The English Civil War: A People’s History (Text Only)

by Diane Purkiss

  Palmer, Robert, 240

  pamphlets: proliferation, 408–9

  Parker, Henry, 506

  Parliament: Charles dissolves, 22; financial prerogative, 25, 93; nature, composition and role, 90–5; relations with Charles, 95–6; Charles summons (‘Short Parliament’, April 1640), 89, 94–6, 104, 164; (November 1640), 97–8; as defender of Protestantism, 104, 115; Long Parliament (1640–53), 107, 150, 164, 464; approves Grand Remonstrance, 118—20; Charles enters to arrest Pym and colleagues, 122–3, 126; petitions to, 131, 173; claims legitimacy of rule, 209; subcommittee reforms Church practices, 233, 238; impeaches Henrietta Maria, 251; demands for money, 279–80; divisions in, 279–80; peace party, 279–81, 416; and women’s peace petition (1643), 280–1, 283; takes Charles into custody, 454; Army Council’s disputes with, 455–6; Charles rejects peace terms, 458; attacked by radicals and Cavaliers, 467; dislike of New Model Army’s demands, 485–6; denies equal rights to women, 508; negotiations with Charles in captivity, 541, 547–9, 550; Pride forcibly removes members (‘Pride’s Purge’), 550–1, 554; Rump, 550, 563

  Parliament Joan see Alkin, Elizabeth

  Parliamentary Journal, The, 376

  Parliaments Post, The (journal), 378

  Parne, Abel, 268–9

  Partridge, John: Treasuries of Commodious Conceits and Hidden Secrets, 343, 348

  Paulet, John, 1st Baron, 284

  Pelham, Sir William, 151

  Pembroke Castle, 533–4

  Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of, 454

  Penruddock, John, 185, 205

  Penzance, Cornwall, 537–8, 540

  Pepys, Samuel, 2, 242, 390

  Percy family, 49–50

  Percy, Dorothy (Lucy Hay’s sister), 66–7

  Percy, Henry, Baron Percy of Alnwick, 424

  Percy, Thomas, 50

  Perfect Diurnall, A (newspaper), 207, 286

  Perkins, Corporal, 502

  Perkins, Edward, 148

  Perkins, William: Discourse of the Damned Art of Witchcraft, 383

  Perth: Five Articles of (1618), 74, 79; Montrose enters, 397

  Peter, Hugh, 283, 422

  Petition of Right (1628), 93, 95, 104, 156

  Petre family, 135

  Petter (Lady Harley’s servant), 218–19

  Petty, Maximilian, 493, 496

  Phelips, Sir Robert, 91

  Philip III, King of Spain, 16

  Philiphaugh: battle and massacre (1645), 400

  Phillips, Anne, 310

  pillaging, 185–7; see also atrocities; iconoclasm

  plague, 276, 310, 404, 414

  Plain Man’s Pathway to Heaven, The, 9

  plunder see atrocities; iconoclasm

  Plymouth, 208–9, 363

  Pontefract, 432

  poor, the: food and diet, 341–2, 517; and riots, 514–15; and Diggers, 517–18, 522–3

  Poplar, London, 42, 45

  Porter, Endymion, 34

  Porter, Olive, 34

  postal service, 188

  Potter, Agnes, 178

  Potter, Hannibal, 274

  Pouch, Captain, 514

  Powell family, 317–18

  Powell (defector to Royalists), 222

  Powell, Richard, 317

  Powlten, Ansell, 173, 409

  Powys, William Herbert, 1st Baron, 64

  Poyer, Colonel John, 545

  Prayer Book, 27, 71, 173, 437; Scottish, 71, 75, 79

  preaching and sermons: prevalence, 46–8, 187; in London, 283–4; in New Model Army, 422; post-war spread, 465, 467

