by Larry Minear
34. Ibid.
35. Interview, South Ryegate, Vermont, January 17, 2007.
36. Telephone interview, May 25, 2007.
37. An examination of the leadership provided by veterans from Iraq to antiwar efforts is the subject of Matthew Gutmann and Catherine Lutz, Breaking Ranks: Iraq Vets Speak Out Against the War (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010, in press).
38. In Yvonne Latty, In Conflict: Iraq War Veterans Speak Out on Duty, Loss, and the Fight to Stay Alive (Sausalito, CA: PoliPointPress, 2006), 16.
39. Peter Slevin, “After War Injury, an Iraq Vet Takes on Politics.” Washington Post, February 19, 2006.
40. “Kirk, Biggert Hearing on Improving Lives of Military Reservists,” Press Release, U.S. Congressman Mark S. Kirk website, March 22, 2005.
41. Ryan Aument Collection (AFC2001/001/62372), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
42. Anna Badken, “Volunteering for Duty: Veterans of the Iraq War Try to Complete Their Mission in a New Way: Charity,” Boston Globe, February 15, 2009.
43. Latty, In Conflict, 62.
44. Irene Sege, “Veterans take their war views to the trail: N.H. campaigning could have impact,” Boston Globe, October 17, 2008.
45. Thom Shanker, “Military Chief Warns Troops about Politics,” New York Times, May 26, 2008.
46. Bryan Bender, “VWF, American Legion Back Iraq War,” Boston Globe, August 16, 2007.
47. John McChesny, “Vets Groups Proliferate, along with Agendas,” National Public Radio, All Things Considered, April 4, 2007.
48. www.ivaw.org.
49. VetsForFreedom.org, accessed March 10, 2007.
50. http://www.sldn.org/.
51. Leslie Laufman, “Veterans’ Families Seek Aid for Caregiver,” New York Times, November 12, 2008.
52. Telephone interview, Nancy Lessin, cofounder, Military Families Speak Out, August 21, 2007.
53. Anthony Swofford, Foreword, in Iraq Veterans Against the War, and Aaron Glantz, Winter Soldier Iraq and Afghanistan: Eyewitness Accounts of the Occupations (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2008), ix.
54. Press Release, “Military Families Speak Out,” July 28, 2007.
55. Veterans History Project, Field Kit, Library of Congress (undated).
56. Craig Keys Collection (AFC2001/001/39063), manuscript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
57. As reported by his mother, Carole Welch. Interview, South Ryegate, Vermont, January 17, 2007.
58. Roxana Tiron, “Huckabee, Dems, to Meet Retired Officers on Torture,” The Hill, November 30, 2007. Also Holly Ramer, “Ex-Officers Brief Dems on Humane Tactics,” Associated Press, April 13, 2007.
59. Randall Mikkelsen, “Ex-Generals to Urge Obama Action on Torture Issue,” Reuters, December 2, 2008.
60. Sarah Sewall and John P. White, “The Civil-Military Challenge,” Boston Globe, January 29, 2009.
61. Brian Aria Collection (AFC2001/001/50457), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
Chapter 4: Coping with Unfamiliarity and Violence
1. Linda McHale Collection (AFC2001/001/47162), manuscript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
2. Julius Tulley in Yvonne Latty, In Conflict: Iraq War Veterans Speak Out on Duty, Loss, and the Fight to Stay Alive (Sausalito, CA: PoliPointPress, 2006), 112.
3. McHale Collection, VHP.
4. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism History Project, (March–September 2005, unpublished).
5. James Maddix Jr. Collection (AFC2001/001/30235), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
6. Aubrey Shea Youngs Collection (AFC2001/001/41857), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
7. Travis Fisher Collection (AFC2001/001/34140), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
8. Andrew Carroll, ed. Operation Homecoming: Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Home Front, in the Words of U.S. Troops and Their Families (New York: Random House, 2006), 108.
9. Jude Ferran Collection (AFC2001/001/30609), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
10. Michael Kamber, “As Allies Turn Foe, Disillusion Rises in Some G.I.’s,” New York Times, May 28, 2007.
11. “Warriors,” in “America at a Crossroads, PBS, aired April 2007.
