Defending the Disease: From Facts to Fingarette (Madsen), 263
Delaware Nation, 14, 16–17
delirium tremens (DTs), 6, 65, 68, 94, 144, 167, 203, 215
DeLuca, Alexander, 269
Dia Linn, 246
The Disease Concept of Alcoholism (Jellinek), 228–29
distilled liquor, 10, 26–27, 30, 58, 59; abstinence from, only, 117; as cause of alcoholism, 66; taxes on, 60; vs. wine/beer, 10, 27, 59–60, 66, 87, 117, 118
Dix, Dorothea, 26, 210
Dow, Neal, 119
“Dr. Bob.” See Smith, Bob
drinking establishments (taverns, bars, saloons), 31, 34, 40, 44, 46, 50, 100, 115–16, 120; opposed to temperance, 84–85, 97, 134; proliferation of, 119; as recovery centers, 31, 88, 92. See also liquor industry
drugs/drug abuse, 155, 232, 257–58, 270–72, 282–83; cocaine, 256, 258; cure for, 112, 124, 299n39; opioids, 272, 275, 282, 286; opium, 106; prescription drugs, 238, 252; US drug policy, 282. See also “war on drugs” (1980s)
drunk driving, 249, 253, 266, 282
DuPont, 221
Edwards, Justin, 27
Eiden, Fred, 243–44
Eighteenth Amendment. See Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment)
Ellskwata (Tenskwata), 17, 23
Emmanuel Church (Boston), mission of, 121–22, 124, 127, 211
Emmanuel movement, 126, 130–31
Empire Institute, 112
An Enquiry into the Effects of Spirituous Liquors on the Human Body (Rush), 59, 60
eugenics, 135–36
Eustis, William H., 111
Faces & Voices of Recovery, 279–81, 283
Facing Addiction, 284
Finan, Christopher M., personal story of recovery, 288–89
Fingarette, Herbert, 261–63, 270, 274
Firestone, Harvey, 178
Firestone, Russell, 178
First Industrial Conference on Alcoholism, 221
Folks, Homer, 134
Ford, Betty, 236–39, 249, 252
Ford, Gerald R., 236, 237, 238
Ford, Jack, 236
Ford, Susan, 236–37
Fox, Ruth, 211
Franklin, Benjamin, 15–16
Franklin Reformatory Home for Inebriates (Philadelphia), 83
Freud, Sigmund, 124, 131–32, 133, 201
Gardner, Orville, 86
Gardner, Yvelin, 224
Gatlin Institute, 112
Gehrmann, George H., 221, 222
Gibson, Robert, 113
Gloyd, Charles, 115–16
Gold as a Cure for Drunkenness (Hargreaves), 99, 102
Good Templars’ Asylum (Quincy, Massachusetts), 71
Gough, John B., 43
governments, federal and local: alcoholics in city workhouses, 51, 64, 134–35; drug czar, 284; funding institutions and programs for alcoholics, 81, 111, 117–18, 121, 134–37, 227, 231, 232–33, 243, 250, 278–80, 281, 286; opposition to public funding, 148–49, 212; poisoning of alcohol, 148; research into alcoholism, 271; taxes for sobriety programs, 62, 134. See also laws and legislation; Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment); prisons/jails; “war on drugs” (1980s)
Grapevine. See AA Grapevine (newsletter)
Griffith, Fayette, 151, 152
Handbook on the Treatment of Alcoholism (Bradley), 243
Handsome Lake, 3, 5–9, 16, 17, 18, 22–23, 139, 159, 286, 289; Gaiwiio (Good Word), 9, 48, 286, 292n1 (ch. 1); rejection of alcohol, 20–22, 26, 159; relationship with whites, 18–19
Hargreaves, Frederick B., 99–103, 108, 298n29
Harris, Robert, 103, 104
Harrison, Ray, 233
Harrison, William Henry, 16, 33
Harrisson, David, Jr., 65, 67–68, 70
Hartford Insurance Group, 251
Harvard Medical School, 263, 273
Havens, F. M., 103–4
Hawkins, Ann, 29, 30
Hawkins, Hannah, 29–30
Hawkins, John H. W., 24–25, 28–37, 39, 40, 50–53, 119, 159
Hawkins, William George, 25, 39
Hayden, Carl M., 141; Hayden bill, 141, 142
Hazard, Rowland, 157
Hazelden rehabilitation facility (Center City, Minnesota), 239, 240–42, 245–46, 248, 250, 257, 259
Heath, John R., 113–14
Heavy Drinking: The Myth of Alcoholism as a Disease (Fingarette), 261–62
Hegner, George H., 113, 114
Hemsley, Rollie, 192–93
Henderson, Ralph McComb “Lefty,” 215, 221–22
Home for the Fallen (Boston), 63–64
Hospital for Dipsomaniacs and Inebriates (Foxborough, Massachusetts), 137–39, 148, 245. See also Norfolk State Hospital (Massachusetts)
