A-10s over Kosovo
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global positioning system (GPS), 194, 209, 211
Gnjilane (G-Town), Kosovo, 42–44, 113–14, 116–18, 279, 284
Gross, David E. “Devo,” 54, 203, 265, 294
Haave, Christopher E. “Kimos,” 1, 18, 21–23, 55–57, 67, 81, 102, 105, 121, 126–30, 137, 177, 186, 209, 233, 259, 265, 293–95, 299
Hamilton, Johnny L. “CBU,” 194–95, 234
Hammer 34, 38
hard deck, 30–31
Haun, Phil M. “Goldie,” 4, 25, 28, 40, 53, 69, 100, 109, 113, 115, 122, 128, 130, 133, 147, 212, 214, 231, 233, 295, 303
head-up display (HUD), 129, 155–57, 188, 210, 243, 289, 294
Heise, Craig “Walrus,” 36, 149, 269
Hendrix, John W., 149, 213
Hobbins, William T. “Tom,” 40, 232
Ide, Tay, 87
integrated-air-defense system (IADS), 3, 305, 310
isolated personnel report (ISOPREP), 215, 223, 225
Jackson, Jesse, 121
jammer, 23, 28–29, 234
Johnson, Colonel, 26, 153
Johnson, Richard A. “Scrape,” 111, 215, 218, 224, 228, 231, 240–42
Johnson, Stewart “Stu,” 23, 26, 152–53
joint air operations center (JAOC), 306
Jouas, Jan-Marc, 21, 39, 55, 71
Jumper, John P., 26, 84, 149, 232
Koechle, Mark “Coke,” 25, 111, 130, 149, 182, 211, 243–44
Kopacz, Joseph “Dice,” 171–72, 186–88, 192
Kosovo, 2, 4–6, 8, 10–12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22–24, 26–32, 34–36, 38, 40–46, 48, 50, 52, 54–58, 60, 62–66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80–84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96–98, 100, 102, 105–6, 108–12, 114, 116–18, 120–24, 126, 128, 130–35, 137–38, 140, 142, 144–46, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156–58, 160, 162–64, 166–70, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192–200, 202–4, 206, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234–36, 238, 240, 242–46, 248–50, 252, 254, 256, 258–64, 266, 268–70, 272–74, 276–80, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290–94, 296, 299–300, 303, 308–14
Kosovo Engagement Zone (KEZ), 11, 19, 31–32, 34–36, 39–40, 56, 64, 69, 73, 87, 96, 105–7, 109, 138–39, 141–42, 144, 146–47, 158–59, 171–72, 174, 182, 189, 201–3, 206, 212–13, 233, 236–37, 241–42, 244, 249, 259, 267, 273, 290, 293–94, 296–97, 299, 311, 313
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA, or, in Albanian, Ushtria Clirimtare E Kosoves [UCK]), 36, 145, 152, 213, 246, 308–9, 314
Kumanovo Valley, Serbia, 81, 155, 157, 166, 171, 261
Leaf, Daniel P. “Fig,” 20, 26, 39
Less, Joseph A. “Lester,” 29, 54–56, 58–59, 69–70, 72, 99, 113, 116–17, 122, 147–49, 157, 161, 166, 196, 209, 260–62, 272, 284, 291, 296–97
lines of communication (LOC), 42, 48
low-altitude navigation and targeting infrared for night (LANTIRN), 27
low altitude safety and target enhancement (LASTE), 282
MacCauley, James “Jimbo,” 123
man portable air defense system (MANPADS), 111, 116–17, 125, 128, 193, 284, 310
Many, Rod, 72
Martin, Stuart C. “Co,” 291, 293
Matesick, Michael L. “Smokey,” 198–203, 207
Mays, Kirk M. “Corn,” 62–65, 187–88
McDonough, Francis M. “JD,” 132, 171, 173, 263
Meger, James P. “Meegs,” 63–64, 126, 148–49, 215–16, 218, 220, 222, 224–25, 227–28, 231, 234, 237, 239, 260
Milosevic, Slobodan, 9, 18, 58, 60, 65–66, 83, 97, 123, 126, 207, 267, 299, 308
Mister C’s, 23
Mk-1 eyeballs, 142, 166, 248, 301
Montenegro, 177, 179, 186–87, 189, 194, 199, 202–3, 288, 309
Moody Air Force Base (AFB), Georgia, 18, 97, 123