  Presbyterianism: in Scotland (the Kirk), 73–5, 79; in Ulster, 89; proposed for England, 215; differences with Independents, 279, 433, 465; Cromwell turns against, 337; attempts to convert Charles, 452–3, 547

  press freedom, 408–9

  Preston, battle of (1648), 539–40

  Preston, John, 480

  Pride, Colonel Thomas, 550, 554

  Privy Council: role, 23

  Proctor, William, 570

  Protestantism: and Thirty Years War, 75; Parliament protects, 93; fear of Catholicism, 100–1, 107–8, 113, 131; refugees from Ireland, 114–15

  Providence Company, 104

  Prynne, William: ears cropped, 9, 98, 200–1, 312; opposes Laud’s reforms, 27; hostility to theatre, 34; released from prison (1640), 98–9; hostility to Laud, 99, 211–12; and Robert Harley, 146, 150; moved to Caernarvon Castle, 199; seen as martyr, 200–1, 213; Laud charges with treason, 373; Breviate of the Life of William Laud, 212; Histrio-Mastix, 200, 214; News from Ipswich, 199–200; The Popish Royal Favourite, 30

  Pulter, Hester, 394–5

  Puritans: Laud suppresses, 27; celebrate Gunpowder Plot, 101

  Puryer, George, 85, 99–100

  Putney debates: sessions, 458, 487–98; women absent from, 509

  Pym, John: collaborates with Hampden, 23; supports Covenanters, 82; status and activities in Parliament, 94–5, 97, 99–100, 103–5; negotiates with Scots, 96, 104–5; anti-Catholicism, 100–1, 104–8, 118, 248, 383; background, 102—3; interests in New World, 104; on Irish rebellion, 112–13; and trial of Strafford, 115–16; formulates Grand Remonstrance, 118–20; on threat to Parliament, 118; activities in Parliament, 121; Charles plans arrest of, 122–3; as supposed lover of Lucy Hay, 124–5; religious practices, 146; and Solemn League and Covenant, 215, 280; and women’s peace petitioners, 280; death, 281, 327; opposes peace negotiations, 327; and Independents, 433; arguments, 492

  Queen’s Closet Opened, The (recipe book), 343

  Quickly, Dr (of Balliol College, Oxford), 271

  Rabisha, William, 348

  Radwinter, Essex, 203

  Raglan Castle, Wales, 432

  Rainsborough, Thomas: excluded from New Model Army, 421; background and character, 488–9; republicanism, 488–9; at Putney debates, 491, 493–7, 509; presents Army Agreement at Corkbush Field, 498; at siege of Colchester (1648), 541; killed at Pontefract, 542

  Ralegh, Sir Walter, 51

  rape, 290–1; see also women

  Ratcliff, Mrs (of Burridge House), 87

  Ratcliffe, London, 361

  Read, Edward, 290

  Reading, Berkshire, 213, 255

  receipt books, 274–5, 343; see also cookbooks

  recusants, 106–7

  Red Regiment (London trained band): at first battle of Newbury, 256–9, 261–2

  Regall Tyrannie Discovered (Leveller pamphlet), 478–9

  Reigate Castle, 536

  Reni, Guido, 60

  Restormel Castle, 359

  Reynolds, John, 171, 501

  Rich, Charles, 133

  Rich, Colonel Nathaniel, 494

  Richelieu, Cardinal Armand Jean Duplessis, Due de, 90

  Rickmansworth, 96

  Rigby, Alexander, 327–8

  riots: causes and conduct of, 513–14

  Rivers family, 381

  Rivers, John Savage, 2nd Earl of, 133, 513

  Rivers, Mary, Countess of, 133–5, 137, 139, 403, 513

  Robartes, John, Baron, 347, 358, 365

  Robin Hood, 515–16, 521, 527

  Robinson, Edward, 430

  Robinson, George, 264

  Rochford, John Cary, Viscount, 177

  Roman Catholicism: Henrietta Maria’s devotion to, 28–31, 33—6; popular hostility to, 29–31, 99–100, 106, 121, 131; adherents in England, 34–5; in Scotland, 80; Pym’s measures against, 100—1, 104—8, 118–20; in army against Scots, 102; supposed conspiracies and plots, 107–9, 112–13, 146; in Irish rebellion (November 1641), 110–12; persecuted and harassed, 133–9, 197, 203, 416; priests killed, 137–9; and cult of Virgin Mary, 237; and celebration of Christmas, 241; Milton’s hostility to, 305, 307, 321; and witchcraft, 381–2; denied tolerance in Putney debates, 497; Parker claims as international conspiracy, 506; Cromwell slaughters in Ireland, 564