hospitals: and AA, 175, 215, 217–19, 264; alcoholics in mental institutions, 154, 156, 242–43; alcoholism wards in, 134, 135, 205, 258; conducting research on alcoholism, 248–49; denial of treatment to alcoholics, 2, 174–75, 215–18, 223; development of, to treat alcoholism, 54, 62, 63, 72; and managed care, 259–60; profits vs. treatment, 259; during Prohibition, 147–48; sober alcoholics as staff, 219, 278; state-run, 136–37, 147, 148; treating alcoholics, 63, 83, 108, 111, 133, 135, 138, 155, 215–20, 221, 229, 262, 266, 267, 278. See also specific hospitals
Hudson, Henry, 10
Hughes, Harold E., 230–35, 250, 278
Hughes bill, 233–35, 250, 278
Hull, Charles, 77
Hull House, 77
Hutt, Peter, 233
hypnotism/hypnotic suggestion, as therapy for alcoholism, 122, 124–25, 129, 131
I Am Not Anonymous (IANA), 284
Illinois State Temperance League, 100, 102
I’m Dysfunctional, You’re Dysfunctional: The Recovery Movement and Other Self-Help Fashions (Kaminer), 261
Independent Order of Good Samaritans, 49
Independent Order of Good Templars, 49–50, 70–71
“Indian,” use of term, 292n2 (ch. 1)
Indian nations: and AA, 253; and abuse of alcohol, 7–8, 11–13; colonists/settlers’ use of alcohol as weapon against, 15–17, 140; devastated by alcohol, 13–14, 15–16, 140; and laws against sale of alcohol, 14–16, 21, 140; and peyote use, 139, 140–42; rejection of alcohol, 14, 15, 17–18, 20–22. See also specific individuals and nations
An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits (Rush), 61, 62
institutions for alcoholics: farms, 135, 148; homes, 3, 71, 76, 149, 217, 278. See also asylums
insurance coverage: of addiction treatment, 280–81; denial of, to alcoholics, 250–51, 276, 280; and managed care, 260; provided to alcoholics, 251; from temperance societies, 49, 50
Iowa Comprehensive Alcoholism Program, 231
Ireland, temperance movement in, 38
Iroquois Confederacy, and alcohol abuse, 3, 5, 10, 13, 15, 21, 22, 26, 48, 286; encounters with whites, 19, 22, 139–40
“Is This Why You Drink?” (article), 132–33
Jackson, Andrew, 25–26, 46
Jackson, Charles, 203, 204–5
Jacoby, Ernest, 126, 127
Jacoby Club, 126, 127, 149
James, William, 159
Jefferson, Thomas, 16
Jeffersonian Home (Philadelphia), 77
Jellinek, E. M., 211–12, 221, 222, 226, 227–29, 230, 267, 270
Jesuits, 10, 12
Jewell, Dick, 225
John Barleycorn (London), 120
Johnson, Lyndon, 232, 235, 257
Johnson, Vernon, 248–50, 279
Johnson, William, 15
Johnson Institute, 248, 249–50; Johnson Institute Foundation, 279
Josselyn, John, 14
Journal of the American Medical Association, 230, 275
Journal of the American Temperance Union, 44, 45
Kaminer, Wendy, 260–61
Kanigut, Aucus al, 15
Keeley, Leslie E., 99, 100–106, 108–10, 111–12, 124, 286, 298n29
Keeley Cure (gold cure/double chloride of gold), 100, 101–6, 108–9, 111, 1
23, 124, 286, 299n39
Keeley Institute, 100–101, 103, 104–5, 109–14, 123, 149
Keeley League, 110–12, 113, 123, 174
Keller, John, 244
Kemp, Jimmy, 143
Kemper, James S., Jr., 235, 251
Kemper Insurance Company, 251
Kendall, Don, 235
Kennedy, Josiah F., 136
Kings County Home (Brooklyn, New York), 77
Kiowa, 140
Kirkpatrick, Jean, 254
Kishline, Audrey, 266, 268–70
Knickerbocker Hospital (New York City), 218–19
Koob, George, 271, 272
Kurtz, Ernest, 269
Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, rehabilitation program, 224–25
Lady Mount Vernon Temperance Benevolent Society, 37
LaFlesche, Francis, 141
Law, Robert A., 70
laws and legislation: to aid substance abusers (parity bills), 258, 280, 281; in Canada, 12; against drinking, 10–12; among Indian nations, 14–15; in Kansas, 116; law enforcement against alcoholics, 65, 258; in Massachusetts, 12, 50–51; in New Netherlands, 12; against sale of alcohol, 119, 146. See also alcoholics: punishment of; Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment); specific legislation
Lawson, John, 14
Leshner, Allan I., 271
Lincoln, Abraham, 40–43
liquor industry, 40, 97, 116, 203; bans or curbs on sale of, 104, 119, 163–64; illegal sale of alcohol, 140, 147; taxes on sale of alcohol, 55, 60, 134. See also Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment)
