The English Civil War: A People’s History (Text Only)
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Denton, Dr William, 301, 392
Derby, Charlotte de la Tremoille, Countess of, 311, 327
Dering, Sir Edward, 120, 202
Desborough, John, 325
Descartes, René, 300, 351–2
Devon: Parliamentarianism, 174; war ends in, 404; in Second Civil War, 537
D’Ewes, Sir Simonds, 15, 94, 117, 132
Dieussart, Francois, 32
Digby, George, Baron, 253
Digby, John, 358
Digby, Sir Kenelm: on Protestant iconoclasts, 201; observes London defences, 286; qualities and character, 351–2; writes cookbook, 351–2; invents medicament, 566; death, 567; The Closet of Sir Kenelm Digby Knight, 352–3
Digby, Venetia, Lady, 352
Diggers: in Wellingborough, 504; Winstantley leads, 511; support rural poor, 515, 522; policies and principles, 516–19, 521–2, 524–5, 527; activities, 521–3; women, 524
Diodati, Charles: friendship with Milton, 308–9, 311; death, 314–15
Directory for Worship, 238–9, 437
discipline: in army, 258
Dod, John, 111
Donne, John, 442
Dorchester, 137–8, 208
Dorset: Clubmen in, 440
Dorset, Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of, 200
Douglas, Sir Archibald, 530
Dover, Henry Cary, Earl of, 177
Dowcett, Mrs (kitchen clerk’s wife), 544
Downes, John, 556
Dowsing, William, 101, 198
Drake, Sir Francis, 102–3
Drogheda, Ireland, 563–4
Drummond, Alice, 441
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden, 399
Dryden, John, 124
Dugard, William, 411
Dugdale, William, 361
Dundee, 398
Dyck, Sir Antony van, 14, 56, 69, 352, 459, 570
Dyve, Lewis, 497
Eales, Robert, 478
East Anglia: witch-hunting in, 379–86
East India Company, 42
Eastern Association, 327, 375; cavalry, 420
Edgehill, battle of (1642): Sir Edmund Verney killed at, 165, 180; site, 175–6; actions, 177–82, 317; aftermath, 182—4; Denzil Holles’s regiment smashed at, 190; Atkyns on, 222
Edinburgh, 540
Edmonds, Justice, 187
Edwardes, Thomas, 360–1
Egerton family: Milton’s masque for, 312
Eliot, Sir John, 156–7
Elizabeth I, Queen, 30, 33, 38, 49
Elizabeth, Princess (Charles I’s daughter): plays with brother James, 446; relations with father, 457, 459, 548–9; distress at father’s death sentence, 557–8; death, 562
Elizabeth, Princess (Charles I’s sister): arrives in England, 11; height, 14; visits dying brother Henry, 15; on James Hay’s appearance, 53
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia (‘the Winter Queen’), 176
Elizabeth Woodville, wife of Edward IV, 248
Elliot, Mrs Julian, 267
Ellison, Thomas, 337
Ely House, London, 411
Emery, John, 570
Engagement, The (Charles’s deal with Scots), 539, 540
England: tensions with Scotland, 71–2, 83; alliance with Scotland (Solemn League and Covenant), 210, 215, 233; Scots invade (1644), 300, 323
Erwing (Atkyns’s servant), 222
Erwyn, John, 111
Essex: Parliamentary supporters and anti-Catholicism in, 131–7, 386; witch craze in, 379–81, 385–6; unrest in cloth industry slump, 512–13; supports Charles in Second Civil War, 533–4
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of, 68
Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of: appointed to head army against Scots, 83; as moderate, 171; commands Parliamentary army at Edgehill, 175–6, 181; encourages troops, 193; marches to relieve Gloucester, 221; and first battle of Newbury, 253, 255–7; loses Reading to Royalists, 255; popularity in London, 282; fall, 300; fails against Royalists in Thames valley, 326; army’s hunger, 346, 471; campaign in west, 358–9; at battle of Lostwithiel, 360, 361–5; departure from Lostwithiel, 365–6; at second battle of Newbury, 370; chivalry, 416; and army unrest, 417; ousted from army command, 420–1; death and funeral, 464; effigy destroyed, 464
Evelyn, John, 5, 286, 419
Everard, Mary, 377
Everard, Robert, 490
Everard, William, 518, 520, 524, 527–8
Evesham, 425
Exeter: divisions in, 174; Parliamentarianism, 209; and campaign in west, 358; Henrietta Maria in, 358; captured by Royalists, 369
Exeter, William Cecil 2nd Earl of, 67
Eyam, Derbyshire, 361
