Hurry, Sir John, 398
Hurst Castle, Hampshire, 549
Hutchinson, Colonel John, 5, 570
Hutchinson, Lucy, 5, 36, 51, 143, 489
Hutton, Ronald, 242
Hyde, David, 130
iconoclasm, 185–6, 190–1, 196–206, 213, 245–7, 561–2
idolatry see iconoclasm
image-breaking see iconoclasm
Independents: differences with Presbyterians, 279, 433, 465; criticise Cromwell, 337; principles and practices, 433–4, 465–6; triumph at Naseby, 433; cooperate with Army agitators, 467; radicalism, 468, 470; hatred of Levellers, 476
Inverary, 397
Ireland: population and conditions, 88–9; Plantation Scheme, 89; rebellion (November 1641), 109–13; reported Catholic atrocities, 109–11; Protestant refugees from, 114–15; Levellers protest at service in, 485, 505–6; Cromwell in, 563–4
Ireton, Bridget (née Cromwell), 489
Ireton, Henry: leads Ironsides, 325; at Naseby, 427–8; offer to Charles in custody, 456, 460, 490; Levellers question authority, 478, 505; at Putney debates, 487, 489, 490–7, 509; background and character, 489–90; Rainborough mistrusts, 489; corpse disinterred and hanged, 509, 565; death, 509; condemns Lucas, 541; and appointment of judges for Charles’s trial, 554
Ironsides, 325–6, 329
Isabella, Archduchess, Spanish infanta, 244
Isham, Elizabeth, 301–4
Isle of Wight see Wight, Isle of
Italy: Milton in, 314
Jackson, Alice, 409
James I, King (James VI of Scotland): hunting, 7, 13; relations with son Charles, 7, 11–15, 16; stature, 14; favours Buckingham, 15; statue, 27; Henry Percy dislikes, 49; attempts union of England and Scotland, 72; signs confession of faith, 77; financial extravagance, 93; entry into London (1603), 213; on need for bishops, 452
James II, King (earlier Prince and Duke of York): Greenhill acts as chaplain to, 47; at Edgehill, 176, 178–9, 181; in Oxford, 250; captured at Oxford, 442; Bampfield and Anne Halkett help escape to Holland, 446–7, 546, 565; upbringing, 447; succeeds to throne, 566
Jane, Joseph, 363
Janssen, Cornelius, 308
Jeames, Daniel, 43
Jefferson, Thomas, 2
Jeffery, Edward, 173
Jermyn, Henry, 454
Jersey, 405–6
Jesuits: discharged from prison, 106; and Irish rebellion, 112; Pym attacks, 118; Milton and, 307; and Levellers, 466
Jews, 528, 569
Johnston, Archibald, of Warriston, 76
Jones, Inigo, 31, 34, 57, 61, 159, 249
Jones, Captain William, 264
Jonson, Ben, 92; Christmas His Masque, 237
Jordaens, Jakob, 60
Jordan, Lady, 290
Joscelin, Elizabeth, 143
Joyce (messenger to Charles in custody), 456
Juxon, Thomas, 467
Juxon, William (later Archbishop of Canterbury), 557, 559
Kent: disputes over Christmas, 239–40; witch-hunting in, 388; army levies, 417; Royalist troops at Blackheath, 474; supports Charles in Second Civil War, 533–4
Kettell, Ralph, 271
Kilsyth, battle of (1645), 398
Kineton, 249
King, Edward, 313
King, Lieutenant-General James, 335
Kingdomes Faithfull and Impartiall Scout, The (Leveller newsbook), 510
King’s Cabinet Opened, The, 431
kingship: abolished, 499
Kirk, Mary, 537
Kirke, Anna, 170
Knaresborough, 328
Lambert, John, 533, 535, 538–9
Lambeth Palace: attacked (1640), 121
Lancashire, 327–8, 540
Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, 332, 426, 428–9, 538–40
Langley, William, 267
Lanier, Jerome, 570
Lanier, Nicholas, 59, 62, 567, 570
Lanyer, Aemilia, 528
Lansdown, 229
Lathom House, Lancashire, 327
Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, 198
Laud, Erasmus, 135
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury: beheaded, 4, 151, 213, 374, 516, 555; unpopularity, 26–7, 98, 135, 248; religious practices and reforms, 26–8, 30, 31, 35, 82, 136, 173, 198; anti-Catholicism, 35, 37; adds to Lord’s Prayer, 71; and Scottish Prayer Book, 71, 75; and Marie de Medici’s visit, 78; charged with high treason, 99, 373–4; London apprentices oppose, 122; Lucy Hay opposes, 125; and London discontent, 129; rumoured sympathetic to Catholicism, 136; and iconoclasm, 198–9, 202, 206; character and career, 210—12; diary, 211; dreams, 211–12; in Tower, 373; satirized by Overton, 480
Le Nôtre, André, 58
Leicester: Parliamentarian sympathies, 160; Rupert attacks and sacks, 425
Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of, 197
Leighton, Major, 225
Leighton, Sir William, 306
Lely, Sir Peter, 570
Leominster, 154
Leslie, Alexander see Leven, 1st Earl of
Leslie, David, 85, 329, 333, 399–401, 539
Leslie, John, 83
Levellers: doctrines, 466, 476–8, 481, 496, 499, 504, 510; and New Model Army, 468, 484–6; repressed, 483; and Putney debates, 492–4, 496–8; and draft of An Agreement of the People, 497; propose alliance with Charles, 497, 516; rounded up at Corkbush Field, 499; flout vertical honour, 500; join Thompson’s mutiny, 501–3; decline, 504; and women’s rights, 506, 508; on reopening common land, 515
Leven, Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of: returns to Scotland, 82; confronts Earl of Holland, 85; commands Scottish army at Marston Moor, 328–30; retires to Newcastle, 338; opposes Montrose, 425
Lewis, John, 519
Licensing Act: suspended, 283, 408
Lichfield: iconoclasm in, 206, 361
Lilburne, Elizabeth (earlier Dewell; John’s wife), 481–4, 506, 567
Lilburne, Elizabeth (John/Elizabeth’s daughter), 483
Lilburne, Henry, 177
Lilburne, John: in London unrest, 130; at Edgehill, 176; captured at Brentford, 191–2, 481; as Leveller leader, 477, 481; army service, 481; imprisoned, 481–3; marriage relations, 482–4, 567; political activities and pamphleteering, 482; on grandees at Putney debates, 490; Rainborough visits in prison, 497; proposes alliance with Charles, 498; opposes trial of Charles, 548; death, 567; A Cry for Justice, 410
Lilburne, Robert, 498
Lilly, William: and Hopkins’s childhood, 10; on Charles I’s childhood weakness, 14; on Queen’s secret councils, 124; publishes almanac (1644), 301; told of Marston Moor, 334; and trial of Archbishop Laud, 374; known to Matthew Hopkins, 382, 384; predicts Parliamentary victory, 407; Jane Whorwood consults, 458–9; The Starry Messenger, 407
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of, 177, 180, 333–4
Liscarroll, battle of (1642), 184
Lisle, Sir George, 541–2
Lister, Joseph, 111
Lithgow, William, 286
Littleton, Sir Edward, 24
Littleton, William, 152
Liverpool, 328
Lloyd, Sir Charles, 192
Lloyd, Major Richard, 369
Lloyd, Lady Ursula, 161
Lockyer, Robert, 499–501
London: conditions and character, 39–40, 42–3, 45–6, 128–30, 278–9; political divisison, 40; West End developed, 40, 45; houses and housing, 43–5; population, 45; coal fires and dust, 62, 129, 280; unrest and riot in, 121–2; Charles’s attitude to, 127–8; and Charles’s invasion of Commons, 127; finances Parliament in war, 128; trained bands (militia), 130–1, 193, 255–6; defences against Charles, 193–5, 209, 279, 285–7; Parliamentarianism, 209; coal shortage, 280, 283; Royalist supporters in, 281–2; playhouses closed, 282; Thames freezes (1645–6), 283, 347; trade and industry declines, 283; food supply, 341; print trade in, 408–10; welcomes Naseby victory, 432; occupied by New Model Army, 467; Anna Trapnel sees as Holy Land, 474; Skippon defends in Second Civil War, 534
Londo
n Bridge, 45
Long, George, 379
Long Melford, Suffolk, 133–4
Lord of Misrule, 234
Lords, House of: abolished, 499; see also Parliament
Lord’s Prayer, 71
Lostwithiel, battle of (1644), 300, 360, 362–6; Parliamentary surrender and retreat, 367–9
Loudoun, John Campbell, 1st Earl of, 79
Louis XIII, King of France, 90, 95
Louis XIV, King of France, 58, 208
Lovelace, Richard, 273
Lowes, John, 382–3
Lucas family (of Essex), 131
Lucas, Sir Charles, 181, 311, 331–3, 335, 534–6, 541
Lucas, Sir John, 132
Lucas, Margaret, 250
Ludlow, Colonel Edmund, 114, 181–2, 335, 389, 441, 464
Ludlow, Gabriel, 335
Ludlow, Shropshire, 206, 216
Luke, Sir Samuel, 302, 410, 425
Lunsford, Colonel Sir Thomas, 130
Lush, William, 436
Lydney House, Gloucestershire, 515
Lyme, Dorset, 358
Lynne, John, 20
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 1st Baron, 69
MacColla, Alasdair, 80, 397
MacDonald clan, 397–8
McDonalds of Clan Ian Mor, 89
MacDonnell clan, 89, 397
Maldon, Essex, 512
Mallory, Captain Robert, 570
Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of: at York, 328–9; returns to Eastern Association, 338; at second battle of Newbury, 370–1; conflict with Cromwell, 420–1; ousted from military command, 420–1
Manningtree, Essex, 380, 383–5, 388
Mantua, Duke of: art collection, 57–60
Marie de Medici, Queen of France, 56, 59, 78, 87, 121–2, 246, 352, 410
Market Harborough, 426
Markham, Gervase, 342; The English Housewife, 351
Marlowe, Christopher, 309
Marrow, Lieut.-Colonel John, 219
Marshall (preacher), 187
Marshall’s Elm, battle of (1642), 141
Marston Moor, battle of (1644), 300, 320, 328–36; casualties, 335; paintings of, 339; weapons at, 428
Marten, Henry: character, 95; radicalism in Parliament, 95, 116, 464; hostility to Charles, 116; desecrates Henrietta Maria’s chapel, 244, 246–7; Pym imprisons, 280; republicanism, 464, 488–9; helps select judges for Charles’s trial, 554; discovers crown jewels, 568
Martin family (of East Anglia), 135
Marvell, Andrew, 537, 551, 566
Mary I (Tudor), Queen, 101
Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland, 72
Mary (laundress assistant), 544
Mary, Princess, 101, 166, 447, 459, 562
Mary Queen of Scots, 13, 35, 72–3, 553
Mason, Henry, 519
masques (court), 60–2, 65
Massey, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Edward, 219, 425
Massie, Captain George, 262
Mathew, Sir Toby, 63–4
Mathis, Robert, 201–2
Maurice, Prince: ends siege of Plymouth, 208; Atkyns serves under, 222–3, 225, 227—8; in west country, 358; captures Dartmouth, 369; looting and raiding, 515
May, Robert, 348
Mayerne, Sir Theodore, 21
Mayney, Sir John, 336
Mayor, Richard, 20 maypoles, 205, 213–14, 301
Mazarin, Cardinal Jules, 402
medical services, 411–13
Megerne, Theodore Turquet de, 59
Mercurius Aulicus (newspaper), 207, 214, 285, 289, 360, 365, 376
Mercurius Britannicus (newspaper), 207
Mercurius Civicus( newspaper), 289
Mercurius Rusticus (newspaper), 292
Merrick, Sir Gilly, 359
Methven: Highland women massacred, 398
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of, 353–5
Middlewick, John, 414
Mildmay, Sir Humphrey, 45, 214, 235–6, 282, 566
Military Ordinance, 105
Milton family, 305–6
Milton, Anne (John’s sister), 306
Milton, Christopher (John’s brother), 306, 309, 312, 318
Milton, John: account of war, 3; bookishness, 8; family house, 44; hostility to bishops, 99; on individual liberty, 169; and Skippon, 193; polemical writings, 207, 315–16, 319–20; on London, 282; defends freedom of press, 300, 320–1; on Gunpowder Plot and Catholic threat, 305, 307, 321; meets and marries Mary, 305, 317; background and upbringing, 306–9; at Cambridge, 308—13; early poetry, 310–12; reading and learning, 312–13; meets Galileo, 314; travels abroad, 314; and family divisions, 317–18; separation from Mary, 317–19, 321; pamphlet on divorce and marriage, 318, 320; sides with Parliament, 318; qualities, 321–2; loses sight, 407–8; on licence and liberty, 532; addresses Fairfax in sonnet, 551; remarriages and death, 566; Areopagitica, 321–2; Comus, 322; Eikonokhstes, 561; Lycidas, 118, 313, 322, 407; Of Civil Powers, 321; Of Reformation, 315; Paradise Lost, 322, 566
Milton, John, Senior, 306, 312, 318; The Tears and Lamentations of a Sorrowful Soule, 306
Milton, Mary (née Powell): marriage to and separation from John, 317–19; attachment to family, 455
Milton, Sara (John’s mother), 306; death, 313
Minories, London, 473
miracles and wonders, 442–3
Miriam (Anne Halkett’s maid), 444–5, 447
Mockett, Thomas: Christmas, The Christian’s Grand Feast, 240
Moderate Intelligencer, The (journal), 377
Mollet, André, 58
Monckton, Sir Philip, 331
Montagu, Walter: converts to Catholicism, 37; in court masque, 65; at battle of Bridge of Dee, 86; The Shepherd’s Paradise, 34
Monteverdi, Claudio, 208
Montreuil, Jean de, 452
Montrose, James Graham, 1st Marquess and 5th Earl of: power and offices, 79, 83; subscribes to Covenant, 79–82; background and character, 81, 402; view of monarchy, 82–3, 215; signs letter to Louis XIII, 90; supports Charles, 215; rise of, 300; raises troops for Charles in Scotland, 323, 397; meets Rupert, 337; campaign in Scotland, 397–9, 407, 425; fatalism, 399–400; deserted by followers, 400; escapes to continent, 401–2; captured after Carbisdale and executed, 402; Discourse on Sovereignty, 215