Mount Osljak, Kosovo, 83
Mount Pastrik, Kosovo, 146
munitions
AGM-65 Maverick, 1, 11, 30, 41–43, 46, 53, 57, 59–63, 72, 94, 112, 114, 124, 129, 147, 155–57, 161, 163, 168, 170, 181, 188–91, 194–96, 200–201, 209, 215, 218–19, 237–38, 240, 243, 246–48, 250, 262–63, 275, 279, 287, 290, 293–94, 296
AGM-88 HARM (high-speed antiradiation missile), 212, 217, 226–29
AIM-9 (infrared air-intercept missile), 41, 94, 120, 219, 250, 276, 287, 277
AMRAAM (advanced medium-range air-to-air missile), 301
BL-755 (British cluster bomb unit [CBU]), 48, 51,
bomblets (cluster bomb unit [CBU] submunitions), 14, 163, 248, 282, 289–90
CBU (cluster bomb unit), 14, 41, 48, 50–51, 53–54, 57, 110, 123, 128, 162, 182, 188, 194, 234, 237, 248, 270, 281, 283, 289–90, 293–95
CBU-87 (Combined Effects Munition [CEM]), 14, 160, 187, 194, 218, 270, 275, 279, 282, 287, 289, 293
GAU-8 Avenger (30 mm cannon), 1, 11, 41, 57, 59, 62, 129, 185, 192–93, 207
GBU-12/24 laser-guided bomb (LGB), 28–29, 41, 43–46, 65, 110, 114, 238
Mk-82 500 lb general-purpose bomb, 11, 13, 41, 44, 48, 51–53, 57–58, 63–64, 94, 108, 110, 114, 124, 128, 147, 169, 187, 203, 237–38, 242, 245–46, 250, 262–63, 275, 279, 283, 285, 293, 296
Mk-83 1,000 lb general-purpose bomb, 110
Mk-84 2,000 lb general-purpose bomb, 110, 201
NBA (eastern Kosovo), 41, 111–12, 116, 276
NFL (western Kosovo), 41, 111, 115–16
night vision goggles (NVG), 188, 311
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 4–5, 8–9, 20–21, 26, 28, 32, 35–36, 68, 70, 76, 78, 81–82, 86, 92, 95–98, 105–6, 108, 111, 120, 123, 126, 132–33, 137, 143–45, 150, 153, 175, 177, 184, 194, 214, 221, 232, 243–44, 269, 299, 304, 308–12, 314
Novisad, Serbia, 218
O’Brien, John “Slobee,” 214, 218, 224, 231, 244, 246–48
on-scene commander (OSC), 217, 224–26
operational control (OPCON), 15, 20–21, 39
Operation Deliberate Force, 16, 25, 308
Operation Joint Forge, 86
Operation Southern Watch, 96
Osan, Korea, 126
Outlaw, 274–75, 278
Pave Penny, 11, 26–27, 45, 94
Pec, Kosovo, 30, 235, 297
personnel accountability team (PERSCO), 91
Personnel Locator System (PLS), 224
Peters, Whitten F., 101, 149
Piancavallo, Italy, 23
Piper, Laura, 277
Pirane, Kosovo, 57
Podujevo, Kosovo, 274, 277–79
Pope Air Force Base (AFB), North Carolina, 18–19, 58, 72, 74, 76, 88–89, 91–92, 97, 139, 270, 273, 279, 287, 296–97, 312
prisoner of war (POW), 99, 105
Pristina, Kosovo, 63–64, 76, 112–13, 147, 245, 272, 274, 277, 288, 296
Prizren, Kosovo, 57, 124, 150–51, 158, 173–74, 199, 259
radar warning receiver (RWR), 224, 226
RAF Bentwaters, England, 16, 67, 116
RAF Lakenheath, England, 28
Ramstein Air Base (AB), Germany, 26, 71, 96, 121–22, 232
refuel, 43, 132, 160, 163–64, 220, 273
Regan, John “Scratch,” 18, 169–71, 182–85, 193
revetments (revets), 48–49, 296
Rogovo, Kosovo, 57
Royal Air Force (RAF), 78, 92, 101
rules of engagement (ROE), 29–31, 40, 105, 111, 127–28, 132–33, 137, 143–50, 152–53, 157–59, 161, 163, 177, 181–86, 189, 191, 193, 198, 243–45, 269, 278, 290, 292, 300
SA-6, 186, 197, 199, 203, 235–36, 288–89, 305
SAN-4, 199, 203
Sanders, Gregg “Lurch,” 70, 83
Sandy, 1, 9–10, 36–39, 45, 49, 82, 109, 111, 116, 126, 180, 186–87, 189, 214–15, 217–18, 220–31, 261, 299, 312
Schulze, Gregory A. “Snoopy,” 26–27, 232–33, 240, 267
Schwarzkopf, H. Norman, 133, 305–6
search and rescue (SAR), 37, 214–30