  Root and Branch Petition (1640), 121, 202

  Rothes, John Leslie, 6th Earl of, 79

  Rous, Anthony, 102–3

  Ro
well, John, 301

  Royal Society, 408

  Rubens, Sir Peter Paul: and Jordaens, 60; altarpiece destroyed, 244–5, 564; physicality of paintings, 245–6; mission to England, 246–7; and Banqueting House paintings, 339

  Rumler, John Wolfgang, 267

  Rupert, Prince Palatine: and Charles’s action against Parliamentary enemies, 123; at Edgehill, 175–8, 190; character and qualities, 175–6; threatens to plunder Leicester (1642), 187; atrocities, 188, 259; at Brentford, 193; in Oxford, 250–1; attacks Bristol, 252, 285; at Chalgrove field, 281; Londoners fear, 285; men accused of violating women, 291; at Lathom House, 327; campaign in north, 327–8; speed of movement, 327, 419, 533; defeated at Marston Moor, 329–30, 332–3, 335; retires to York, 336; joins up with Montrose, 337; and foragers, 344; accused of using witchcraft, 377; surrenders, 404; attacks Leicester (1645), 425; unpopularity, 425; at Naseby, 426–9, 432; looting and raiding, 515

  Rushworth, John, 286

  Russell, Frank, 338

  Rutherford, Samuel, 74

  Ruthven, General Patrick (Earl of Forth and Brentford), 370

  Rye House plot (1683), 448

  Ryves, Bruno, 132–3, 292

  Sacheverell, Lucy, 273

  St Dunstan’s parish, Stepney, 41–2, 48

  St Ives, Cornwall, 537

  St John, Oliver, 24, 104, 326

  St Keverne, Cornwall, 538

  St Michael’s Mount, Cornwall, 537–8

  St Osyth, Essex, 381

  Salisbury Cathedral, 199

  Salmacida Spolia (masque), 246

  Saltmarsh, John, 117

  Salusbury, Sir Thomas, 160–4, 167, 177

  Sandys, Thomas, 227

  Saunders, Henry, 523

  Sawyer, Henry, 12

  Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, 1st Viscount: refuses to pay Ship Money, 24; supports Covenanters, 82; and Pym, 104; and Robert Harley, 145; opposes peace negotiations, 327; on Cromwell’s victory at Marston Moor, 337

  Scilly Isles, 405, 412

  Scotland (and Scots): tensions with England, 71–2, 83; relations to monarch, 72—3, 80; ethnic-geographic division, 73, 80; religious differences and practices, 73–7, 80; Charles marches against (1639), 84–5; invades Northumberland and Durham, 88, 96–7; Pym negotiates with, 96, 104–5; new alliance with England (Solemn League and Covenant), 210, 215, 233; forces capture Newcastle (1644), 283; invades England (1644), 300, 323; forces at Marston Moor, 328–30, 337; witch-prosecutions in, 377; Highland clans raised by Montrose, 397; Montrose’s campaign in, 397—9; Charles surrenders to, 401, 452; effects of Naseby on, 433–4; Charles escapes to, 442, 451; importance of Covenant in, 453; Charles’s secret agreement with, 462; in Second Civil War, 533–5, 538–40

