The Weight of Shadows
Page 23
Chapter 11: Streamline
Page 204: Rise in federal sentences due to immigration criminalization: Michael T. Light, Mark Hugo Lopez, and Ana Gonzalez-Barrera, “The Rise of Federal Immigration Crimes,” Hispanic Trends, Pew Research Center, March 18, 2014, http://www.pewhispanic.org/2014/03/18/the-rise-of-federal-immigration-crimes.
Pages 205 and 206: Rape: “Most Dangerous Journey: What Central American Migrants Face When They Try to Cross the Border,” Human Rights Now Blog, February 20, 2014, Amnesty International, http://blog.amnestyusa.org/americas/most-dangerous-journey-what-central-american-migrants-face-when-they-try-to-cross-the-border. Sexual violence against field hands: “Rape in the Fields,” Frontline, PBS, June 25, 2013, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-in-the-fields.
Page 207: Quote from Fusion: Erin Siegal McIntyre and Deborah Bonello, “Is Rape the Price to Pay for Migrant Women Chasing the American Dream?,” Fusion, September 10, 2014, http://fusion.net/story/17321/is-rape-the-price-to-pay-for-migrant-women-chasing-the-american-dream. Heterogeneity of rapists: W. L. Marshall and H. E. Barbaree, “Integrated Theory of Etiology of Sexual Offending,” in Handbook of Sexual Assault: Issues, Theories, and Treatment of the Offender (New York: Plenum Press, 1990), 257–75.
Page 209: Secure Communities: Kate Linthicum, “Obama Ends Secure Communities Program as Part of Immigration Action,” Los Angeles Times, November 21, 2014; “Secure Communities,” US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, http://www.ice.gov/secure-communities.
JOSÉ ORDUÑA was born in Córdoba, Veracruz, and immigrated to Chicago when he was two. At nine, he and his parents traveled to Ciudad Juárez and filed for permanent residency under section 245(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Having entered the United States with a tourist visa, which had since expired, they were considered “removable aliens.” In 2010, Orduña applied for naturalization and, in July of 2011, was sworn in as a citizen. He is a graduate of the Nonfiction Writing Program at the University of Iowa and is active in Latin American solidarity.
Beacon Press
Boston, Massachusetts
www.beacon.org
Beacon Press books are published under the auspices of the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations.
© 2016 by José Orduña
All rights reserved
Text design and composition by Wilsted & Taylor Publishing Services
Cover design: Bob Kosturko
Cover photo: Laurel Fantauzzo
Some names and other identifying characteristics of people mentioned in this work have been changed to protect their identities.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Orduna, Jose.
Title: The weight of shadows : a memoir of immigration and displacement / Jose Orduna.
Description: Boston : Beacon Press, [2016] | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015031583 | ISBN 978-0-8070-7401-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 978-0-8070-7402-2 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Mexican Americans—Biography. | Immigrants—United States—Social conditions—21st century. | Hispanic Americans—Civil rights. | Hispanic Americans—Social conditions—21st century. | United States—Emigration and immigration—Social aspects.
Classification: LCC E184.M5 O76 2016 | DDC 973/.046872—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015031583