These Truths

Home > Other > These Truths > Page 116
These Truths Page 116

by Jill Lepore


  of 1844, 236–38, 243, 257

  of 1848, 253–54, 256–57

  of 1856, 267

  of 1860, 285, 286, 287–88

  of 1864, 303

  of 1866, 323

  of 1868, 324

  of 1876, 329–30

  of 1896, 350–53, 351, 362, 366

  of 1908, 376, 384

  of 1912, 385–87, 543

  of 1916, 393

  of 1920, 403, 428

  of 1928, 421–22, 423

  of 1930, 427

  of 1932, 429–31, 454, 536

  of 1933, 549

  of 1936, 447, 462, 503, 535

  of 1938, 503

  of 1940, 478

  of 1942, 503

  of 1944, 531, 542, 564

  of 1946, 534–37, 549

  of 1948, 541–46, 555–56, 559–60, 563, 564

  of 1952, 552, 557–59, 561–65, 564, 570

  of 1954, 567

  of 1956, 570–73

  “party tickets” in, 184, 186

  Electoral College, 218, 573

  in 1824 election, 184

  in election of 1800, 154, 164

  election of delegates to, 158, 163–64, 183, 186

  three-fifths rule and, 157–58, 164

  electrification, 404–5

  Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), 732, 744

  Elektro the Moto-Man, 526, 558

  “Elements of Technology, The” (Bigelow) 198

  Elizabeth I, queen of England, 25–26, 26, 27

  Ellis, John, 716

  Ellison, Ralph, 441

  Ellsberg, Daniel, 640–41, 644

  Ellsworth, Oliver, 122, 126

  El Salvador, 281

  emancipation:

  implications for citizenship of, 311–12

  see also slaver

  Emancipation Day, 311

  Emancipation Proclamation, 297–300, 303, 329

  Emanuel, Rahm, 708

  Embargo Act (1807), 171–72

  Emergency Banking Act (1933), 437

  Emerging Republican Majority, The (Phillips), 636

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 229, 230, 247, 252

  Emery, Sarah E. V., 340, 346

  Emigrants’ Guide to Oregon and California (Hastings), 242

  empiricism, 349

  End of Ideology, The (Bell), 592

  End Poverty in California (EPIC), 450

  Engels, Friedrich, 380

  England, see Great Britain

  England, Jake, 765

  English Civil War, 48

  English common law, 35, 47

  Glanville on, 40

  slavery and, 88

  English North America, racism in, 23

  ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), 520, 523–27, 558

  Enigma machine, 524

  Enlightenment, 256

  environmental movement, 681

  Environmental Protection Agency, 681

  Ephron, Henry, 574

  Ephron, Phoebe, 574

  EPIC campaign, 535, 549

  Epic of America, The (Adams), 441

  Episcopalians, 201

  equality, 205–6, 360

  criticism of, 256

  and Dred Scott decision, 270

  as moral idea, xv

  political, see political equality

  U.S. democracy’s reliance on, 341–42

  equal pay, 581

  Equal Pay Act, 659

  equal protection of the law, 580

  Equal Rights Amendment, see ERA

  Equal Rights Leagues, 318

  Equal Rights Party, 328, 340

  Equal Rights Association, 402

  ERA (Equal Rights Amendment), 402, 403, 529

  Betty Ford on, 655

  and conservative Republican Party takeover, 659, 664, 665, 668

  and liberal feminism, 652

  and NOW, 647

  and right to privacy, 686

  and Schlafly, 656, 658

  Erie Canal, 195

  espionage, 539, 540–41, 548–49

  Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism, with Reference to the Duty of American Females, An (Beecher), 207

  Essay on the Principle of Population (Malthus), 157, 171

  estate tax, 405

  ethics investigations, 708–13, 714

  “Ethics of Family Planning, The,” 649

  Ethiopia, 427

  Etymologiae (Isidore of Seville), 14

  eugenics, 391–92, 394, 410 Eugenics (Davenport), 392

  Europe:

