Palmer, Robert, 240
pamphlets: proliferation, 408–9
Parker, Henry, 506
Parliament: Charles dissolves, 22; financial prerogative, 25, 93; nature, composition and role, 90–5; relations with Charles, 95–6; Charles summons (‘Short Parliament’, April 1640), 89, 94–6, 104, 164; (November 1640), 97–8; as defender of Protestantism, 104, 115; Long Parliament (1640–53), 107, 150, 164, 464; approves Grand Remonstrance, 118—20; Charles enters to arrest Pym and colleagues, 122–3, 126; petitions to, 131, 173; claims legitimacy of rule, 209; subcommittee reforms Church practices, 233, 238; impeaches Henrietta Maria, 251; demands for money, 279–80; divisions in, 279–80; peace party, 279–81, 416; and women’s peace petition (1643), 280–1, 283; takes Charles into custody, 454; Army Council’s disputes with, 455–6; Charles rejects peace terms, 458; attacked by radicals and Cavaliers, 467; dislike of New Model Army’s demands, 485–6; denies equal rights to women, 508; negotiations with Charles in captivity, 541, 547–9, 550; Pride forcibly removes members (‘Pride’s Purge’), 550–1, 554; Rump, 550, 563
Parliament Joan see Alkin, Elizabeth
Parliamentary Journal, The, 376
Parliaments Post, The (journal), 378
Parne, Abel, 268–9
Partridge, John: Treasuries of Commodious Conceits and Hidden Secrets, 343, 348
Paulet, John, 1st Baron, 284
Pelham, Sir William, 151
Pembroke Castle, 533–4
Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of, 454
Penruddock, John, 185, 205
Penzance, Cornwall, 537–8, 540
Pepys, Samuel, 2, 242, 390
Percy family, 49–50
Percy, Dorothy (Lucy Hay’s sister), 66–7
Percy, Henry, Baron Percy of Alnwick, 424
Percy, Thomas, 50
Perfect Diurnall, A (newspaper), 207, 286
Perkins, Corporal, 502
Perkins, Edward, 148
Perkins, William: Discourse of the Damned Art of Witchcraft, 383
Perth: Five Articles of (1618), 74, 79; Montrose enters, 397
Peter, Hugh, 283, 422
Petition of Right (1628), 93, 95, 104, 156
Petre family, 135
Petter (Lady Harley’s servant), 218–19
Petty, Maximilian, 493, 496
Phelips, Sir Robert, 91
Philip III, King of Spain, 16
Philiphaugh: battle and massacre (1645), 400
Phillips, Anne, 310
pillaging, 185–7; see also atrocities; iconoclasm
plague, 276, 310, 404, 414
Plain Man’s Pathway to Heaven, The, 9
plunder see atrocities; iconoclasm
Plymouth, 208–9, 363
Pontefract, 432
poor, the: food and diet, 341–2, 517; and riots, 514–15; and Diggers, 517–18, 522–3
Poplar, London, 42, 45
Porter, Endymion, 34
Porter, Olive, 34
postal service, 188
Potter, Agnes, 178
Potter, Hannibal, 274
Pouch, Captain, 514
Powell family, 317–18
Powell (defector to Royalists), 222
Powell, Richard, 317
Powlten, Ansell, 173, 409
Powys, William Herbert, 1st Baron, 64
Poyer, Colonel John, 545
Prayer Book, 27, 71, 173, 437; Scottish, 71, 75, 79
preaching and sermons: prevalence, 46–8, 187; in London, 283–4; in New Model Army, 422; post-war spread, 465, 467
Presbyterianism: in Scotland (the Kirk), 73–5, 79; in Ulster, 89; proposed for England, 215; differences with Independents, 279, 433, 465; Cromwell turns against, 337; attempts to convert Charles, 452–3, 547
press freedom, 408–9
Preston, battle of (1648), 539–40
Preston, John, 480
Pride, Colonel Thomas, 550, 554
Privy Council: role, 23
Proctor, William, 570
Protestantism: and Thirty Years War, 75; Parliament protects, 93; fear of Catholicism, 100–1, 107–8, 113, 131; refugees from Ireland, 114–15
Providence Company, 104
Prynne, William: ears cropped, 9, 98, 200–1, 312; opposes Laud’s reforms, 27; hostility to theatre, 34; released from prison (1640), 98–9; hostility to Laud, 99, 211–12; and Robert Harley, 146, 150; moved to Caernarvon Castle, 199; seen as martyr, 200–1, 213; Laud charges with treason, 373; Breviate of the Life of William Laud, 212; Histrio-Mastix, 200, 214; News from Ipswich, 199–200; The Popish Royal Favourite, 30
Pulter, Hester, 394–5
Puritans: Laud suppresses, 27; celebrate Gunpowder Plot, 101
