by Jill Lepore
Mansfield, Lord, 88
“Manual for the Motion Picture Industry, A,” 501–2
manufacturing, 192
Hamilton’s emphasis on, 140
inventory of, 172
Jefferson’s distaste for, 169, 171–72
slavery as form of, 169
in World War II, 486
Mao Zedong, 539
maps, mapmakers, 14
Marbury v. Madison, 168, 239, 268–69, 378
March on Washington (1963), 609–10, 613
Mark I computer, 523, 524
Marlowe, Christopher, 444
marriage, 529
Married Women’s Property Act, 257
Marshall, John:
Cherokee National recognized by, 215–16
as chief justice, 165, 167–68, 187
federal law overturned by, 239
on preservation of Union, 260
Marshall, Thurgood, 497, 575–88
on Johnson, 643
on originalism, 687–88
retirement of, 697
Marshall Plan, 538
Martin, Jim, 505–6
Martin, Luther, 125–26, 130
Martin, Tracy, 763
Martin, Trayvon, 763, 765, 767
Marx, Karl, 230, 231, 254, 255
Mary I, queen of England, 26–27
Maryland, 576
income tax in, 301
Maryland, University of, Law School, 576
Maryland colony, 44
Mashpees, 212, 215
Mason, George, xii, 86, 96, 99, 122, 128
bill of rights proposal of, 127
Massachusetts:
constitution of, 111, 112, 114, 128
Know-Nothings in, 263
ratification debate in, 130
Revolutionary War debt of, 116
secret ballot in, 344
Shays’s Rebellion in, 116, 118
slavery outlawed in, 114
Massachusetts Assembly, 88
Massachusetts Bay colony, 43–44, 44
Massachusetts General Colored Association, 203
Massachusetts General Hospital, 560
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 524, 587
mass advertising, 401
and campaign of 1912, 387
mass communication, 363, 420, 566
mass consciousness, 363
mass consumption, 363
mass delusion, 364
Masses, 362
mass hysteria, 363
mass incarceration, 699–700
mass migration, 363
mass production, 363, 444
Mather, Cotton, 57, 60
mattresses, 195
Mauchly, John, 520, 524, 526–27, 558, 559, 575
maximum-hour laws, 346, 377, 381, 382
Maya, 8, 11
Mayflower, 43
voyage of, 38–39
Mayflower Compact, 39, 43
McAllum, Sam, 317
McCain, John, 752
McCarthy, Eugene, 629, 633
McCarthy, Joseph, 504, 549–52, 553, 555, 556, 557, 565–68, 567, 571, 572, 592
McCarthyism, 592, 597
McClellan, George, 303, 304
McClure, Samuel Sidney, 371
McClure’s, 371
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 423, 457
McCurry, Michael, 708
McGovern, George, 633, 642, 694
McGranery, James P., 578
McKellar, Kenneth, 39
McKinley, William:
assassination of, 375
in election of 1896, 352, 374, 375
warship sent to Cuba by, 366
McKissick, Floyd, 595
McMurray, Howard, 549
McNamara, Robert, 629, 640
McVeigh, Timothy, 702
McWilliams, Carey, 549, 560
Mead, Margaret, 660
measurement, see quantification
“Measurement of Inequality, The” (Gini), 443
Mechanics Magazine, 210
Mecom, Edward, 87
media:
and Ailes, 704–5, 742–43
consolidation of, 732–33
deregulation of, 737
Fairness Doctrine, 682, 704
and political polarization, 704, 707–8, 724
republicanism’s faith in, 144–45
Wilson’s relationship with, 388
Medicaid, 619, 671, 700
Medicare, and Reagan administration, 671
Meese, Edwin, 678–79, 684
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 489
Melich, Tanya, 652, 665
Mellon, Andrew W., 405, 443
Melville, Herman, 559
“Memorial Remonstrance against Religious Assessments” (Madison), 137
Menace of Modernism, The (Riley), 392–93
Mencken, H. L., 417, 418, 466
Mennonites, 569
Merchants of Death (Engelbrecht and Hanighen), 445
Mercury Theatre on the Air (radio show), 468–69
Merriam, Frank, 450, 451
Mesoamerica, 12
Mesopotamia, 12
Metacom (“King Philip”), 55–56
Methodists, 201, 366
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 407
Mexicans, 409–10
as cowboys, 334
Mexican War, 232, 241, 244, 368, 482
casualties of, 293
declaration of, 243
Douglass’s opposition to, 249
protests against, 246, 259, 263
and Wilmot Proviso, 244–46, 245
Mexico, 281, 394
Cortés’s invasion of, 22–23
immigration from, 674–75
movement of Americans into, 221–22
negotiation of border with, 222
Oregon Territory claimed by, 242
shrinking of, 250–51
Texas’s rebellion against, 222–23, 233
Mexico City, 250
Meyer, Philip, 667
Michigan, 208, 255
movement to, 221
Michigan, University of, 348, 544
Michigan Avenue (Chicago), 406
Microsoft, 695, 735
middle class, 529
Middle East, 11
Midway, Battle of, 494
military desegregation, 541
military spending, and Reagan administration, 671
militias, 702
Miller, Ola Babcock, 455
Millionaire’s Amendment, 505
Mills, C. Wright, 558–59, 566
Milton, John, 49, 291