Little, Henry, 88
London, Charmian, 120
London, Jack, 120
The Lost Weekend (Jackson novel), 203, 204–5
The Lost Weekend (film), 203–5
Madsen, William, 263
Maine Law, 119–20. See also Prohibition
“Manhattan,” meaning of word, 10
Mann, Marty, 206–9, 210–11, 212–16, 217, 219, 224, 225–26, 233, 299
Manual on Alcoholism (AMA publication), 230
Marsh, John, 25, 38, 44, 46
Marsh, William, 103
Marshall, Thomas F., 118–19
Martha Washington Home, 77
Martha Washington societies (Marthas), 37–38, 48
Massachusetts Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, 282
Massachusetts Society for the Suppression of Intemperance, 26
Mather, Increase, 2
Matthew, Theobald, 38
McAuley, Jerry, 84–92, 98, 159, 286
McCambridge, Mercedes, 232
McCarthy, Ray, 211
McLellan, A. Thomas, 275, 276–78, 282
McComb, Samuel, 121
Medill, Joseph, 104–5, 107
Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (2008 legislation), 281
Men Who Have Won (Jacoby Club report), 127
Methodists, 61, 117
Methomania (Day), 66
Miamis, 13, 16
Milans, Henry F., 144–45
military, and alcoholism, 223–25, 239, 253
Milland, Ray, 204
Mines, John Flavel, 108
Mingoes, 14
Minnesota Hospital Farm for Inebriates (Willmar), 135, 148, 242–48
Minnesota Inebriate Asylum (Rochester), 134
“Minnesota model,” 246, 252, 259, 274. See also Hazelden rehabilitation facility (Center City, Minnesota)
Mitchell, William K., 31, 43, 44, 118
Moderation Management, 266, 269–70; vs. AA, 269
Molloy, Paul, 278
Mooney, James, 141
Moore, Harold H., 209
Morton, Thomas, 11
motivational enhancement therapy (MET), 274
Mount Pleasant State Hospital (Iowa), 136
Moyers, William Cope, 285
Munsee, 10
Murphy, Francis, 97–99, 174
Narcotics Anonymous (NA), 256
Narcotics Anonymous (publication), 256
Nation, Carry, 115–17, 120, 263
Nation, David, 116
National Committee for Education on Alcoholism (NCEA), 205–6, 210, 212–15, 216–17, 219, 220, 221–22, 224, 225–26, 229. See also Mann, Marty
National Committee on Alcoholism. See National Council on Alcoholism (NCA)
National Council on Alcoholism (NCA), 226, 268, 278
National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD), 268, 269
National Institute of Mental Health, 234, 250
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 233, 234, 250, 267, 273–74
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 271
The Natural History of Alcoholism (Vaillant), 273
Neal Institute, 112
Neff, Irwin H., 137–39, 148
Neolin, 17
New Thought, 123, 124
New York City Board of Inebriety, 134–35, 139
New York Organ (newspaper), 49
New York State Inebriate Asylum, 55–56, 71–76, 77, 83, 134
New York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services, 282
NIAAA. See National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Nixon, Richard, 232, 235
Norfolk State Hospital (Massachusetts), 148
Norris, Charles, 148
Norwich State Hospital and Farm (Connecticut), 135, 148
Obama, Barack, administration of, 281–82
O’Brien, Charles P., 275
Office of National Drug Control Policy. See White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)
Oliver, Isaac, 49
Oliver, John, 49
Ollapod Club, 75–76
Olson, Nancy, 234, 235
Oneida, 21
Onondagas, 9, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23
Oppenheimer Institute, 112
opioid addiction, 272, 275, 282, 286
Ottawas, 11, 18
Oxford Group, 157–58, 160, 162, 163, 168, 169, 171, 176–78; alcoholics vs. nonalcoholics in, 180–81; Catholics in, 182; disagreement with Clevelanders, 182, 188; four spiritual practices of, as seed of AA, 183; religious nature of, 168, 176–77, 179–80, 182. See also Calvary Episcopal Church (New York City)
Oxford House, 278
Pace, Nicholas A., 268
Paine, Thomas, 58
Palmer, John W., 71, 74–76
Paramount Pictures, 203
Parker, Arthur C., 292n1 (ch. 1)
Parker, Cynthia, 139
Parker, Dorothy, 206
Parker, Quanah, 139, 140–41
Parker, Willard, 73–74, 77–78, 80