  American voyages of, 11

  before 1492, 9

  extraction of wealth from Americas by, 17

  Europe, Western, 537–38, 539

  evangelical Christianity, 568–69, 584

  and AIDS crisis, 685

  Christian origin of U.S. claimed by, 201

  and culture wars, 662–64

  spread of, 199

  see also Second Great Awakening

  Evans, Walker, 441

  Everett, Edward, 216, 220, 295

  evidence:

  in determinate of truth, 41–42

  historical, xvii–xviii, 4

  scientific, xvii

  truth and, 61

  evolution, 284, 348, 354, 390, 391

  applied to Constitution, 373

  in Scopes trial, 414–19

  excess profits tax, 405

  executive branch, FDR’s reorganization of, 466

  Executive Order 8802, 498

  Facebook, 736

  fact-checking, 412–13

  factions, 129

  Madison on, 144

  factories, 191, 193, 194–95, 202, 426

  Fail-Safe (Burdick and Wheeler), 598

  “Failure of Free Society, The,” debate, 276

  Fair Deal, 532

  Fairness Doctrine, 561, 682, 704

  faith, history vs., xvi–xvii, xix

  Falwell, Jerry, 663–64, 723

  family, 196–97, 529, 557

  Family Assistance Plan, 638–39

  Far East, 456

  farm cooperatives, 336

  Farmer, James, 607

  farmers, 343

  declining number of, 375

  in the Depression, 425, 426, 437–38

  federal aid to, 388

  in World War II, 486

  Farmers’ Alliance, 340

  Farmers’ Declaration of Independence, 335

  Farmers’ Independence Council, 447

  Farm Security Administration (FSA), 438, 441, 494

  Farrington, Betty, 555–56, 557

  fascism, 571

  “Fate of the Earth, The” (Schell), 681

  Faubus, Orval, 584–87, 585

  Faulkner, William, 540

  Fay, John Dewey, 226

  “FB Eye Blues, The” (Wright), 443

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 443, 494, 495

  and Black Power movement, 626

  and Cold War, 639

  Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 422, 470, 561, 571

  Federal Council of Churches, 366

  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 437

  Federal Firearms Act, 445

  federal funding, 526

  Federal Hall (New York City), 131–32, 132

  Federal Housing Administration (FAA), U.S., 530

  Federalist No. 52, 312

  Federalist Papers, xiii–xiv, 128–29, 134, 166, 624–25

  Federalists, 129, 129, 130–31, 137, 143, 144, 145, 211

  as anti-slavery, 176

  in election of 1796, 158

  in election of 1800, 154–55, 160–62, 164

  Louisiana Purchase and, 170

  Federalist Society, 677, 678, 684, 688, 689

  Federal Radio Act, 422

  Federal Radio Commission, 422–23

  Federal Reserve Bank, 364

  Federal Theatre of the Air, 441

  Federal Theatre Project, 437, 441, 444

  Federal Writers’ Project, 437, 441, 444

  Federation o
f American Scientists, 545

  Federation of Atomic Scientists, 526

  Female Anti-Slavery Societies, 207

  Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 647

  feminism, 635, 652–53

  and Clinton ethics investigations, 712

  and identity politics, 701

  see also women’s rights

  Ferdinand and Isabella, monarchs of Spain, 12, 18

  Ferguson, John, 358

  Ferguson, Mo., 767

  fertility rates, 196–97

  Fifteenth Amendment, 326, 327, 328, 337, 476

  Fifth Avenue (New York City), 406

  Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Infantry, 300

  filibusters, 281

  Fillmore, Millard, 267

  Filmer, Robert, 54

  film industry, government influence on, 501–2

  Final Edition, The (radio show), 702

  finance, 335–36

  Finland, 400

  Finney, Charles Grandison, 197, 202, 204

  Firearms Owners’ Protection Act (1986), 679

  Firestone, Shulamith, 651

  First Amendment, 137–38, 395, 552, 573

  First Battle, The (Bryan), 353

  First Maroon War, 58

  First National Bank, 388

  First Persian Gulf War, 722

  First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 299

  First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, 367

  Fisher, Irving, 379

  Fitzhugh, George, 256, 276

  Flanagan, Hallie, 443–44

  Florida, 58

  gun laws in, 445

  income tax in, 301

  Indians in, 213

  Polk’s desire to annex, 242

  secession of, 289

  Spanish in, 25

  Flowers, Gennifer, 697

  Floyd, Jay, 653

  Flynn, James T., 516

  food laws, 376

  Food Stamp Act (1964), 612

  Forbes, Steve, 671

  Force Act, 327

  Ford, Betty, 646–47, 654–55, 655, 656, 660

  Ford, Edsel, 405

  Ford, Gerald:

