy as viewed by, 566, 568

  and nuclear weapons, 680

  Ohrduf visited by, 512, 513, 513

  presidential campaign of (1952), 559–60, 562, 565

  presidential campaign of (1956), 571–72

  and presidential election (1960), 599, 602

  racial policies of, 582, 584, 585–86

  recording system, 640

  religious affiliation of, 569

  scientific research supported by, 587

  “Eisenhower Answers America,” 560 Eisenstadt v. Baird, 650

  Election Day, 342

  election forecasts, 557–59, 563–65, 564

  elections, California, 1934, 450–51

  elections, direct, 156

  elections, Illinois, 1858, 265

  elections, indirect, 156–57

  elections, U.S., 156–58

  of 1789, 133

  of 1796, 154, 158

  of 1800, 154–55, 159–64, 160

  of 1824, 180–85

  of 1828, 185, 186

  of 1832, 218–19

  of 1836, 224–25

  of 1840, 226–29, 257

 

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