Milwaukee, Wis., 371
minimum wage, 364
Ministry of Propaganda, German, 434, 452, 456, 481
Mink, Patsy, 659
Minnesota:
farm cooperatives in, 336
immigrants recruited to, 208
minorities, 544
see also specific minorities
Minor v. Happersett, 328
Minow, Newton, 571
missionaries, 366
Mississippi, 281, 541, 578
flood in, 421
Indians in, 213
movement to, 221
secession of, 289
slaves sold to, 202
as slave state, 176
Understanding Clause in constitution of, 344
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 621
Mississippi River, navigation rights on, 170
Missouri:
battle over statehood for, 176–80
movement to, 221
Missouri Compromise, 179–80, 253, 262–63
Missouri Question (Raymond), 178–79
Mitchell, Charles, 370
Mobile, Ala., 302
“Model of Christian Charity, A” (Winthrop), 43
Modern Efficiency Desk, 404
modernism, 354, 390
modernization, and Vietnam War, 603–4
Mondale, Walter, 683, 696, 706
monogenists, 256
monopoli
es, 335, 343, 363, 449, 526
Monroe, James, 172, 176
Monroe Doctrine, 180, 234–35
Montaigne, Michel de, 28
Montana, 325
blacks in, 369
creation of, 332
Montesinos, Antonio de, 21–22, 23
Montesquieu, 129, 135
Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott (1955–56), 582–84
Montreal, 79
Moody, John, 742–43
Moore, Mary, 302
moral crusades, 557
Moral Majority, 663–64
More, Thomas, 14, 54
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 372, 388
Mormons, 201
Morris, Dick, 710
Morris, Gouverneur, 119, 126–27
Morris, Robert, 109
Morris, Thomas, 223–24
Morrison, Philip, 545
Morrison, Toni, 712
Morse, Samuel F. B., 208–9, 229, 249, 263, 272–73
telegraph lauded by, 274–75
mortgages, 343
Morton, Levi, 313
Mosaic, 731
Mothers for Moral America, 616
Motion Picture Association of America, 501
Mount Vernon, 233, 236
MSNBC, 707
muckrakers, 371–73, 448
Muhammad, Elijah, 606, 613
mulattoes, 409
Muller, Curt, 381
Muller v. Oregon, 381–82
Mundus Novus (Vespucci), 14
Munich crisis, 467, 474
Munitions Committee, 445
Muñoz Camargo, Diego, 16
Murdoch, Rupert, 707, 743
Murphy, Frank, 495–96
Murray, Pauli, 497–98, 499–500, 647, 652
Murrow, Edward R., 511–12, 522, 563, 564–67, 574
Muslims, 11, 12
in American colonies, 50
Catholic wars with, 36
Mussolini, Benito, 427, 449, 467, 474, 514
Mutual network, 461
Myrdal, Gunnar, 501, 502
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 699
Nagasaki bombing (1945), 517, 522
Nanking, 481–82
Napoleon Bonaparte, 371
Napoleon I, emperor of France, 170
Napoleonic Wars, 170, 171, 172
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 248
Nation, 344, 414, 434, 502
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Kerner Commission), 627–28
National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA), 587
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 371, 389, 396, 399, 497, 577, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 595, 596, 605
on criminal justice policy, 699
National Association of Manufacturers, 446
national bank, 233
renewal of charter of, 234
National Bank Act, 333
National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), 422, 435, 467, 473, 476, 562, 571
National Bureau of Standards, 363
National City Bank, 388
National Congress of Mothers, 380
National Convention of Colored Men, 238, 317
national debt, World War II growth of, 487
National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), 488, 525
“National Education Campaign,” 547
National Era, 269
National Farmers’ Alliance, 336
National Federation of Republican Women’s Clubs, 555–57
National Firearms Act, 445
National Insurance Act, 379
National Organization for Women (NOW), 647
National Origins Act, 407–8
National Photographic Portrait Gallery, 294
national prayer breakfasts, 569
National Press Association, 356
National Radio Chapel (radio show), 460
National Recovery Administration, 463
National Republican Party, 219
National Review, 555, 723
National Rifle Association (NRA), 445–46, 672–73, 675–76, 678
National Science Foundation (NSF), 525, 542, 545
National Security Act (1947), 538
National Security Agency (NSA), 538
National Urban League, 497
National War Labor Board, 397, 487
National Welfare Rights Organization, 638
National Woman’s Alliance, 346
National Woman’s Party, 394, 431
National Woman Suffrage Association, 328, 329
National Women’s Conference (1977), 659–62
National Women’s Political Caucus, 652
National Youth Administration, 504
Nation of Islam, 606–7, 613, 621, 622
