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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Atwater, Montgomery M. The Avalanche Hunters. Philadelphia: Macrae Smith Company, 1968.
Black, Andy, and Chuck Hampton. The 10th Recon/MTG. Privately printed, 1996.
Bradley, Charles C. Aleutian Echoes. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 1994.
Brower, David, ed. The Manual of Ski Mountaineering. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1942.
———. For Earth’s Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith Publisher, 1990.
———. Remount Blue: The Combat Story of the 3d Battalion, 86th Mountain Infantry. Privately printed, 1948.
Burton, Hal. The Ski Troops. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971.
Cohen, Stan. A Pictorial History of Downhill Skiing. Missoula, Mont.: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1985.
Dole, Charles Minot. “Birth Pains of the 10th Mountain Division.” Unpublished speech, 1946. 10th Mountain Division Collection, Denver Public Library.
Dulles, Allen. The Secret Surrender. New York: Harper and Rowe, 1966.
Dusenbery, Harris. The Northern Apennines and Beyond with the 10th Mountain Division. Portland, Ore.: Binford and Mort Publishing, 1978.
———. Ski The High Trail, World War II Ski Troops in the High Colorado Rockies. Portland, Ore.: Binford and Mort Publishing, 1991.
Fire on the Mountain. Directed and produced by Beth and George Gage, First Run Features Home Video, 1995.
Harrer, Heinrich. The White Spider. London: Harper Collins, 1958.
Imbrie, John, and Hugh Evans. Good Times and Bad Times, A History of C Company 85th Mountain Infantry Regiment 10th Mountain Division. Quechee, Vt.: Vermont Heritage Press, 1995.
Jay, Lt. John C. History of the Mountain Training Center. Army Ground Forces Study No. 24, 1944. 10th Mountain Division Collection, Denver Public Library.
Keegan, John. The Face of Battle. New York: Viking Press, 1995.
Lund, Morten. “The 10th Mountain Miracle.” Skiing Heritage: The Journal of the International Skiing History Association, Vol. 7, No. 2 (fall 1995).
Lunday, Philip, and Charles Hampton. The Tramway Builders, A Brief History of Company D, 126th Engineer Mountain Battalion. Printed privately, 1994.
Mauldin, Bill. This Damn Tree Leaks. Reprinted from Stars and Stripes, 1945.
Pfeifer, Friedl, with Morten Lund. Nice Goin’: My Life on Skis. Missoula, Mont.: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1993.
Poschman, Harry. The Birth and Death of the 10th Mountain. Unpublished memoir, 1983.
Putnam, William L.. Green Cognac: The Education of a Mountain Fighter. New York: American Alpine Club, 1991.
Ringholz, Raye. On Belay! The Life of Legendary Mountaineer Paul Petzoldt. Seattle: Mountaineers Books, 1998.
Ski Patrol. Directed and produced by John Jay, John Jay Films, 1943. Denver Public Library, 10th Mountain Division Collection.
The Sun Valley Skiers. Directed and produced by David Butterfield, Centennial Entertainment, Ketchum, ID, 2000.
Ullman, James Ramsey. High Conquest: The Story of Mountaineering. New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1941.
Von Senger und Etterlin, Generalleutnant Fridolin. “War Diaries.” Unpublished, 1945. Denver Public Library, 10th Mountain Division Collection.
Whitlock, Flint, and Bob Bishop. Soldiers on Skis: A Pictorial Memoir of the 10th Mountain Division. Boulder, Colo.: Paladin Press, 1992.
Winter Warriors. Written and produced by Martin Gillan, A&E Television Networks, 2001.
Woody, Robert. Charlie Red One, Over and Out. Privately Printed, 1995. Denver Public Library, 10th Mountain Division Collection.