Puryer, George, 85, 99–100
Putney debates: sessions, 458, 487–98; women absent from, 509
Pym, John: collaborates with Hampden, 23; supports Covenanters, 82; status and activities in Parliament, 94–5, 97, 99–100, 103–5; negotiates with Scots, 96, 104–5; anti-Catholicism, 100–1, 104–8, 118, 248, 383; background, 102—3; interests in New World, 104; on Irish rebellion, 112–13; and trial of Strafford, 115–16; formulates Grand Remonstrance, 118–20; on threat to Parliament, 118; activities in Parliament, 121; Charles plans arrest of, 122–3; as supposed lover of Lucy Hay, 124–5; religious practices, 146; and Solemn League and Covenant, 215, 280; and women’s peace petitioners, 280; death, 281, 327; opposes peace negotiations, 327; and Independents, 433; arguments, 492
Queen’s Closet Opened, The (recipe book), 343
Quickly, Dr (of Balliol College, Oxford), 271
Rabisha, William, 348
Radwinter, Essex, 203
Raglan Castle, Wales, 432
Rainsborough, Thomas: excluded from New Model Army, 421; background and character, 488–9; republicanism, 488–9; at Putney debates, 491, 493–7, 509; presents Army Agreement at Corkbush Field, 498; at siege of Colchester (1648), 541; killed at Pontefract, 542
Ralegh, Sir Walter, 51
rape, 290–1; see also women
Ratcliff, Mrs (of Burridge House), 87
Ratcliffe, London, 361
Read, Edward, 290
Reading, Berkshire, 213, 255
receipt books, 274–5, 343; see also cookbooks
recusants, 106–7
Red Regiment (London trained band): at first battle of Newbury, 256–9, 261–2
Regall Tyrannie Discovered (Leveller pamphlet), 478–9
Reigate Castle, 536
Reni, Guido, 60
Restormel Castle, 359
Reynolds, John, 171, 501
Rich, Charles, 133
Rich, Colonel Nathaniel, 494
Richelieu, Cardinal Armand Jean Duplessis, Due de, 90
Rickmansworth, 96
Rigby, Alexander, 327–8
riots: causes and conduct of, 513–14
Rivers family, 381
Rivers, John Savage, 2nd Earl of, 133, 513
Rivers, Mary, Countess of, 133–5, 137, 139, 403, 513
Robartes, John, Baron, 347, 358, 365
Robin Hood, 515–16, 521, 527
Robinson, Edward, 430
Robinson, George, 264
Rochford, John Cary, Viscount, 177
Roman Catholicism: Henrietta Maria’s devotion to, 28–31, 33—6; popular hostility to, 29–31, 99–100, 106, 121, 131; adherents in England, 34–5; in Scotland, 80; Pym’s measures against, 100—1, 104—8, 118–20; in army against Scots, 102; supposed conspiracies and plots, 107–9, 112–13, 146; in Irish rebellion (November 1641), 110–12; persecuted and harassed, 133–9, 197, 203, 416; priests killed, 137–9; and cult of Virgin Mary, 237; and celebration of Christmas, 241; Milton’s hostility to, 305, 307, 321; and witchcraft, 381–2; denied tolerance in Putney debates, 497; Parker claims as international conspiracy, 506; Cromwell slaughters in Ireland, 564
Root and Branch Petition (1640), 121, 202
Rothes, John Leslie, 6th Earl of, 79
Rous, Anthony, 102–3
Ro
well, John, 301
Royal Society, 408
Rubens, Sir Peter Paul: and Jordaens, 60; altarpiece destroyed, 244–5, 564; physicality of paintings, 245–6; mission to England, 246–7; and Banqueting House paintings, 339
Rumler, John Wolfgang, 267
Rupert, Prince Palatine: and Charles’s action against Parliamentary enemies, 123; at Edgehill, 175–8, 190; character and qualities, 175–6; threatens to plunder Leicester (1642), 187; atrocities, 188, 259; at Brentford, 193; in Oxford, 250–1; attacks Bristol, 252, 285; at Chalgrove field, 281; Londoners fear, 285; men accused of violating women, 291; at Lathom House, 327; campaign in north, 327–8; speed of movement, 327, 419, 533; defeated at Marston Moor, 329–30, 332–3, 335; retires to York, 336; joins up with Montrose, 337; and foragers, 344; accused of using witchcraft, 377; surrenders, 404; attacks Leicester (1645), 425; unpopularity, 425; at Naseby, 426–9, 432; looting and raiding, 515
Rushworth, John, 286
Russell, Frank, 338
Rutherford, Samuel, 74