Eyre (Leveller mutineer), 502
Eythin, James King, 1st Baron, 330
Fairfax, Anne, Lady: as cousin to Brilliana Harley, 143; supposed wish to be queen, 410; intervenes at trial of Charles, 555–6
Fairfax, Charles, 331
Fairfax, Sir Thomas: Naseby prisoners, 5; Nantwich victory, 198; activities in north, 296; Cromwell serves under, 325; inspects and discounts Lathom House, 327; at York and Marston Moor, 328–9, 331–3, 335; remains in Yorkshire, 338; in Devon, 404; advances Cromwell’s military command, 420–1; commands New Model Army, 423; Parliament orders to pursue Charles, 425–6; threatens Oxford, 425; Naseby victory, 426–7, 429–31; told to relieve Taunton, 438–9; restrains post-war New Model Army, 466; orders three separate assemblies after Putney debates, 498; and army mutiny, 499, 501; meets Winstanley and Everard, 524, 527; campaigns in Second Civil War, 533–4, 538, 547; status, 533; at siege of Colchester (1648), 535–6, 541; opposes execution of Charles, 551, 556; retires, 551, 565; invites Charles II to return, 565
Falkland family, 36
Falkland, Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess, 36, 254
Falkland, Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount, 120, 254–5
families: divided by loyalties, 164–72, 177, 301
Familists (sect), 381
Fanshawe, Ann (Lady) (née Harrison): on shortages in war, 216; life and marriage in Oxford, 266–7, 270–6; keeps receipt book, 275–6; in Bristol, 402–4; flight to Scilly Isles and Jersey, 404–6, 568; daughter born, 406; interest in political events, 433, 507; visits Charles in custody at Hampton Court, 457–8; goods stolen, 482; returns to England, 566
Fanshawe, Harrison (Ann’s son), 273–4
Fanshawe, (Sir) Richard, 271–4, 403–6, 458, 566
fasting, 471–2
Feilding, Basil see Denbigh, 2nd Earl of
Feilding, Lady Elizabeth, later Boyle, 169–70, 184–5
Feilding, Mary see Hamilton, Marchioness of
Feilding, Richard, 181
Felton, John, 48
festivals, 60; cancelled, 233–4, 239
Fielder, John, 520
Fiennes, Nathaniel, 145
Fifth Monarchists, 48
Firebrace, Henry, 545–6, 549
Firth, Sir Charles, 419
Fisher, Edward: The Feast of Feasts (later A Christian Caveat to the Old and New Sabbatarians), 240–1
food: availability, 340–6, 520; for army, 419–20; and riots, 512, 514; see also cookbooks
Forced Loan, 95, 156–7
Forest of Dean, 355, 514
Forest Hill, Oxfordshire, 317
forests: and hunting, 355
Forthampton Court, Gloucestershire, 355
Foster, Sergeant Henry, 256–63, 298, 567
Fowey, Cornwall, 362–3
Foxe, John: Acts and Monuments (Book of Martyrs), 101, 200, 527
Franklin, William, 468–9
French Revolution, 38
Fuller, Thomas, 237, 392
Fyvie, Lord see Seton, Alexander
Gadbury, Mary, 468–9
Gage, Lady Penelope, 133
Galileo Galilei, 314
Gamache, Father, 31
Gardner, John, 513
Garrard, George, 31
Gascoigne, Sir Bernard, 541–2
Gater, Sarah, 519
Gater, William, 519
Gaule, John, 385
Gentileschi, Artemisia, 58–60, 566–7
Gentileschi, Orazio, 58–1
George, Mr (of Cirencester), 293
Gerard, Father John, 237
Gerbier, Balthasar, 60, 246
Gibson, Sir John, 393
Giles, Captain, 423
Giles, Mary, 173
Gill, Alexander, 307–8
Globe theatre, London: demolished, 300–1
Gloucester: Parliamentary garrison in, 153, 209; Herbert defeated at, 216; Essex marches to relieve, 221; siege of (1643), 225, 251, 255, 259, 279; strategic importance, 228
Gloucester, Henry, Duke of, 47
Godolphin, Francis, 160
Goffe, William, 491, 493, 498
Goodrich, Matthew, 247
Goodwin, Colonel, 292
Gordon clan, 86
Gordon, James, 76
Goring, George, Baron: attempts to save Strafford, 117; at Marston Moor, 329, 331–4; unable to reinforce Charles in Midlands, 426; behaviour in Somerset, 435, 437; and siege of Taunton, 438–40
Gower, Stanley, 145,147,154
Grand Remonstrance, 118–20
Grantham, 208
Green, Father Hugh, 137–9, 211
Greene, John, 183
Greenhill, William, 46
Greenwich: Queen’s House, 59
Grenville, Sir Bernard, 157
Grenville, Bevil: Royalist sympathies, 155–8,160; religious faith, 159; in campaign in west, 228–30; killed, 229, 231, 405
Grenville, John see Bath, 1st Earl of