  and ERA, 659

  and political polarization, 656

  and presidential election (1972), 659

  and presidential election (1976), 664, 705

  and race riots, 625

  and women’s rights, 660

  Ford, Henry, 383–84, 405, 407, 424, 481

  Ford Motor plant, 361

  Foreign Affairs, 722

  Forest Service, 363

  Forlorn Hope, 138

  Fortas, Abe, 618

  Fort Duquesne, British attack on, 77–78

  Fort Sumter, 292, 293

  Fortune, 477, 489, 522

  fossil record, 8

  Foster, Judith Ellen, 340–41

  founding principles, U.S., xiv–xv, xix

  disagreement about, xvi

  Fountainhead, The (Rand), 553

  4chan, 724

  480, The (Burdick), 598–99

  Four Freedoms, 480, 483

  Four Powers Pact, 467–68

  Fourteen Points, 396–97, 491

  Fourteenth Amendment, 321–23, 324, 326, 336, 337, 359, 369, 579

  as applied to corporations, 338–39

  Hitler’s desire for repeal of, 476

  liberty of contract and, 378

  Fourth of July celebrations, see July Fourth celebrations

  Fox News, 742–43, 755, 774

  and Clinton ethics investigations, 710–11

  founding of, 707

  and presidential election (2000), 716

  “Fragments on Government” (Lincoln), 151

  Frame of Government, Pennsylvania colony, 51

  France, 223, 473, 745

  American Revolution and, 101–2

  British wars with, 65–66, 76–77, 170, 171, 172

  constitution of, 240

  economy of, 406

  in Four Powers Pact, 467–68

  India alliances with, 66

  invasion of, 505–6

  in Munich crisis, 467, 474

  at Paris Peace Conference, 400

  repayment of American debt demanded by, 116

  U.S. arms used by, 475

  U.S. food sent to, 486

  war on Germany declared by, 476–77

  in World War I, 398

  Frankfurter, Felix, 426, 457, 465, 577, 579

  Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 302

  Franklin, Benjamin, xv, 59, 83, 86, 93, 98, 101, 103, 115, 156, 165, 211, 736

  abolition urged by, 135, 137

  autobiography of, 75

  childhood and youth of, 59–60

  at constitutional convention, 119–20, 122, 124–25, 127–28

  diffusion of knowledge promoted by, 66

  “JOIN, or DIE” woodcut of, 65, 65, 66, 71, 76

  in move to Philadelphia, 60–61

  as newspaper publisher printer and, 60–61

  in Paris peace negotiations, 107

  Philadelphia house of, 119–20

  as Philadelphia postmaster, 66, 67

  Plan of Union of, 70–71, 77

  on race, 70

  slaves owned by, 74

  Stamp Act opposed by, 82

  Franklin, Deborah, 75

  Franklin, James, 60, 75

  Franklin, Jane, 59, 60, 93, 107, 116, 120, 130

  and women’s equality, 87

  free blacks, as political problem, 176–78

  Freedmen’s Bureau, see Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands

  freedom, 536, 552, 553, 573

  truth and, 49–50

  freedom from fear, in Four Freedoms, 480

  freedom from want, in Four Freedoms, 480

  freedom of religion, in Four Freedoms, 480

  freedom of speech, in Four Freedoms, 480

  Freedom Riders, 604–6

  Freedom’s Journal, 203

  Freedom Summer (1964), 620

  free labor, 255

  Freeman, 447

  Freeman, Elizabeth (Bett), 113–14

  free markets, xviii, 364–65

  Free Silver, 347

  Free-Soil Party, 254, 255, 256–57, 259, 261, 264, 282

  Free Speech, 356

  free speech, and gag rule on antislavery tracts, 223, 276, 291

  Free Speech Movement (1964–65), 620–21, 625–27, 694

  free trade, 223

  slavery and, 281–82

  Frémont, John C., 242

  in election of 1856, 267, 268

  French and Indian War, 77

  American troops in, 78–79

  British troops in, 77–78

  and taxation of American colonies, 78, 81

  Washington’s skirmish with French in, 76–77