Ruthven, General Patrick (Earl of Forth and Brentford), 370
Rye House plot (1683), 448
Ryves, Bruno, 132–3, 292
Sacheverell, Lucy, 273
St Dunstan’s parish, Stepney, 41–2, 48
St Ives, Cornwall, 537
St John, Oliver, 24, 104, 326
St Keverne, Cornwall, 538
St Michael’s Mount, Cornwall, 537–8
St Osyth, Essex, 381
Salisbury Cathedral, 199
Salmacida Spolia (masque), 246
Saltmarsh, John, 117
Salusbury, Sir Thomas, 160–4, 167, 177
Sandys, Thomas, 227
Saunders, Henry, 523
Sawyer, Henry, 12
Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, 1st Viscount: refuses to pay Ship Money, 24; supports Covenanters, 82; and Pym, 104; and Robert Harley, 145; opposes peace negotiations, 327; on Cromwell’s victory at Marston Moor, 337
Scilly Isles, 405, 412
Scotland (and Scots): tensions with England, 71–2, 83; relations to monarch, 72—3, 80; ethnic-geographic division, 73, 80; religious differences and practices, 73–7, 80; Charles marches against (1639), 84–5; invades Northumberland and Durham, 88, 96–7; Pym negotiates with, 96, 104–5; new alliance with England (Solemn League and Covenant), 210, 215, 233; forces capture Newcastle (1644), 283; invades England (1644), 300, 323; forces at Marston Moor, 328–30, 337; witch-prosecutions in, 377; Highland clans raised by Montrose, 397; Montrose’s campaign in, 397—9; Charles surrenders to, 401, 452; effects of Naseby on, 433–4; Charles escapes to, 442, 451; importance of Covenant in, 453; Charles’s secret agreement with, 462; in Second Civil War, 533–5, 538–40
Scottish Prayer Book, 71, 75, 79
Scrope, Sir Adrian, 183
Scudamore, Sir John, 1st Viscount, 212, 221
Scudder, Timothy, 87
Scullard, John, 173
Sealed Knot, 209
seals (official), 569
Second Civil War: outbreak, 499, 532–3
Sedgewick, John, 187
Seekers (sect), 381
Self-Denying Ordinance, 421, 482
separates (manuscript news-sheets), 146
sermons see preaching and sermons
servants, 43–4
Seton, Alexander, 1st Earl of Dunfermline (earlier Baron Fyvie), 11
Seton of Pitmedden: killed at Bridge of Dee, 86
Seven Champions of Christendom, The (drama), 514
Sexby, Edward, 490
Seymour, Sir Francis, 105
Shakespeare, William, 162
Sharpe, Kevin, 34
Sheldon, Major Thomas, 225, 232
Shepton Mallet, Somerset, 141
Sherfield, Henry, 199
Sherrard, Joan, 48
Ship Money, 22–6, 95–6, 104, 123
Shipton, Mother, 378
Shropshire: Royalist sympathies, 153
Shrovetide, 60–1
Sidney, Algernon, 554
Sidney, Sir Philip: Arcadia, 459
Signs and Wonders from Heaven (pamphlet), 376–7
Simcotts, Dr (of Huntingdon), 21
Simon of Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, 516
Simpson, John, 48
Skinner, Robert, 240
Skippon, Major General Philip: and Catholic Irish in Holland, 89; leads London trained bands, 130, 193; qualities, 130, 193; at first battle of Newbury, 253, 255; and Essex’s departure from Lostwithiel, 365–6; surrenders at Lostwithiel, 366–7, 369; revenge at second battle of Newbury, 369; promises payment of pay arrears to soldiers, 417; wounded at Naseby, 427–8, 432; London command in Second Civil War, 534; death, 567
Slingsby, Henry, 328, 394
Slingsby, Walter, 230
Small, Nicholas, 414
Smith, Anne, 324
Smith, Colonel, 302, 304
Smith, Edward, 151
Smith, Captain John, 181
Smith, William (commander of Oxford Castle), 270
Snayde, Colonel, 288
soldiers: qualities and recruitment, 416–19; weapons and equipment, 418–19; provisions, 419; religious motivation, 422; see also New Model Army
Soldier’s Pocket Bible, The, 422
Solemn League and Covenant, 215, 233, 238, 280, 482, 519–20
Somerset: Royalist misbehaviour in, 435–6; Clubmen in, 436–7; widows petition for pensions, 441
Somerset House, London, 34, 58
Souldiers Demand, The (pamphlet), 505–6
Sourton Down, Devon, 228
South Brent, Somerset, 436
Southcott family., 135
Spain: supposed intervention, 87
Spearman, Ann, 512
Spenser, Edmund, 107, 308
spies and spying, 410
Sprigge, Joshua, 293, 429–30
Springate, William, 191
Springet, Colonel, 264