Grenville, Sir Richard, 155, 357–9, 362, 405; attacks Taunton, 438
Gresham College, London, 408
Grey (of Groby), Thomas, Baron, 1
Grey (of Werke), William, Baron, 325–6
Griffiths (Brampton servant), 217
Grimston, Harbottle, 95
Grosvenor, Richard, 100
Grotius, Hugo, 314
Grove, Francis, 410
Gubbs, Anthony, 537–8
Gunpowder Plot (1605), 49–50, 101, 103, 305, 307
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 177, 329, 419
Gwynne, John, 192–4, 253, 256, 369–1, 567
Hacker, Colonel Francis, 559
Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, 2nd Earl of, 78–9, 81
Hadley, Katherine, 410
Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, 99
Hakewill, George, 197
Halkett, Anne, 443–5, 447–50, 507, 546, 565
Halkett, Sir James, 449, 565
Halkett, Robert, 565
Hamilton, James, 3rd Marquess and 1st Duke of, 179, 215, 535–6, 538–40
Hamilton, Margaret, Marchioness of, 37
Hamilton, Mary, Marchioness of (née Feilding), 167
Hammond, Colonel Robert, 460–1, 543–5, 548–9
Hampden, John: tried for non-payment of Ship Money, 23–5, 104; Charles plans arrest of, 123–4; at Edgehill, 181; and army discontent, 187; death, 281; and Denton family, 301
Hampton Court: art collection, 58; Charles moves to, 126; Charles sees children at, 457
Hanmer, Captain, 224
Harding, Elizabeth, 112
Harley family (of Herefordshire), 143, 146
Harley, Brilliana, Lady: life and beliefs, 102, 143–54, 161–2; local Royalist opposition to, 154–5, 190, 215; anxiety during war, 216–19; sons join army, 216, 218–20; in siege of Brampton, 220–2, 507; illness and death, 221; and servants’ welfare, 348; embroidery, 350; and Richard Symonds, 359
Harley, Brilliana (daughter), 201–2
Harley, Dorothy, 151, 220
Harley, Edward (Ned): mother’s concern for, 144–50; brother Thomas writes to, 147; and mother’s worries over position at Brampton, 152–3, 218; joins army, 216; promoted in New Model Army, 421; excluded from Parliament, 550–1; pleads with Fairfax to intercede for Charles’s life, 551; subsequent career and death, 567
Harley, Margaret, 151, 220
Harley, Sir Robert: family life, 144–8, 150–2; unappreciated in Herefordshire, 153–4; Parliamentary sympathies, 154, 157; iconoclasm, 201–3, 214; proposes destruction of Cheapside Cross, 213; and Brilliana’s confinement at Brampton, 221; reforms Church calendar, 233–4, 238, 341; committee interrogates Rowell, 301
Harley, Robert (Robin), 150–1, 216, 219, 567
Harley, Thomas, 147, 150–1, 220
Harrington, James, 17, 454
Harriot, Thomas, 51
Harris, John, 505
Harrison family, 266–7, 272, 348
Harrison, Ann see Fanshawe, Ann
Harrison, Thomas, 498
Harrison, William, 275
Hartlib, Samuel, 18
harvests: and food shortage, 340–1, 346, 520
Harvey, William: at Edgehill, 176, 183
Haselrig, Arthur, 115, 123–4, 281
Hastings, Henry, 102
Hay, Honora (née Denny), 55
Hay, James, 51–2, 54–5, 62–4, 66; death, 67–8
Hay, Lucy (Countess of Carlisle): London background, 40, 48–9; ancestry, 49; beauty, 49, 63; illness, 49, 62, 64; relations with Henrietta Maria, 49–50, 63–5; father opposes liaison with James Hay, 51–2; relations and marriage with James Hay, 51–4, 68, 125; upbringing, 51; life at court, 56; in court masque, 61, 65; as lady-in-waiting to Queen, 62–3; character and interests, 64–6,125; fall from favour, 66; as salonnière, 66; falls for Thomas Wentworth, 68, 88, 125; ardent Presbyterianism, 69, 84; effect of war on, 70; warns Five Members about Charles’s arrest attempt, 123–4; as Pym’s supposed lover and informant, 124–6; as source of intelligence on Charles, 124; ideology and beliefs, 125; motives in war, 142; family life and concerns, 143; and Susan Denbigh, 166; Henry Neville satirizes, 277; Milton satirizes, 312; political activism, 507; plots for Second Civil War, 533; supports Charles in captivity, 549; interrogated and held in Tower, 565
Hazzard, Dorothy, 252
Heads of the Proposals, 456, 489
Hearne, Thomas, 278
Helston, Cornwall, 537–8
Hempstall, Anne, 469
Henderson, Alexander, of Leuchars, 75, 79
Henrietta Maria, Princess, 47
Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I: insulted by Prynne, 9; marriage relations, 16, 28, 35–6, 248; unpopularity, 26, 29; Catholic faith and practices, 28–31, 33–6, 100, 107, 136; chapel, 31–2, 34; relations with Lucy Hay, 49–50, 62–5; Van Dyck portrait of, 56; art collection and patronage, 57–60; at Wimbledon, 57; gardening, 58; and court masques, 60–1; self confidence, 60; ambitions, 65; favours Earl of Holland as military leader, 83; and war with Scots, 84; birthday, 101; blamed for Irish rebellion, 113; supposed provocation of Charles to aggression, 122; and Charles’s invasion of Commons, 126; and Susan Denbigh, 166, 184; and Prynne’s disparagement of women as actors, 200; chapel ordered to be destroyed, 244; and Rubens crucifixion painting, 244; associated with Rubens, 246–7; under threat of violence, 247–8; in Holland, 248—9; political activism, 248–9, 507; in Oxford, 250–1, 271; impeached by Parliament, 251; Milton satirizes, 312; leaves for France, 323—4, 543; pregnancies and children, 323–4; diet, 341; Digby serves in exile in France, 352; at Exeter, 358; and Prince Charles’s flight and exile, 404, 406; correspondence with Charles in imprisonment, 452, 454–6, 544; supposed affair with Jermyn, 454; consults Lady Eleanor Davies, 530; letters published, 544; advises Charles against escape, 547, 549; learns of Charles’s execution, 562
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (Charles I’s brother), 11, 14–15
Henry, Prince (Charles I’s son), 446, 457, 549, 557–8, 562, 570
Herbert, Edward, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, 216–18
Herbert, Sir Thomas, 454, 457, 550, 554
Hereford, 190, 216
Herefordshire; divisions in, 152—5, 190, 215; Clubmen in, 440
Herne, John, 374
Herrick, Robert, 237; Hesperides, 463
Heyward, Justice, 107
High Wycombe, 282
> Highland, Samuel, 521
Hill, Christopher, 561
Hill, Nicholas, 51
Hillesden House, Buckinghamshire, 301–4
Hintlesham, Suffolk, 381
Hixton, Isabelle, 336–7
Hobbes, Thomas, 351
Holborne, Robert, 24
Holdenby House, Northamptonshire, 454
Holland, Henry Rich, 1st Earl of: writes love poems to Lucy Hay, 66; advocates French alliance, 68; command in First Bishops’ War, 83, 85–6; supports Charles, 168, 280; daughter in Oxford, 270; in peace party, 281; visits Henrietta Maria, 323; Lucy Hay conspires with, 533; in Second Civil War, 536–7; hanged, 548
Holles, Denzil, 1st Baron of Ifield: restrains Speaker in Commons, 94; refuses to pay Ship Money, 123; and Lucy Hay, 124; Wharton serves under, 185; at Brentford, 190–2; inactivity, 280; on Cromwell as witch, 378; scorns New Model Army, 421; negotiates with army at Hounslow Heath, 457; dislike of New Model Army’s demands, 485
Holles, Gervase, 182
Holles, William, 182
Holmby House, 485
Holmefirth, Yorkshire, 297
Holmes (Atkyns’s cornet), 227
Holt, Captain Edward, 297
Honeyfold, Gabriel, 135
honour: vertical and horizontal, 500
Hook Norton, 257
Hopkins, John (hymn writer), 384
Hopkins, Marie, 382
Hopkins, Matthew: account of war, 3; childhood fantasies, 10, 383; as witchfinder, 380–2, 386–8; background and career, 382–4; finances, 387; death, 388; Discovery of Witches, 385
Hopton House, Herefordshire, 290, 298
Hopton, Ralph: hostility to popery, 106; raises troops, 141, 158; Calvinism, 159; Atkyns joins, 225–6, 232; successes in west, 228, 326, 358; Cromwell defeats in Devon, 404; signs surrender (1645), 405; and exploding ammunition cart, 414; in Somerset, 436; and siege of Taunton, 438–9
Hornbacher, Marya, 471
Horrocks, Elizabeth, 295
hospitals, 411
Hotham, Sir John: beheaded, 4
Hotham, John (son): beheaded, 4
Hounslow Heath, 457
household management, 349–51
houses: destroyed, 441
Howard, Edward, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick, 443
Howard, Thomas, 443–5
Howard, Sir William, 179
Howard, William (Thomas’s younger brother), 443
Hudson, Jeffrey, 56, 250
Hudson, Michael, 546
Hughes, Thomas, 51
Huguenots, 42
hunger, 340–1, 346–7; see also food
Hunt, Captain: killed at Newbury, 262
hunting, 354