  French Resistance, 506

  French Revolution, 142

  Freud, Sigmund, 413

  Friedan, Betty, 647, 661

  Friedman, Milton, 638, 669–70

  frontier, 354–55

  Frontierland, 528–29

  Frum, David, 716

  Fuchs, Klaus, 539

  Fugitive Slave Law, 261

  Fulbright, J. William, 635

  Fuller, Margaret, 252, 254, 257, 258

  Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (Locke), 52–53, 55

  fundamentalism, 390–91, 392–93, 418

  on radio, 460–61

  Fundamentals, The: A Testimony to the Truth, 391, 414

  Futurama, 473

  Gabriel (slave), 159

  Gabriel Over the White House (film), 434

  Galbraith, John Kenneth, 572, 591, 592, 594, 611

  Gallup, George, 454–56, 457, 458–59, 542, 543, 560, 565, 597, 774

  Gallup, George, Jr., 667

  Gandhi, Mohandas K., 583

  Gardener, William (Billey), 106–7, 125

  Gardiner, David, 236

  Gardner, Alexander, 272, 294, 295, 304

  Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book of the War (Gardne
r), 295

  Garnet, Henry Highland, 256, 299

  Garrison, William Lloyd, 190, 201, 247, 248, 269

  American Anti-Slavery Society founded by, 206

  Constitution damned by, 241, 262

  Gates, Bill, 695, 735

  Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 703–4

  gay rights movement, 768–69

  and AIDS crisis, 685, 686, 687

  and evangelical churches, 664

  growth of, 651–52

  and identity politics, 701

  and liberal feminism, 661–62

  and Supreme Court, 685, 686–87

  Gazette of the United States, 161

  gender gap, 616, 668

  General Land Office, 221

  General Motors, 447, 570

  Genesis, 7, 9

  Geneva Conventions, 746–47

  Genoa, 12

  George, David, 107, 136

  George, Henry, 341–43, 350, 365

  George C. Marshall Institute, 683

  George III, king of England, 79

  accession of, 79

  factory visited by, 193

  Georgia, 34, 531

  Indians in, 213, 214, 215–16, 218

  secession of, 289, 292

  German educational model, 348

  German immigrants, 208, 209–10, 313

  Germany, 379, 548

  American Revolution and, 101

  in Axis, 466, 479

  economy of, 406

  Kristallnacht in, 471

  Poland invaded by, 473, 474, 487

  punished at Peace Conference, 400

  rise of Nazis in, 427, 434

  Soviet Union invaded by, 481–82

  Sudetenland seized by, 467–68

  unemployment in, 426–27

  in World War I, 390, 391–92, 393, 394, 398

  Geronimo, 337

  Gerry, Elbridge, 121

  Gettysburg, Battle of, 294–95, 294, 389

  Gettysburg Address, 295–96, 307

  Ghana, 578

  ghettos, 530

  “Giant Brain,” 520

  G. I. Bill, 527–30, 528

  Gilded Age, 336, 363

  Gilder, George, 670–71, 734, 735

  Gingrich, Newt, 683, 699, 700, 712, 732, 765

  Gini, Corrado, 442

  Gini index, 442–43

  Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 652, 686, 699

  Gitlin, Todd, 703

  Gladden, Washington, 305, 354, 365

  Glanville, Ranulf de, 40–41

  Glass-Steagall Act (1933), 437, 700, 749

  Gobright, Lawrence, 249

  God and Man at Yale: The Superstitions of “Academic Freedom” (Buckley), 554–55

  Goddard, William, 83

  Godfrey, Arthur, 511

  Goebbels, Joseph, 434, 452, 453, 456, 466

  gold, 214–15

  gold-bugs, 220

  Golden Hour of the Little Flower, The (radio show), 461

  Goldman, Eric, 594

  Goldmark, Alice, 381

  Goldmark, Josephine, 381

  gold rush, 260, 324

  gold standard, 334, 351

  Goldwater, Barry, 556, 614–16, 624, 630, 649, 666

  Gonzales, Alberto, 747

  Gonzales, Rodolfo, 634, 634

  Goodman, Paul, 636

  Google, 736

  Gorbachev, Mikhail, 683–84

 

‹ Prev