Star Chamber: role, 22
Stearne, John, 380–3, 386
Stepney, 41–2; witches, 376
Stevens, Mr (of Cirencester), 293
Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire, 541
Stock, Richard, 306
Stone, Lawrence, 34
Stow, John, 305
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of: ambitions, 68–9; Lucy Hay falls for, 68–9, 88; policy in Scotland, 78, 105; Charles recalls from Ireland, 87–90; earldom, 88; as Lord Deputy of Ireland, 89; ill health, 90; Pym attacks, 105; tried and executed, 115–17, 122, 126, 151, 222, 248, 544, 555, 559; petition against, 121; Bevil Grenville opposes attainder, 158
Strand Maypole (London), 301
Stratton, Cornwall, 228–9
Strode, William, 94–5, 123, 280
Stubbes, Philip, 236
Suckling, Sir John, 117; Fragmenta Aurea, 442
Sueur, Hubert le, 14
Suffolk, Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of, 358
Summers, William, 290
Sunday: respected, 233, 238; dancing and piping on, 437
surgeons and surgery, 411–13, 420
Sutton, Henry, 173
Swindon, Wiltshire, 259
Sydenham, Sir Edward, 180
Symmonds, Edward: A military Sermon, 295–6
Symonds, Richard, 59, 145, 150, 359–60, 366, 567
Symonds, Richard (cousin), 359
Syon House, Middlesex, 457, 548
Tasman, Abel, 300
Taunton: provisioning, 346; sieges and relief of (1644–5), 414, 437–40
taxation: and Parliament, 93, 279–80; increased, 209–10; see also Forced Loan; Ship Money
Taylor, John (‘the water poet’), 241–2, 345
Temple, Anne, 395
Thames, river: freezes, 283, 347
theatre, 9, 34–5, 408, 463–4
Thirty Years War, 75, 111, 176, 208
Thistlesworth, Yorkshire, 297
Thomason, George, 2, 5, 285
Thompson, Cornet, 502
Thompson, William, 500–1, 503–4
&nbs
p; Thornton, Alice, 109–10, 143, 393
Thorowgood, Elizabeth, 33
Thynne, Lady Isabella, 270–1, 277, 403
Timperley family, 382
Tippermuir, battle of (1644), 397
Tombes, John, 153
Totnes, Devon, 404
Tovey, Nathaniel, 309
Tower Hamlets: militia, 131
Tower of London, 130–1
Towneley, Mary, 335
Townshend, Aurelian, 537
trained bands: London, 130–1, 193; pillage and plunder, 187; at first battle of Newbury, 255–6, 261–2; desertions, 324
Trapnel, Anna: account of war, 3, 41; London background, 40–6, 56–7, 70, 283, 470; religious convictions, 46–8, 69, 146, 473–4, 511, 520, 532; and local troops, 131; motives in war, 142; gives valuables to army, 282; accused of witchcraft, 376; preaching, prophecies and visions, 468–70, 475–6, 532; mother’s death, 470; fasting, 471–2, 475, 517; moves to Minories, 473; witnesses Royalists in Second Civil War, 534; in Bridewell prison, 565; denounces Cromwell, 565; A Legacy for Saints, 471
Trapnel, William (Anna’s father), 41, 45
Treason in Ireland (pamphlet), 111
Trencher, Sir Thomas, 137
Trevor, Sir Arthur, 333
Troutbeck, John, 172
True Leveller’s Standard Advanced, The (pamphlet), 526
True and perfect Relation of…the Kings Army, at Old Brainceford, A (pamphlet), 294
True Relation of Two Merchants of London, A (pamphlet), 292
True Tale of Robin Hood, The, 515–16
Tuke, Thomas, 519
Turnham Green, 194, 253, 285, 507
Tusser, Thomas, 235, 343
Twelfth Night, 234
Twysden, Isabella, 4–6, 432–3
Twysden, Roger, 433
Tyburn: Henrietta Maria’s pilgrimage to, 28–9
Tyler, Wat, 516
Tynte, Henry, 436
Tynte, Colonel John, 436
Ulster: rebellion (November 1641), 109–14, 146; sends troops to support Royalists in Second Civil War, 539
Van Dyck, Sir Anthony see Dyck, Sir Anthony van
Vane, Sir Henry, the elder, 64, 115
Vane, Sir Henry, the younger, 420, 554
Vaughan, Henry, 442
Vavasour, Sir William, 220–1
Veel (Veil), Marquis de la, 260, 298
venison, 353–5
Verney family: divisions in, 164–5; celebrate Christmas, 242–3
Verney, Sir Edmund: on campaign in Scotland, 84; royalism, 164, 166; killed at Edgehill, 165–6, 180–1, 254
Verney, Sir Edmund, the younger, 164, 254, 391, 564
Verney, Henry, 303
Verney, Jack (Mary’s son), 12, 390–1
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