  Scottish Prayer Book, 71, 75, 79

  Scrope, Sir Adrian, 183

  Scudamore, Sir John, 1st Viscount, 212, 221

  Scudder, Timothy, 87

  Scullard, John, 173

  Sealed Knot, 209

  seals (official), 569

  Second Civil War: outbreak, 499, 532–3

  Sedgewick, John, 187

  Seekers (sect), 381

  Self-Denying Ordinance, 421, 482

  separates (manuscript news-sheets), 146

  sermons see preaching and sermons

  servants, 43–4

  Seton, Alexander, 1st Earl of Dunfermline (earlier Baron Fyvie), 11

  Seton of Pitmedden: killed at Bridge of Dee, 86

  Seven Champions of Christendom, The (drama), 514

  Sexby, Edward, 490

  Seymour, Sir Francis, 105

  Shakespeare, William, 162

  Sharpe, Kevin, 34

  Sheldon, Major Thomas, 225, 232

  Shepton Mallet, Somerset, 141

  Sherfield, Henry, 199

  Sherrard, Joan, 48

  Ship Money, 22–6, 95–6, 104, 123

  Shipton, Mother, 378

  Shropshire: Royalist sympathies, 153

  Shrovetide, 60–1

  Sidney, Algernon, 554

  Sidney, Sir Philip: Arcadia, 459

  Signs and Wonders from Heaven (pamphlet), 376–7

  Simcotts, Dr (of Huntingdon), 21

  Simon of Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, 516

  Simpson, John, 48

  Skinner, Robert, 240

  Skippon, Major General Philip: and Catholic Irish in Holland, 89; leads London trained bands, 130, 193; qualities, 130, 193; at first battle of Newbury, 253, 255; and Essex’s departure from Lostwithiel, 365–6; surrenders at Lostwithiel, 366–7, 369; revenge at second battle of Newbury, 369; promises payment of pay arrears to soldiers, 417; wounded at Naseby, 427–8, 432; London command in Second Civil War, 534; death, 567

  Slingsby, Henry, 328, 394

  Slingsby, Walter, 230

  Small, Nicholas, 414

  Smith, Anne, 324

  Smith, Colonel, 302, 304

  Smith, Edward, 151

  Smith, Captain John, 181

  Smith, William (commander of Oxford Castle), 270

  Snayde, Colonel, 288

  soldiers: qualities and recruitment, 416–19; weapons and equipment, 418–19; provisions, 419; religious motivation, 422; see also New Model Army

  Soldier’s Pocket Bible, The, 422

  Solemn League and Covenant, 215, 233, 238, 280, 482, 519–20

  Somerset: Royalist misbehaviour in, 435–6; Clubmen in, 436–7; widows petition for pensions, 441

  Somerset House, London, 34, 58

  Souldiers Demand, The (pamphlet), 505–6

  Sourton Down, Devon, 228

  South Brent, Somerset, 436

  Southcott family., 135

  Spain: supposed intervention, 87

  Spearman, Ann, 512

  Spenser, Edmund, 107, 308

  spies and spying, 410

  Sprigge, Joshua, 293, 429–30

  Springate, William, 191

  Springet, Colonel, 264

  Star Chamber: role, 22

  Stearne, John, 380–3, 386

  Stepney, 41–2; witches, 376

  Stevens, Mr (of Cirencester), 293

  Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire, 541

  Stock, Richard, 306

  Stone, Lawrence, 34

  Stow, John, 305

  Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of: ambitions, 68–9; Lucy Hay falls for, 68–9, 88; policy in Scotland, 78, 105; Charles recalls from Ireland, 87–90; earldom, 88; as Lord Deputy of Ireland, 89; ill health, 90; Pym attacks, 105; tried and executed, 115–17, 122, 126, 151, 222, 248, 544, 555, 559; petition against, 121; Bevil Grenville opposes attainder, 158