INDEX
Aerial tramways, 234
Afrika Korps, 80, 112
Aleutian Echoes (Bradley), 30, 34–35, 42
Aleutian Islands, 43, 56–57, 58, 69–82
campaign for, see Attu, battle for recapture of; Kiska, recapture of Aleutian Task Force 9, 71, 72
Alexander, Sir Harold, 119, 120, 203
alpine (downhill) skiing, 8, 31, 33
Alpini, 15, 39, 63, 124, 253
Alps:
environmental degradation of, 240–41
Hitler’s rumored final defense in, 173, 174, 190–91, 203, 208
mountaineering in, 52, 87, 88, 221
Rockies vs., 218
10th Mountain campaign in, see Garda Lake, 10th Mountain campaign on
10th Mountain in, 218–24
World War I battles and, 39, 62–63, 199
Alta ski resort (Utah), 235
altitude sickness, 59, 60
American Alpine Club, 53
American Red Cross, NSPS and, 15
American Revolution, 12
Anderson & Thompson Ski Company, 233
Anschluss, 12, 33
antipersonnel mines, 122–23, 148, 179–80
Anzio, 119, 160
Apennine Mountains:
appearance of, 123
battles in, see Craftsman, Operation; Encore, Operation
Italian villages in, 1, 123–24
Argentina, 117, 118
Arlberg School (Austrian ski school), 17, 18, 30
Army, U.S.:
and need for mountain division, 22, 24–25
point system in, 220
publications of, 97, 100–101, 114, 156, 163, 168–69, 213
radio of, 173, 208
segregation in, 121, 172
ski patrols of, 20–21, 22, 31
10th Mountain reorganized by, 107–9
training films of, 49–50, 51, 112–13 and winter warfare, 13
Arno River Line, 119
Aspen, Colo.:
development and popularity of, 226–29, 230–31, 234, 249
as mining town, 97, 102, 103–4
as nascent ski resort, 97, 101–2, 103–4, 182, 225–26
10th Mountain off-duty skiing in, 97–104
Aspen Mountain, 97, 102–3, 226, 228–29, 230
Aspen Ski Club, 226
Aspen Skiing Corporation, 228
Assault Climbing School (W.Va.), 136
atomic bomb, 224
Attu:
battle for recapture of, 56, 69–70, 71
Japanese garrisoned on, 56, 57, 58, 69–79
Atwater, Monty, 252
Auschwitz concentration camp, 218
Austin, Tex., 111, 113
Austria:
Nazi takeover of, 12, 33
surrender of German troops in, 203
10th Mountain in, 221, 222–23
avalanches:
control of, 252
as military weapon, 62–63, 252
and MTG’s Aspen hike, 98–99
10th Mountain’s training and climbing sessions and, 100–101
Axis Sally, 171
Badoglio, Pietro, 80, 92
Bagni di Lucca, 4, 123
Bankart, Debbie, 51, 52, 53–54, 157–58
Basic Principles of Skiing, The, 49–50
Bastrop, Tex., 106, 110
battle shock, 162, 165
Bedayan, Raffi, 221
Belgium, Nazi occupation of, 18
Benedict, Fabi, 250
Benedict, Fritz, 189, 190, 229, 240
postwar career of, 229, 249–51
Bennett, Nelson, 31
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 194, 218
Berlin, Soviet troops on outskirts of, 173, 194
Bingham, Roy, 155
Birth and Death of the 10th Mountain, The (Poschman), 62
“Birth Pains of the 10th Mountain Division” (Dole), 11, 253
Black, Andy, 85
Blaise, William, 155
Blanc, Mont, 221
Blizzard, The, 100–101, 114, 168–69, 213
Bologna, Italy, 120, 121, 158, 176, 185
Bowerman, Bill, postwar career of, 247–48, 250
Bradley, Charles, 30, 34–35, 38, 39, 42
Braun, Eva, 208
Brazilian Expeditionary Force (BEF), 121, 177
Brelsford, Corporal, 62
Brenner Pass, 191, 198, 210
Bright, Alex, 8, 30
Britain, Battle of, 27–28
Bromaghin, Ralph, 36
Brower, David, 19, 24, 84–85, 86, 87, 88, 95, 99, 113, 122, 123, 128, 136, 143–44, 166, 175–76, 180–81, 185, 186, 197–98, 200–202, 204–6, 208, 210–11, 214, 219, 221–22
environmental concerns and projects of, 240–44, 250
Sierra Club and, 23, 84, 239, 242, 243, 246, 250
Brown, Bill “Sarge,” 231, 232
Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), 3, 4, 5, 6