12. Shawn Molloy Collection (AFC2001/001/46283), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
13. Pink, Bazzi, and Moriarty, The War Tapes.
14. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
15. Joelle Farrell, “Lessons of War,” Concord Monitor, October 3, 2006.
16. Interview, Brighton, Massachusetts, May 2, 2007.
17. Pink, Bazzi, and Moriarty, The War Tapes.
18. Ralph Riley Collection (AFC2001/001/43537), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
19. Joelle Farrell, “The Forgotten Five,” Concord Monitor, October 2, 2007.
20. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
21. Henry Lujan Collection (AFC2001/001/31394), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC
22. Jeffrey Bartling Collection (AFC2001/001/29443), manuscript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
23. Ryan Aument Collection (AFC2001/001/62372), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
24. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
25. Elizabeth Jensen, “From Brownstone to Baghdad, TV Crew Armed with Ingenuity,” New York Times, April 16, 2007.
26. Sabrina Tavernise, “In Life of Lies, Iraqis Conceal Work for U.S.: Desperate for Pay, but Fearing Reprisal,” New York Times, October 7, 2008.
27. Ernesto Londoro, “Ban on Masks Upsets Iraqi Interpreters,” Washington Post, November 17, 2008.
28. Dana Canedy, A Journal for Jordan: A Story of Love and Honor (New York: Crown Publishers, 2008), 96. For a description of a similar effort at Fort Polk, LA., see James Dao, “To Prepare for War, G.I.’s Get a Dress Rehearsal.” New York Times, November 29, 2009.
29. Paul Gregory Mayfield Collection (AFC2001/001/60193), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
30. David Rhode, “Army Enlists Anthropology in War Zones,” New York Times, October 5, 2007.
31. Ibid.
32. Bryan Bender, “Efforts to Aid U.S. Roil Anthropology,” Boston Globe, October 8, 2007.
33. Rhode, “Army Enlists Anthropology.” Brown University academic Michael Bhatia lost his life in Iraq as a member of one such team. See Adam Geller, “One Man’s Odyssey from Campus to Combat,” Associated Press, March 7, 2009.
34. Julia Preston, “U.S. Military Will Offer Path to Citizenship: Temporary Immigrants Are Program’s Focus,” New York Times, February 15, 2009.
35. Bryan Bender, “Foreigners Answer Call to U.S. Service: Military Efforts to Recruit Specialists Gets Big Response,” Boston Globe, March 1, 2009.
36. Julia Preston, “Thriving Military Recruitment Program Blocked,” New York Times, January 22, 2010. Pentagon efforts to increase the troops’ sensitivity to local mores were also undercut by its firing of scores of gay linguists from its own ranks. See Stephen Benjamin, “Don’t Ask, Don’t Translate,” New York Times, June 8, 2007.
37. C. W. Hogue et al., “Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan: Mental Health Problems and Barriers to Care,” New England Journal of Medicine 351, no. 1 (July 1, 2004). With the conflict in Iraq still at an early stage, the study’s sample involved more troops after duty in Afghanistan (1,962) than in Iraq (894).
38. Jay Craven and Robert Miller, After the Fog: Interviews with Combat Veterans (Barnet, VT: Kingdom County Productions, 2006). The portions quoted were transcribed and edited by the author and amplified in an interview with Pickett, and are used with permission.
39. Theresa Little Collection (AFC2001/001/57131), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
40. John Little Collection (AFC2001/001/30295), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
41. Pink, Bazzi, and Moriarty, The War Tapes.
42. Latty, In Conflict, 138.
43. Nicole Ferretti Collection (AFC2001/001/57083), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
44. Gregg Zoroya, “Soldier’s Deat
h Reflects Impact of Stress in the Ranks: Incidents Increase as Pentagon Extends Time Many Spend in Combat,” USA Today, January 13, 2009.
45. Mayfield Collection, VHP.
46. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
47. Mark Warnecke Collection (AFC2001/001/34941), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
48. Latty, In Conflict, 76.
49. The focus group, convened by the author, was held in the Bradford, Vermont, armory on November 13, 2006.
50. Matthew C. Burden, The Blog of War: Front-line Dispatches from Soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006), 125.
51. Christopher Walotka Collection (AFC2001/001/30268), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
52. Trevor Bradna Collection (AFC2001/001/47553), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
53. Carroll, Operation Homecoming, 68.
54. Jonathan Trouern-Trend, Birding in Babylon: A Soldier’s Journal from Iraq (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 2006): 9, 11, 12. His postings are archived at http://birdingbabylon.blogspot.com.
55. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
56. Carroll, Operation Homecoming, 128.
57. Sgt. Lorin T. Smith, “Texans Perform ‘Duty Day with God,’” On Guard, 36, no. 3 (March 2007): 13.
58. Jeffrey Bitcon, “Letter from Afghanistan: Some Notes about Ramadan,” Caledonian Record, October 3, 2005.
59. Carroll, Operation Homecoming, 337.
60. Ralan Hill Collection (AFC2001/001/43145), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
61. Stephanie Corcoran, “Year in Review,” November 20, 2006, correspondence with the author.
62. Ibid.
63. Latty, In Conflict, 47–48.
64. Eric Giles Collection (AFC2001/001/58906), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
65. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
66. Mayfield Collection, VHP.
67. Damian Budziszewski Collection (AFC2001/001/39092), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
68. Rick Mayes Collection (AFC2001/001/57132), manuscript (MS01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
Chapter 5: Wrestling with Ethical Issues
1. Joelle Farrell, “In Combat Brian Shelton Comes of Age,” Concord Monitor, October 1, 2006.
2. James Welch Collection (AFC2001/001/29065), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
3. Tyler Mueller Collection (AFC2001/001/15910), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
4. Steve Pink, Zack Bazzi, and Mike Moriarty, The War Tapes. Directed by Deborah Scranton and produced by Robert May (Senart Films, 2006).
5. Ibid.
6. Derek Sutton Collection (AFC2001/001/47344), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
7. Pink, Bazzi, and Moriarty, The War Tapes.
8. Yvonne Latty, In Conflict: Iraq War Veterans Speak Out on Duty, Loss, and the Fight to Stay Alive (Sausalito, CA: PoliPointPress, 2006), 132.
9. Theodor A. van Baarda and Desirée E. M. Verweij, eds., Military Ethics: The Dutch Approach—A Practical Guide (Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006), xiv
10. Pink, Bazzi, and Moriarty, The War Tapes.
11. Travis Fisher Collection (AFC2001/001/34140), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
12. Joelle Farrell, “Lessons of War,” Concord Monitor, October 3, 2006,
13. James Maddix Jr. Collection (AFC2001/001/27736), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
14. Ibid.
15. Welch Collection, VHP.
16. Eric Heath Collection (AFC2001/001/57086), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
17. David Brooks, “A Million Little Pieces,” New York Times, June 5, 2007.
18. Farrell, “War Stories: In Combat,” A6.
19. James Nappier Collection (AFC2001/001/43525), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
20. William Jones Collection (AFC2001/001/47486), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
21. Bobby Lee Lisek Collection (AFC2001/001/60191), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
22. Benedict Carey, “Stress on Troops Adds To U.S. Hurdles in Iraq,” New York Times, May 6, 2007. The survey of troops noted in Chapter 3 found that 1 percent of those sampled with combat experience in Afghanistan and 7 percent in Iraq reported having been responsible for the death of at least one non-combatant.
23. Thomas Ricks and Ann Scott Tyson, “Troops at Odds with Ethics Standards: Army Also Finds More Deployment Means More Mental Illness,” Washington Post, May 5, 2007.
24. Chris Hedges and Laila al-Arian, “The Other War: Iraq Vets Bear Witness,” The Nation, July 30, 2007, http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070730/hedges.
25. Ibid.
26. Maddix Jr. Collection, VHP.
27. “Warriors: What It Is Really Like To Be a Soldier in Iraq,” Public Broadcasting System, aired April 2007.
28. John McCary, “To the Fallen,” in Operation Homecoming: Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Home Front, in the Words of U.S. Troops and Their Families, ed. Andrew Carroll (New York: Random House, 2006), 300.
29. Pink, Bazzi, and Moriarty, The War Tapes.
30. Jay Craven and Robert Miller, After the Fog: Interviews with Combat Veterans, (Barnet, VT: Kingdom County Productions, 2006).
31. William Schelhouse Collection (AFC/2001/001/47506), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC
32. Blake Cole Collection (AFC2001/001/62554) video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
33. Maria Cochran Collection (AFC2001/001/62436) audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
34. William Yardley, “Trial Starts for Officer Who Refused to Go to Iraq,” New York Times, February 6, 2007. See also Jeremy Brecher and Brendan Smith, “Lt. Watada’s War Against the War,” Nation, June 26, 2006. On October 26, 2009, the Army allowed Watada to resign.
