In Pursuit of Memory

by Joseph Jebelli

  Kidd, M., ‘Paired helical filaments in electron microscopy of Alzheimer’s disease’, Nature, 197, 1963, 192–3

  Kim, J., and Holtzman, D. M., ‘Prion-like behavior of amyloid-β’, Science, 330 (6006), 2010, 918–19

  Klunk, W. E., Engler, H., Nordberg, A., Wang, Y., Blomqvist, G., Holt, D. P.,… Långström, B., ‘Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B’, Annals of Neurology, 55 (3), 2004, 306–19

  Kondo, T., Asai, M., Tsukita, K., Kutoku, Y., Ohsawa, Y., Sunada, Y.,… Inoue, H., ‘Modeling Alzheimer’s disease with iPSCs reveals stress phenotypes associated with intracellular Abeta and differential drug responsiveness’, Cell Stem Cell, 12 (4), 2013, 487–96

  Kuhn, T. S., The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, 2012

  Lambert, J. C., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C. A., Harold, D., Naj, A. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C.,… Amouyel, P., ‘Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer’s disease’, Nature Genetics, 45 (12), 2013, 1452–8

  Lane, N., Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life, Oxford University Press, 2006

  Lapillonne, H., Kobari, L., Mazurier, C., Tropel, P., Giarratana, M. C., Zanella-Cleon, I.,… Douay, L., ‘Red blood cell generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells: perspectives for transfusion medicine’, Haematologica, 95 (10), 2010, 1651–9

  Learoyd, P., ‘The history of blood transfusion prior to the 20th century’, Transfusion Medicine, 22 (5), 2012, 308–14

  LeDoux, J., Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are, Penguin, 2003

  Lee, M., Bard, F., Johnson-Wood, K., Lee, C., Hu, K., Griffith, S. G.,… Seubert, P., ‘Abeta42 immunization in Alzheimer’s disease generates Abeta N-terminal antibodies’, Annals of Neurology, 58 (3), 2005, 430–5

  Leff, J., ‘Science and society: the psychiatric revolution: care in the community’, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3 (10), 2002, 821–4

  Lemere, C. A., Lopera, F., Kosik, K. S., Lendon, C. L., Ossa, J., Saido, T. C.,… Arango, J. C., ‘The E280A presenilin 1 Alzheimer mutation produces increased A beta 42 deposition and severe cerebellar pathology’, Nature Medicine, 2 (10), 1996, 1146–50

  Levy-Lahad, E., Wasco, W., Poorkaj, P., Romano, D. M., Oshima, J., Pettingell, W. H.,… Tanzi, R. E., ‘Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer’s disease locus’, Science, 269 (5226), 1995, 973–7

  Levy-Lahad, E., Wijsman, E. M., Nemens, E., Anderson, L., Goddard, K. A., Weber, J. L.,… Schellenberg, G. D., ‘A familial Alzheimer’s disease locus on chromosome 1’, Science, 269 (5226), 1995, 970–3

  Lipinski, C., and Hopkins, A., ‘Navigating chemical space for biology and medicine’, Nature, 432 (7019), 2004, 855–61

  Loffredo, F. S., Steinhauser, M. L., Jay, S. M., Gannon, J., Pancoast, J. R., Yalamanchi, P.,… Lee, R. T., ‘Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy’, Cell, 153 (4), 2013, 828–39

  Lømo, T., ‘The discovery of long-term potentiation’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 358 (1432), 2003, 617–20

  Lucey, B. P., and Holtzman, D. M., ‘How amyloid, sleep and memory connect’, Nature Neuroscience, 18 (7), 2015, 933–4

  McCay, C. M., Pope, F., Lunsford, W., Sperling, G., Sambhavaphol, P., ‘Parabiosis between old and young rats’, Gerontologia, 1 (1), 1957, 7–17

  McEwen, B. S., and Gianaros, P. J., ‘Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 2010, 190–222

  , ‘Stress- and allostasis-induced brain plasticity’, Annual Review of Medicine, 62, 2011, 431–45

  McGeer, P. L., Itagaki, S., Tago, H., McGeer, E. G., ‘Reactive microglia in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type are positive for the histocompatibility glycoprotein HLA-DR’, Neuroscience Letters, 79 (1–2), 1987, 195–200

  Magnusson, S., Where Memories Go: Why Dementia Changes Everything, Two Roads, 2015

  Mander, B. A., Marks, S. M., Vogel, J. W., Rao, V., Lu, B., Saletin, J. M.,… Walker, M. P., ‘β-amyloid disrupts human NREM slow waves and related hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation’, Nature Neuroscience, 18 (7), 2015, 1051–7

  Mapstone, M., Cheema, A. K., Fiandaca, M. S., Zhong, X., Mhyre, T. R., MacArthur, L. H.,… Federoff, H. J., ‘Plasma phospholipids identify antecedent memory impairment in older adults’, Nature Medicine, 20 (4), 2014, 415–18