Montrose, Magdalene, Marchioness of (née Carnegie), 81
Moore, Roger, 173
Moray, Mrs (Falkland’s mistress), 255
More, James, 377
More, Samuel, 218, 221
Morrison, Andrew, 268
Morrison, Edmund, 570
Morton, Henry, 297
Motteville, Madame Francoise Langlois de, 84
Mullan, Edward, 111
Mullan, Mary, 111
Murray, David, 544
Musgrove (Halketts tenant), 445
muskets, 418–19
Mynne, George, 410
Mynschull, Richard, 205
Nantwich, battle of (1644), 198
Naseby, battle of (1645): nature of, 209; massacre, 398; Parliamentary victory at, 407; conduct of, 426–30; casualties, 431; effects of, 433
Nedham, Marchamont, 563
Neville, Henry, 124, 277
Neville, Thomas, 1
Neville, William, 1
New Model Army: and holy war, 416; recruitment and composition, 417–18; tactics, 419; equipment and provisions, 420; ideology, 420; officers, 421; preachers in, 422, 424; under Fairfax, 423; Naseby victory, 426–31; strength, 426; ordered to relieve Taunton, 438; radicalism and post-war demands, 455–8, 465–8, 485–8, 495; religious devotion, 464–6; occupies London, 467; Levellers and, 468, 484–6; disbandment ordered, 484–5; acts against Parliament, 485–6; petitions for pay, 485; and Ireton’s arguments in Putney debates, 497; mutinies, 499, 501–5; demands trial of Charles, 548–9; see also Agreement of the People, An
Newark, Nottinghamshire, 326, 452
Newbridge Crossing, 501
Newburn, battle of (1640), 97
Newbury, first battle of (1643), 253–65
; dead, 298
Newbury, second battle of (1644), 300, 369–72, 530
Newcastle, Margaret, Countess of, 334
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Earl (later Marquess and Duke) of: in 1st Bishops’ War, 86; informed of Barthomley massacre, 289; commands Royalist army in north, 296, 326, 328; at Marston Moor, 329–30, 333–5; character, 334–5; flees country, 336; post-battle differences with Rupert, 336; threatens Eastern Association, 375
Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Scots advance on, 96; Scots capture (October 1644), 283; Charles enters, 452
Newport, Anne, Lady, 37
Newport, Isle of Wight: Charles imprisoned in, 546
newsbooks, 284–5, 360, 408
newspapers, 207, 283
Newton, Sir Isaac, 208
Newton, Thomas, 445
Nineteen Propositions, 105
No pamphlet, but a detestation against all such pamphlets…concerning the Irish rebellion, 111
Norfolk, 326
North Scale, Lancashire, 336
Northampton, James Compton, 3rd Earl of, 369
Northern Army, 96
Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of, 68, 548
Northumberland, Dorothy, Countess of (née Devereux), 49–50
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 9th Earl of, 49–52, 54–5
Norwich, George Goring, Earl of, 534, 541
Nottingham: Charles raises standard in, 140–1, 158
Nottingham, Charles Howard, 1st Earl of, 14
Nurse, Samuel, 267
Ochiltree, Lady Margaret, 11
Oglander, Sir John, 461
Okey, John, 176, 421, 428–9
Oldfield, John, 297
Orell, Henry, 111
Ormonde, James Butler, 12th Earl and 1st Duke of, 17, 88
Osney Abbey, 359
Overton, Mary, 476, 478–80, 483, 506
Overton, Richard: in prison, 473, 476, 478; as Leveller leader, 477; on Mary’s imprisonment, 479–80; background, 480; on sectarian sermons, 506; The Arraignment of Mr Persecution, 528; Articles of High Treason Exhibited Against Cheap-Side Cross, 480; The Baiting of the Great Bull of Bashan, 480; Martin Mar-Priest, 466
Overton, Thomas, 476, 478–81, 483
Owen, Cadwallader, 148
Owen, Morgan, 196
Owram, Yorkshire, 297
Oxford: Harley men attend university, 148–51; Charles withdraws to, 194; Parliamentarian iconoclasm in, 196, 205; Laud dreams of, 211; Atkyns in, 222; Henrietta Maria in, 250–1; conditions as Royalist capital, 266–72, 276–7; money problems, 269; Castle, 270; plague (1643 and 1644), 276; loyal Londoners join Charles in, 282; Royalist decline in, 408; intelligence network in, 410; Fairfax threatens, 425; surrenders (24 June 1646), 442
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