Serbian/Serb army (VJ), 31–32, 36, 56, 58, 82, 108, 140–41, 213, 247, 273, 278
Serbian/Serb Interior Ministry police (MUP), 31, 56, 58, 82
>
Shaw Air Force Base (AFB), South Carolina, 69
Shenk, Michael J. “Hook,” 212, 231, 275
Short, Christopher “Junior,” 123, 268, 300, 316
Short, Michael C. “Senior,” 8, 21–22, 26, 30–32, 34–35, 39, 70, 77, 79–80, 85, 87, 101–02, 146, 149–50, 153–54, 158, 181, 184–85, 213, 268–70, 274, 285, 294–95, 300, 306, 310–11, 316
Sixteenth Air Force, 21, 26, 69–70, 88, 91
Skopje, Macedonia, 81, 118–22, 128, 275, 313
Smith, Stephen “Al,” 139, 147, 272
Sommers, Edward D. “Sped,” 180–82
spades, 274–75
Spangdahlem Air Base (AB) “Spang,” Germany, 10, 15–16, 18, 20–21, 25, 55, 58, 66–68, 70–71, 73–74, 76, 80, 83, 85–86, 88–89, 91–92, 95–99, 121, 126, 134–35, 139, 231–33, 256, 264–65, 287, 312
stan/eval, 55
steer-points, 256, 275
Straight Flush radar, 235
Strickland, Paul C. “Sticky,” 34, 186, 214, 269
Stuewe, Ronald F. “Stu,” Jr., 169, 180–82, 185, 195–97, 202
suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD), 9–10, 23, 28–29, 32–33, 41, 106, 111–13, 116, 144, 182, 189, 206, 234–35, 237, 269, 273, 275, 307, 310, 312
supreme allied commander Europe (SACEUR), 26–27, 143, 153, 232, 309
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), 86, 98, 175–76, 209, 300
surface-to-air missile (SAM), 9, 43, 63–65, 82, 106–7, 109–10, 113, 125, 129–30, 134, 144, 158, 160–61, 217, 224, 226–27, 229–30, 235, 240–41, 261, 263, 277, 288, 305, 310, 313
Swift, Daniel, 20, 184
talk-on, 44–45, 124, 203–4, 206, 245, 280, 289
Taszar Air Base (AB), Hungary, 38, 313
Thompson, Alan E. “Moose,” 19, 21, 71, 73, 75, 77, 81, 123, 149–50, 152, 182, 184–85, 193, 242, 247
Thompson, Wade “Biggles,” 29–30, 111, 198
Tirana, Albania, 149, 181, 184, 213
top three (squadron supervisors), 59, 150, 221, 228
Trapani Air Base (AB), Sicily, 15, 20–21, 38, 311, 313
Trostle, Donny, 293, 295
Truck Stop, 65, 286, 292
Tuzla Air Base (AB), Bosnia, 225
Uhler, Kenneth R. “Ken,” 139
Ulshafer, Joe, 271
United Nations (UN), 69, 299, 308, 311
United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE), 19–21, 26, 40, 67, 70–71, 73, 79–80, 149–50, 232
Ure, David S. “Ajax,” 55
Urosevac (U-Town), 58, 60, 62, 113, 127, 166, 172, 240
US European Command (EUCOM), 18, 70, 232
Van Cleef, Scott P., 21, 39, 71, 76–77, 80
Vanderneck, Greg “V Neck,” 232
Vega 31, 25, 38–39, 212, 215, 217–18, 220–21, 223, 230–31, 233
Vicenza, Italy, 10, 22, 36, 150, 152, 158, 171, 175–76, 184–85, 267, 300
VJ (Serb army) MUP (Serb Interior Ministry police) Engagement Zone (VMEZ), 31
Vranje, Serbia, 81, 155–56, 166–67, 261–62, 279, 293, 295
vulnerability period (vul), 28, 33, 130, 132, 171, 195, 234–36, 245, 273, 294
Weber, Daniel L. “Dan,” 72
Wiersum, Chaplain Karl, 75
Willy Petes, 7, 11, 13, 41, 46, 54, 61, 63, 128, 190, 218, 281
Woodard, Ripley E. “Rubble,” 170, 212, 230–31, 249, 258, 273–77, 279–81, 283–86
Zoerb, Daniel “Doc,” 180
Zur, Kosovo, 198
About the Editors
Lt Col Phil M. “Goldie” Haun (BS, Harvard University; MA, Vanderbilt University) is from Cecilia, Kentucky, a weapons school graduate, and had A-10 assignments in England, Korea, Germany, and Alaska. Colonel Haun attended ACSC and SAASS and is curently serving as the operational officer of the 355th Fighter Squadron (FS) at Eielson AFB, Alaska.