  Marcello, E., Gardoni, F., Di Luca, M., ‘Alzheimer’s disease and modern lifestyle: what is the role of stress?’, Journal of Neurochemistry, 134 (5), 2015, 795–8

  Márquez, G. G., One Hundred Years of Solitude, Harper Perennial, 1967

  Maurer, K., and Maurer, U., Alzheimer: The Life of a Physician and the Career of a Disease, Columbia University Press, 2003

  Medawar, P., Advice to a Young Scientist, Basic Books, 1981

  , The Limits of Science, Oxford University Press, 1985

  Merton, R. K., Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth-Century England, Howard Fertig, 2002

  Meyer-Luehmann, M., Coomaraswamy, J., Bolmont, T., Kaeser, S., Schaefer, C., Kilger, E.,… Jucker, M., ‘Exogenous induction of cerebral beta-amyloidogenesis is governed by agent and host’, Science, 313 (5794), 2006, 1781–4

  Miklossy, J., ‘Alzheimer’s disease–a neurospirochetosis. Analysis of the evidence following Koch’s and Hill’s criteria’, Journal of Neuroinflammation, 8, 2011, 90

  Moran, M., Lynch, C. A., Walsh, C., Coen, R., Coakley, D., Lawlor, B. A., ‘Sleep disturbance in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease’, Sleep Medicine, 6 (4), 2005, 347–52

  Morris, L. G., Veeriah, S., Chan, T. A., ‘Genetic determinants at the interface of cancer and neurodegenerative disease’, Oncogene, 29 (24), 2010, 3453–64

  Morris, M., Maeda, S., Vossel, K., Mucke, L., ‘The many faces of tau’, Neuron, 70 (3), 2011, 410–26

  Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Bennett, D. A., Aggarwal, N. T., ‘MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer’s disease’, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11 (9), 2015, 1007–14

  Mortimer, J. A., Borenstein, A. R., Gosche, K. M., Snowdon, D. A., ‘Very early detection of Alzheimer neuropathology and the role of brain reserve in modifying its clinical expression’, Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 18 (4), 2005, 218–22

  Motter, R., Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Kholodenko, D., Barbour, R., Johnson-Wood, K., Galasko, D.,… Schenk, D., ‘Reduction of beta-amyloid peptide 42 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s disease’, Annals of Neurology, 38 (4), 1995, 643–8

  Mozolic, J. L., Hayasaka, S., Laurienti, P. J., ‘A cognitive training intervention increases resting cerebral blood flow in healthy older adults’, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 2010, 16

  Mukherjee, S., The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer, Fourth Estate, 2011

  , Laws of Medicine (TED), Simon & Schuster, 2015

  , The Gene: An Intimate History, Bodley Head, 2016

  Musiek, E. S., and Holtzman, D. M., ‘Three dimensions of the amyloid hypothesis: time, space and “wingmen”’, Nature Neuroscience, 18 (6), 2015, 800–6

  Nedergaard, M., ‘Garbage truck of the brain’, Science, 340 (6140), 2013, 1529–30

  Nelson, L., Gard, P., Tabet, N., ‘Hypertension and inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: close partners in disease development and progression’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 41 (2), 2014, 331–43

  Nelson, L., and Tabet, N., ‘Slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease: what works?’, Ageing Research Reviews, 23, Pt B, 2015, 193–209

  Neri, G., and Opitz, J. M., ‘Down syndrome: comments and reflections on the 50th anniversary of Lejeune’s discovery’, American Journal of Medical Genetics A, 149A (12), 2009, 2647–54

  Newton, R. D., ‘The identity of Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia and their relationship to senility’, British Journal of Psychiatr
y, 94 (395), 1948, 225–49

  Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., Levälahti, E., Ahtiluoto, S., Antikainen, R.,… Kivipelto, M., ‘A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial’, Lancet, 385 (9984), 2015, 2255–63

  Nicoll, J. A., Wilkinson, D., Holmes, C., Steart, P., Markham, H., Weller, R. O., ‘Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report’, Nature Medicine, 9 (4), 448–52

  Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., Helmchen, F.,‘Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo’, Science, 308 (5726), 2005, 1314–18

  Noble, D., The Music of Life: Biology Beyond Genes, Oxford University Press, 2008

  Nordberg, A., Rinne, J. O., Kadir, A., Långström, B., ‘The use of PET in Alzheimer disease’, Nature Reviews Neurology, 6 (2), 2010, 78–87

  Office for National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin: Deaths Registered in England and Wales (Series DR): 2015, 14 November 2016

  Ono, K., Hasegawa, K., Naiki, H., Yamada, M., ‘Curcumin has potent anti-amyloidogenic effects for Alzheimer’s beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro’, Journal of Neuroscience Research, 75 (6), 2004, 742–50