Brown Palace Hotel (Denver), 102
Buchenwald concentration camp, 194
Burkett, Douglas, 22
Burma, in World War II, 106, 114, 138, 194
Buttermilk Mountain (Colo.), 230
Butterwick, Lt., 205–6
Camp Hale, 4, 38, 45–46, 66–67, 245, 254
drawbacks of, 54–55
in movies, 50, 53
Camp Hale Ski-Zette, 97
Camp Swift, 107–16, 139
drawbacks of, 106, 110, 111
Canada, 12–13
and Aleutian Task Force 9, 71
Canadian Rockies, Columbia Icefields of, 95
Cash, W. J., 11
Castel d’Aiano, Italy, 158–59
Catskill Mountains, 179
chairlifts, 16, 139, 227, 228–29, 234
Charlie Red One, Over and Out (Woody), 112
Charlotte News, 11
Chasseurs Alpins, 15
Churchill, Winston, 42, 91, 92, 118
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 17, 21
Clark, Earl, 255
Clark, Mark, 80, 92, 119, 120, 121, 176, 184, 185, 188, 190–91
Cold War, 174
Colorado Outward Bound School, 245–46
Complete Book of Running, The (Fixx), 247
concentration camps, 194, 218
Craftsman, Operation, 158, 166, 176–91
Allied bombing in, 178, 180
casualties in, 181–82, 183, 184
components of, 176
first day of, 176–78, 181
German army in, 179–80, 181–82, 186, 187, 189–90
German positions breached in, 183–84
grudging respect for enemy in, 183
Italian villagers welcoming in, 186–87
mines in, 179–80
orders to stop disregarded in, 184–88
Po crossing in, 188–90
prisoners in, 181, 182, 184, 185, 188, 190
speed of, 184–86, 190
terrain in, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184
cross-country skiing, 17, 96, 249–51
Currie, Ed, 255
Czechoslovakia, 12
Dachau concentration camp, 218
Darby, William O., 208, 214
Dardagna River, 126, 127, 131, 139
Dartmouth College, ski team at, 5, 18, 25, 32–33, 231
D-Day, 120
buildup toward, 92, 106
see also Overlord, Operation Delany, Art, 255
Democrat, Mount, 100–101
Denali, The, 81
Denver, Colo., 102
Denver Post, The, 229
Depression, Great, ski boom in, 16–18
Devils Tower, search and rescue at, 244–45
Dinosaur National Monument, 242
Dole, Charles Minot “Minnie,” 228
NSPS founded by, 14–15, 66
skiing manual compiled by, 18
10th Mountain and, 8, 11, 13–26, 38, 39, 46–48, 52, 53, 54, 58, 64, 71, 104, 108, 115, 116, 141, 142, 239, 253
Dole, Robert J., 182
Dolomites, 10th Mountain in, 218–24
Dragoon, Operation, 120
Duke, Ben, 231, 238
DUKWs (“ducks”), 190, 200, 202, 206, 207, 209
Dulles, Allen, 174
Dunaway, Bil, 231
Dunkirk evacuation, 27
DuPont, 89
Dusenbery, Harris, 105–6, 207, 208, 217–18
Eagle and the Hawk, The, 252
Earth Island Institute, 243
Eddy, Roger, 76
Eiger Nordwand, ascent of, 87, 88
Eighth Army, British, 80, 92, 106, 119, 120, 158, 176, 203, 220
85th Infantry Division, U.S., 171, 178, 184, 188, 189
85th Mountain Infantry Regiment, U.S., 54, 67, 104, 141
1st Battalion of, 197
in Lake Garda campaign, 195–97, 206
motto of, ix
in Operation Craftsman, 176–78, 181–83, 189, 190
in Operation Encore, 116, 117, 141, 144–45, 146–47, 151–52, 153, 154–56, 159, 162–64, 172
2nd battalion of, 153
86th Mountain Infantry Regiment, U.S., 54, 67, 104, 116, 117, 122, 126–28
1st Battalion of, 127, 128, 131–41, 144, 150
in Lake Garda campaign, 197–98, 199–203, 204–6, 207–8, 210–11, 213, 214
motto of, ix
in Operation Craftsman, 176–78, 181, 190
in Operation Encore, 126–28, 131–41, 144, 150, 153, 156, 158–59
2nd Battalion of, 128, 131–41, 153, 199–203, 207
3rd Battalion of, 129, 143–44, 156, 182–83, 197–98, 202, 204–6, 207, 210–11, 213
87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, U.S., 1–6, 29–56, 104, 116, 117, 125
1st Battalion of, 206–7
Glee Club of, 36–37, 93–94
Kiska deployment of, see Kiska, recapture of