Col Christopher E. “Kimos” Haave (USAFA) commanded 81st FS “Panthers” during Operation Allied Force (OAF) and is currently the commander of the 612th Air Operations Group at Davis-Monthan AFB, New Mexico. Kimos had A-10 assignments in England and Germany and flew AT-38s in New Mexico. Colonel Haave is Olmsted Scholar and a graduate of the French Joint Defense College.
Notes
1
Lt Col Paul C. Strickland, “USAF Aerospace-Power Doctrine: Decisive or Coercive?” Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 3 (fall 2000): 13–25.
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2
President William J. Clinton, “2000 State of the Union Address,” 27 January 2000, on-line, Internet, 14 August 2001, available from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/states/docs/sou00.htm#foreignpolicy.
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3
Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 1, Air Force Basic Doctrine, 1 September 1997, 50.
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4
AFDD 2-1.3, Counterland, 27 August 1999, 31.
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5
Lt Gen Tony McPeak, “TACAIR Missions and the Fire Support Coordination Line,” Air University Review, September–October 1985, 70.
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6
X-ray, Yankee, and Zulu are the military pronunciations for the letters X, Y, and Z, respectively.
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7
Thomas A. Keaney and Eliot A. Cohen, Gulf War Air Power Survey, Summary Report (Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, 1993), 12.
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8
H. Norman Schwarzkopf and Peter Petre, It Doesn’t Take a Hero: General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the Autobiography (New York: Bantam, 1992), 371.
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9
Keaney and Cohen, 65.
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10
Gen Colin L. Powell with Joseph E. Persico, My American Journey (New York: Random House, 1995), 498.
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11
Keaney and Cohen, 48–51.
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12
Lt Col William F. Andrews, Airpower against an Army: Challenge and Response in CENTAF’s Duel with the Republican Army (Maxwell Air Force Base [AFB], Ala.: Air University Press, 1998), 14.
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13
National Training Center Handbook 100-91, The Iraqi Army: Organization and Tactics, 1991, 25–31.
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14
Keaney and Cohen, 51.
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15
Ibid., 49.
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16
Keaney and Cohen, vol. 5, A Statistical Compendium and Chronology, pt. 1, 463–539.
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17
Andrews, 29. Air Force assets were not the only air assets attacking fielded forces. Carrier-based strikers, including F/A-18s, also attacked fielded forces; however, they did not begin to attack the Republican Guard in earnest until a week after the air war had started.
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18
Lt Col Christopher P. Weggeman, F-16 pilot with 388th TFW flying the Killer Scout mission against the Republican Guard, E-mail interview with author, 28 November 2000. The Army was concerned not only with armor but also support assets such as artillery, mechanized infantry vehicles, support vehicles, ammunition supplies, and POL storage.
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19
Keaney and Cohen, 106.
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20
Keaney and Cohen, A Statistical Compendium, pt. 1, 463–539. The majority of these missions, 569, were delivered by F-16s employing nonprecision, free-falling general-purpose bombs as well as older-generation cluster bomb units (Mk-20 Rockeye, CBU-52, and CBU-58). Battlefield effectiveness was below expectations, which led to concern over the high consumption rates of the more modern, armor-piercing CBU-87 during the first two weeks. “CENTAF TACC/NCO Log, January-February 1991” (U), 30 January 1991, 21. (Secret) Information extracted is unclassified.
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21
Weggeman interview.
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back)
22
William L. Smallwood, Warthog: Flying the A-10 in the Gulf War (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1993), 123–24.
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23
Andrews, 44.
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24
Keaney and Cohen, Summary Report, 21; Andrews, 54; and Fred L. Frostic, Air Campaign against the Iraqi Army in the Kuwaiti Theater of Operations, Rand Report MR-357-AF (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 1994). F-111Fs developed the tank-plinking tactic using their Pave Tack laser designator. Lessons learned during a Desert Shield exercise had shown the potential for identifying and targeting armor from medium altitude. On 5 February, two F-111Fs successfully dropped two GBU-12s on revetted positions. Within three days, 50 sorties a night were devoted to tank plinking. Navy A-6Es began dropping a limited number of LGBs, as did F-15E crews. The F-15Es were limited by the number of LANTIRN pods and quickly developed buddy lasing techniques.