35. Latty, In Conflict, 169–170.
36. Ibid, 177. Mejía published a book in 2007 on his experiences, Road from ar Ramadi: The Private Rebellion of Staff Sergeant Camilo Mejía (New York: New Press), and has played a prominent role in the activities of veterans opposed to the Iraq war.
37. Bill Nichols, “8,000 Desert during the Iraq War,” USA Today, March 7, 2006.
38. Hedges and al-Arian, “The Other War.”
39. Paul Gregory Mayfield Collection (AFC2001/001/60193), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
40. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism History Project (March to September 2005, unpublished).
41. Correspondence dated March 7, 2007, from Ryan T. McCarthy to Anne Miller, director, New Hampshire Peace Action.
42. Mayfield Collection, VHP.
43. Heath Collection, VHP.
44. Quoted in Seymour M. Hersh, “The General’s Report: How Antonio Taguba, Who Investigated the Abu Ghraib Scandal, Became One of Its Casualties,” New Yorker, June 25, 2007.
45. Ibid., 69.
46. Mark Mazzeti, “Rules Lay Out C.I.A.’s Tactics in Questioning,” New York Times, July 21, 2007. Also Charlie Savage, “Bush Issues Orders on Interrogations,” Boston Globe, July 21, 2007.
47. Bob Woodward, “Detainee Tortured, Says U.S. Official,” Washington Post, January 14, 2009.
48. Carroll, Operation Homecoming, 292.
49. Pink, Bazzi, and Moriarty, The War Tapes.
50. Allison Steele, “After Suicide, Nothing but Questions,” Concord Monitor, June 26, 2005.
51. Mark LaChance, “War Makes Monsters of Us All,” in Warrior Writers: Move, Shoot, and Communicate, ed. Lovella Calica (Burlington, VT: Iraq Veterans Against the War, 2007), 14–15.
52. Latty, In Conflict, 157.
53. Charles White Collection (AFC2001/001/53770), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
Chapter 6: Winning Hearts and Minds
1. Jeremy Krug Collection (AFC2001/001/28682), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
2. Andrew Wells Collection (AFC2001/001/54819), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
3. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism History Proj
ect (March to September 2005, unpublished).
4. Benjamin Braden Collection (AFC2001/001/30610), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
5. Dennis Harvey Collection (AFC2001/001/38625), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
6. Rex Hendrix Collection (AFC2001/001/51205), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
7. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Chris McCann, “Iraqi, U.S. Soldiers Bring Smiles to Schools,” U.S. Central Command, April 4, 2007, dateline: Az Zaidon, Iraq.
11. Joelle Farrell, “Veterans Divided over War’s Politics,” Concord Monitor, October 1, 2006.
12. Shawn Molloy Collection (AFC2001/001/46283), audio recording (SR01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
13. James Machen Collection (AFC2001/001/21371), VHP, AFC, LOC.
14. Daniel Neville Collection (AFC2001/001/55035), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
15. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.
16. Jacqueline Mitchell, “The Major’s Got Wings: It Takes a Tender Veterinarian to Fix Iraq’s Poultry Industry,” Tufts Magazine (Spring 2008): 12–13.
17. Andrew Carroll, ed. Operation Homecoming: Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Home Front, in the Words of U.S. Troops and Their Families (New York: Random House, 2006), 68–69.
18. http://www.operationiraqichildren.org.
19. Joelle Farrell, “The Forgotten Five,” Concord Monitor, October 2, 2007, A6.
20. Eric March Collection (AFC2001/001/43154), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
21. Telephone interview, March 20, 2009.
22. Metz Duites Collection (AFC2001/001/58571), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
23. Linda McHale Collection (AFC2001/001/47162), transcript (MS04), VHP, AFC, LOC.
24. See, for example, New York Times, March 6, 2007, also August 15, 2007.
25. New Hampshire National Guard, 2006 Missions, CD.
26. Granite Guardian (Summer/Fall 2007): 10, 18.
27. Gregory Schulte Collection (AFC2001/001/30235), video recording (MV01), VHP, AFC, LOC.
28. Joelle Farrell, “War Stories: In Combat Brian Shelton Comes of Age,” Concord Monitor, October 1, 2006.
29. New Hampshire National Guard, Global War on Terrorism.