  Strand Maypole (London), 301

  Stratton, Cornwall, 228–9

  Strode, William, 94–5, 123, 280

  Stubbes, Philip, 236

  Suckling, Sir John, 117; Fragmenta Aurea, 442

  Sueur, Hubert le, 14

  Suffolk, Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of, 358

  Summers, William, 290

  Sunday: respected, 233, 238; dancing and piping on, 437

  surgeons and surgery, 411–13, 420

  Sutton, Henry, 173

  Swindon, Wiltshire, 259

  Sydenham, Sir Edward, 180

  Symmonds, Edward: A military Sermon, 295–6

  Symonds, Richard, 59, 145, 150, 359–60, 366, 567

  Symonds, Richard (cousin), 359

  Syon House, Middlesex, 457, 548

  Tasman, Abel, 300

  Taunton: provisioning, 346; sieges and relief of (1644–5), 414, 437–40

  taxation: and Parliament, 93, 279–80; increased, 209–10; see also Forced Loan; Ship Money

  Taylor, John (‘the water poet’), 241–2, 345

  Temple, Anne, 395

  Thames, river: freezes, 283, 347

  theatre, 9, 34–5, 408, 463–4

  Thirty Years War, 75, 111, 176, 208

  Thistlesworth, Yorkshire, 297

  Thomason, George, 2, 5, 285

  Thompson, Cornet, 502

  Thompson, William, 500–1, 503–4

&nbs
p; Thornton, Alice, 109–10, 143, 393

  Thorowgood, Elizabeth, 33

  Thynne, Lady Isabella, 270–1, 277, 403

  Timperley family, 382

  Tippermuir, battle of (1644), 397

  Tombes, John, 153

  Totnes, Devon, 404

  Tovey, Nathaniel, 309

  Tower Hamlets: militia, 131

  Tower of London, 130–1

  Towneley, Mary, 335

  Townshend, Aurelian, 537

  trained bands: London, 130–1, 193; pillage and plunder, 187; at first battle of Newbury, 255–6, 261–2; desertions, 324

  Trapnel, Anna: account of war, 3, 41; London background, 40–6, 56–7, 70, 283, 470; religious convictions, 46–8, 69, 146, 473–4, 511, 520, 532; and local troops, 131; motives in war, 142; gives valuables to army, 282; accused of witchcraft, 376; preaching, prophecies and visions, 468–70, 475–6, 532; mother’s death, 470; fasting, 471–2, 475, 517; moves to Minories, 473; witnesses Royalists in Second Civil War, 534; in Bridewell prison, 565; denounces Cromwell, 565; A Legacy for Saints, 471

  Trapnel, William (Anna’s father), 41, 45

  Treason in Ireland (pamphlet), 111

  Trencher, Sir Thomas, 137

  Trevor, Sir Arthur, 333

  Troutbeck, John, 172

  True Leveller’s Standard Advanced, The (pamphlet), 526

  True and perfect Relation of…the Kings Army, at Old Brainceford, A (pamphlet), 294

  True Relation of Two Merchants of London, A (pamphlet), 292

  True Tale of Robin Hood, The, 515–16

  Tuke, Thomas, 519

  Turnham Green, 194, 253, 285, 507

  Tusser, Thomas, 235, 343

  Twelfth Night, 234

  Twysden, Isabella, 4–6, 432–3

  Twysden, Roger, 433

  Tyburn: Henrietta Maria’s pilgrimage to, 28–9

  Tyler, Wat, 516

  Tynte, Henry, 436

  Tynte, Colonel John, 436

  Ulster: rebellion (November 1641), 109–14, 146; sends troops to support Royalists in Second Civil War, 539

  Van Dyck, Sir Anthony see Dyck, Sir Anthony van

  Vane, Sir Henry, the elder, 64, 115

  Vane, Sir Henry, the younger, 420, 554

  Vaughan, Henry, 442

  Vavasour, Sir William, 220–1

  Veel (Veil), Marquis de la, 260, 298

  venison, 353–5

  Verney family: divisions in, 164–5; celebrate Christmas, 242–3

  Verney, Sir Edmund: on campaign in Scotland, 84; royalism, 164, 166; killed at Edgehill, 165–6, 180–1, 254

  Verney, Sir Edmund, the younger, 164, 254, 391, 564

  Verney, Henry, 303

  Verney, Jack (Mary’s son), 12, 390–1