nation-states, 525
and fiction of common ancestry, 9–10
rise of, 9
Native Americans, 399
American Revolution and, 102
catastrophic effect of European diseases on, 19–20
as cowboys, 334
declining territory of, 337
enslavement of, 48
European disease in, 17
excluded by populism, 336
French alliances with, 66
in human zoos, 354
legal and moral right as issue for, 55
Locke on rights of, 53
1960s activism, 634
path to citizenship of, 337
removal of, 192, 212–16
on reservations, 337
sovereignty and, 53–54
in wars with colonists, 55–56
nativism, 263
Naturalization Act (1798), 314
natural rights, see human rights
“Nature of Mass Belief Systems in Mass Publics, The” (Converse), 593
Navy, U.S., 486
Nazi Party, 427, 434–35
genocide by, 511–13, 513
Ndongo, 38
Neal, Claude, 458
Nebraska:
creation of, 262
farm cooperatives in, 336
women protected in, 380–81
Negro March on Washington, 498
Negroes with Guns, 607
Negro Seaman Acts, 203
Netherlands, 240, 473
Neutrality Acts, 474, 475
Nevada, 260–61, 324
creation of, 332
irrigated land in, 409
Nevins, Allan, 562
Nevis, 84
New American Right, The (Bell), 592, 614
Newby, Dangerfield, 283
New Communalism, 695
New Conservation, 437
New Deal, 429–30, 437–38, 444, 479, 504, 515, 526, 527, 531–32, 535, 552, 570
blacks excluded from, 440, 457–58
and Clinton administration, 700
conservatism vs., 444–45, 446–47, 656
and debate over Constitution, 462–66
first hundred days of, 462
Herbert Hoover’s criticism of, 506–7
liberalism of, 444
and New Democrats, 696
and Reagan agenda, 627
redistribution under, 443
Supreme Court vs., 463–66
New Democrats, 696
New Departure, 324
New Echota, Ga., 214–15
New England:
abolition of slavery in, 123
antislavery movement in, 87, 88
Caribbean sugar plantations and, 45
dissenters’ settlement of, 39, 40, 43
Indian removal and, 215
Indian wars in, 55–56
Pequot War in, 45
slavery in, 45, 48
New-England Courant, 60
New Forum, 346
Newfoundland, 34
New France, Métis in, 69
New Hampshire, constitution of, 111, 128
New Hampshire colony, 44
New Haven colony, 44
New Jersey colony, 51
New Left, 627, 628–29, 637, 651, 694
and identity politics, 703
New Mexico, 243, 260–61, 394
New Negro, The (Locke), 411
New Netherland, 44
New Orleans, Battle of, 173, 181
New Orleans, La., 170, 204
New Orleans Bee, 289
New Republic, 362, 396–97, 400, 403, 426, 541
New South, 587
New Spain, 17, 20, 26
free blacks in, 69
racial caste system in, 23, 24
newspapers, 211, 533–34, 540–41, 551, 552, 555, 557, 558, 563, 571–72, 580
growth of, 145
Madison on importance of, 144–45
partisanship of, 145
political campaigning and, 160–61
two-party system and, 145
see also media; press, freedom of
New Sweden, 44
Newsweek, 522, 577
New Theology, 354
Newton, Huey, 627
Newtown, Ct., 765
New Women, 386
New York, debtors’ prison abolished by, 226
New York, N.Y., 104, 105
corruption in, 342
draft riots in, 300
Federal Hall in, 131–32, 132
slaves in, 61, 62, 63–64
supposed slave conspiracy in, 63–64
top 1 percent in, 207
New York, secret ballot in, 344
New York American, 182
New York colony, 51
New Yorker, The, 413, 521, 572, 722
New York Herald, 210, 211, 229, 236, 349, 385, 453, 458
New York Herald Tribune, 479, 490
New York Journal, 349, 367
New York Observer, 273
New-York Packet, xi, xii–xiii, xviii
New York Power Authority, 438
New York state, slavery in, 123
New York Stock Exchange, 141–42, 407, 424, 436 New York Sun, 211, 229
New York Times, 255, 295, 297, 340, 342, 349, 350, 352, 363, 387, 445, 505, 523, 527, 558
New York Tribune, 235, 252
New-York Weekly Journal, 61–62
New York World, 349–50, 375
Ngo Dinh Diem, 603, 604
Nicaragua, 281
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 427, 541, 583
Nierenberg, William, 683
Nine Old Men, The, 464
Nineteenth Amendment, 402, 431
Nixon, Richard M.:
and abortion, 653–54, 658
as anticommunist, 540–41, 548–51
background of, 534–35, 540–41
“Checkers speech” of, 561–63, 572
congressional campaign of (1946), 534–37
and contraception, 650
and criminal justice policy, 622, 673
and economic malaise, 657
and environmental movement, 681
and gun control debate, 673
inauguration (1973), 642–43
Khrushchev meeting (1959), 589–91, 589
and Pentagon Papers, 640–41
and political polarization, 636, 637–39, 643
and presidential election (1960), 589, 599–601, 601
and presidential election (1964), 615
and presidential election (1968), 631–33, 636
and presidential election (1972), 641–42