Parkhurst, Henry, 185, 186, 187, 188
Parrish, Joseph, 77–81, 82, 83, 216
Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, 282
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) (2010 legislation), 281
Peabody, Richard, 211
Peart, William, 145–46
Peele, Stanton, 269
peer counseling, 160–61, 244
Pelosi, Nancy, 281
Penn, William, 14
Pennsylvania Sanitarium for Inebriates, 77, 79
peyote, as cure for alcoholism, 139–42
“Phases of Alcohol Addiction” (Jellinek), 227, 230
physicians, 59, 78, 211, 216–17, 229, 260, 275, 276. See also American Medical Association (AMA); hospitals
Pickford, Mary, 206
Pike, Thomas P., 235
Pills Anonymous, 256
Pitcairne, Archibald, 56
“Plan for an Asylum for Drunkards to be called Sober House” (Rush), 61
Pollock, Henry M., 135
Pontiac, 15, 17
Post, Sara, 217
Post-Shaker Sanitarium (East Cleveland), 217
Potsmokers Anonymous, 256
Potter, Milton G., 229
prisons/jails, 3, 34–35, 51, 63–64, 86, 92, 111, 134–35, 258, 286. See also alcoholism: punishment vs. treatment; asylums; drunk driving; government, federal and local; laws and legislation
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br /> Progressive Era, 121, 134
Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment), 2, 92, 117, 119, 146–49, 154, 162, 192, 204, 206, 208–9, 286
prohibitionism, 41, 45, 49–51, 77, 80, 82, 92, 96, 97, 104, 116–20. See also laws and legislation; Maine law; Nation, Carry; Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment); temperance movement; Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Project MATCH, 273, 274
Prudential Insurance Company, 251
psychology/psychiatry, 122–23, 124, 128, 130–31, 133–34, 186, 187, 209, 216, 243, 245; confinement of alcoholics, 260; effectiveness of, to treat alcoholism, 213, 241, 263–64, 274; psychological problems of alcoholics, 130, 132–33, 209, 211; rejection of alcoholics as patients, 2, 216; sober alcoholics as counselors, 243, 244; to treat alcoholism, 65, 77, 132, 137–38, 207, 217; view of alcoholism as illness, 121–22, 216, 226, 228, 243; view of alcoholism as incurable, 216, 266–67. See also alcoholism: as disease
Puritans, 2, 11
Pursch, Joseph, 237, 238, 239
Quakers, 6, 9, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 61
Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 211, 220
Quarterly Journal of Inebriety, 83, 211
Quimby, Phineas Parkhurst, 122, 124
Rand, Thomas, 138–39
RAND Corporation, 267
RAND Report, 267; criticism of, 267–68
Rational Recovery, 255
Rechabites, 49
recovery, 79, 82, 91, 183, 187, 216, 247, 276, 287; acceptance of addiction as necessary for, 273; desire to become sober and, 124, 245; humanitarian attitude, 3, 51, 121, 252; and peer support, 91, 175, 211, 244; as process, 272–73, 277–78; rates of, 283; and religion, 85, 166, 169, 286; use of medication, 224. See also Alcoholics Anonymous (AA); hospitals; recovery movement; twelve-step programs
recovery movement, 82, 254–56, 261, 264, 265, 266–67, 269–70, 278–82, 283–86, 287. See also self-help movement; specific groups
Red Jacket, 20, 22
Red Ribbon Club, 96–97, 98
religion: and recovery, 3, 26, 48, 68, 85, 86, 88–92, 130–31, 157–59, 169–70, 230, 286; in alcoholics’ groups, 39, 67, 121, 176, 178, 182, 197; atheist/agnostic addiction groups, 255; among Native Americans, 21, 48, 139–41, 292n1 (ch. 1); opposition to, for recovery, 44, 185–86; religious restrictions in alcoholics’ groups, 39, 182. See also Alcoholics Anonymous (AA); Christianity; Oxford Group
Religion and Medicine (Worcester), 130–31
Remaking a Man: One Successful Method of Mental Retrofitting (Baylor), 128–30
Research Council on Problems of Alcohol (RCPA), 208–9, 210, 211
Reynolds, Henry A., 93–97, 174
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., endorsement of AA, 192, 193
Roosevelt, Theodore, 121
Rush, Benjamin, 57–63, 65, 66, 117, 209, 213
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