Lake Garde campaign and, 94–95, 206–7, 213
motto of, ix, 109
official launching of, 25–26
in Operation Craftsman, 176–78, 181, 184, 188–90
in Operation Encore, 1–6, 125, 129, 140, 144–45, 153–54, 158–62
Rainier ski expedition of, 38–42, 59–60, 61
skiing style taught at, 34–35
temporary base for, 29–42, 48, 50, 52, 53, 66
88-mm cannons, 199–200, 202, 205, 208, 209
dud shells of, 215
88th Infantry Division, U.S., 171, 178, 184, 197–98, 210, 217
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 92, 108, 173, 194
Eldredge, Newc, 122, 235, 238
Elisha, Laurence, 101–2, 226
Elvrum, John, 234
Emerson, Dick, 88
Encore, Operation, 1–6, 125–29
billeting in, 2, 124, 125
casualties prior to, 122–23
German propaganda and, 123, 175–76
“limited offensive” in, see “limited offensive”
loot taken in, 156–57, 172–73
Monte Gorgolesco and Monte Belvedere in, see Monte Gorgolesco, capture of
Monte Torraccia captured in, 153, 156, 158, 171, 181
patrols in, 2–6, 124–25
purpose of, 120–21
respite in, 156, 157–58
Riva Ridge in, see Riva Ridge, taking of
strategy in, 128–29, 144
weather and terrain in, 125, 133–34
Engl, Sigi, 49, 66, 183, 221
Evans, Hugh, 151–52, 155, 181, 238, 255
postwar career of, 239
Face of Battle, The (Keegan), 87, 151, 214
Fanano, Italy, 126, 135
Fifth Army, U.S., 80, 92, 106, 119, 120, 121, 158, 160, 176, 184, 190–91, 215, 220
53rd Combat Team, U.S. (Alaska Defense command), 71
film industry, 48–50
Finland, Winter War and, 8–11, 15, 19, 58, 96
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br /> Finn, Skip, 100–101
Finns, in Watersmeet, Mich., 96
Fire on the Mountain, 36, 237, 256
1st Armored Division, U.S., 177
1st Division, U.S., 20
1st Special Service Force, U.S.-Canadian, 71
Fischer, Bob, 152, 155
Fixx, James, 247
Florence, 119, 121, 168
10th Mountain visits to, 170–71
Folgaria, 219
For Earth’s Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower (Brower), 87, 113
Forest Service, U.S., 53, 250
Fort Drum, 254
Fort Lewis, 25, 27, 29, 48, 50
Fort Ord (Calif.), 67–70
4th (Eidelweiss) Mountain Battalion, German, 126, 140
14th Army, German, defeat of, see
Craftsman, Operation; Encore, Operation
14th Panzer Division, German, 183
41st Division, U.S., 21
41st Mountain Division, German, 183
44th Division, U.S., 20–21
442nd Regimental Combat Team, U.S., 176
France, Nazi occupation of, 18, 28
see also D-Day; Dragoon, Operation
French and Indian War, 12
Friends of the Earth, 243
Frontpost, 175–76
frostbite, 60, 61, 99
Gabriel, Peter, 39, 41, 64, 85, 95
Garda Lake, 197, 198–99
Garda Lake, 10th Mountain campaign on, 193–211
artillery in, 198–200, 202, 204–6, 207, 208, 209
battles for Spiazzi and Torbole in, 206–7
casualties in, 202, 204–6, 207–8, 214
DUKW’s used in, 200, 202, 206, 209
German resistance on road to, 194–96
loot taken in, 196–97, 213
morale in, 202–3
objective of, 191, 200, 201
prisoners taken in, 195, 196
tunnels and galleries in, 199, 200, 202, 204–6
weather conditions in, 198–99, 206
wooden barges in, 207
Gargnano, Italy, 199, 206
Geelan, Thomas, 224
German army:
blitzkrieg and, 9, 12, 13
mountain troops of, 4–5, 13, 15, 18, 39, 63, 121, 183
“never surrender” mentality of, 80
propaganda directed at 10th Mountain by, 123, 175, 216
in Soviet Union invasion, 24, 26, 28
surrender of, in Italy and southern Austria, 173–74, 203, 208, 210, 216–18
Germany, Nazi:
Allied bombing of, 56
genocidal policies of, 91, 194, 218
Hitler’s call for infrastructure destruction of, 92, 193–94
Soviet nonaggression pact with, 9, 28
Climb to Conquer Page 25