  Pandav, R., Dodge, H. H., DeKosky, S. T., Ganguli, M., ‘Blood pressure and cognitive impairment in India and the United States: a cross-national epidemiological study’, Archives of Neurology, 60 (8), 2003, 1123–8

  Pandav, R., Fillenbaum, G., Ratcliff, G., Dodge, H., Ganguli, M., ‘Sensitivity and specificity of cognitive and functional screening instruments for dementia: the Indo-US Cross-National Dementia Epidemiology Study’, Journal of the America Geriatric Society, 50 (3), 2002, 554–61

  Pandav, R., Mehta, A., Belle, S. H., Martin, D. E., Chandra, V., Dodge, H. H., Ganguli, M., ‘Data management and quality assurance for an international project: the Indo-US Cross-National Dementia Epidemiology Study’, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17 (6), 2002, 510–18

  Park, H. W., ‘Longevity, aging, and caloric restriction: Clive Maine McCay and the construction of a multidisciplinary research program’, Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences, 40 (1), 2010, 79–124

  Paul, S. M., and Reddy, K., ‘Young blood rejuvenates old brains’, Nature Medicine, 20 (6), 2014, 582–3

  Perlmutter, D., Grain Brain: The Surprising Truth about Wheat, Carbs, and Sugar–Your Brain’s Silent Killers, Yellow Kite, 2014

  Perry, E. K., Perry, R. H., Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B. E., ‘Necropsy evidence of central cholinergic deficits in senile dementia’, Lancet, 1 (8004), 1977, 189

  Perry, G., Avila, J., Kinoshita, J., Smith, M. A., Alzheimer’s Disease: A Century of Scientific and Clinical Research, IOS Press, 2006

  Perry, V. H., Nicoll, J. A., Holmes, C., ‘Microglia in neurodegenerative disease’, Nature Reviews Neurology, 6 (4), 2010, 193–201

  Pierrot, N., Lhommel, R., Quenon, L., Hanseeuw, B., Dricot, L., Sindic, C.,… Ivanoiu, A., ‘Targretin improves cognitive and biological markers in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 49 (2), 2016, 271–6

  Popham, P., ‘Dementia: I have a 50:50 chance. But I try not to worry’, Independent, 16 August 2012

  Popovich, P. G., and Longbrake, E. E., ‘Can the immune system be harnessed to repair the CNS?’, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9 (6), 2008, 481–93

  Popper, K., The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Routledge, 2002

  Porter, R., Madness: A Brief History, Oxford University Press, 2002

  Power, R. A., Steinberg, S., Bjornsdottir, G., Rietveld, C. A., Abdellaoui, A., Nivard, M. M.,… Stefansson, K., ‘Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder predict creativity’, Nature Neuroscience, 18 (7), 2015, 953–5

  Pratchett, T., Shaking Hands with Death, Penguin, 2014

  Prince, M., ‘The need for research on dementia in developing countries’, Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2 (10), 1997, 993–1000

  Prince, M., Bryce, R., Ferri, C., ‘The benefits of early diagnosis and intervention’, Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), 2011

  Prince, M., Comas-Herrera, A., Knapp, M., Guerchet, M., Karagiannidou, M., ‘World Alzheimer’s Report 2016: Improving healthcare for people living with dementia: coverage, quality and costs now and in the future’, Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), 2016

  Prince, M., Wimo, A., Maëlenn, G., Ali G., Wu, Y., Prina, M., ‘World Alzheimer Report 2015: The global impact of dementia: an analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends’, Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), 2015

  Prusiner, S. B., Madness and Memory: The Discovery of Prions–A New Biological Principle of Disease, Yale University Press, 2016

  Psaltopoulou T., and Sergentanis, T., ‘Mediterranean diet may reduce Alzheimer’s risk’, Evidence-based Medicine, 20 (6), 2015, 202

  Raine, C. S., ‘Correspondence: re: Robert Terry and Robert Katzman’, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 1, 2005, 90–1

  Ransohoff, R. M., ‘Ageing: blood ties’, Nature, 447, 2011, 41–2

  Ratcliff, G., Ganguli, M., Chandra, V., Sharma, S., Belle, S., Seaberg, E., Pandav, R., ‘Effects of literacy and education on measures of word fluency’, Brain and Language, 61 (1), 1998, 115–22

  Reagan, R., Proclamation 5565–National Alzheimer’s Disease Month [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:19 a.m., November 6, 1986], 1986

  , Handwritten letter courtesy of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, 5 November 1994

  Rennie, J., ‘The mice that missed: two models for Alzheimer’s disease are retracted’, Scientific American, 1 June 1992

  Ridley, M., Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters, Fourth Estate, 2000

  Ridley, R. M., Baker, H. F., Windle, C. P., Cummings, R. M., ‘Very long term studies of the seeding of beta-amyloidosis in primates’, Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna), 113 (9), 2006, 1243–51

  Robakis, N. K., Ramakrishna, N., Wolfe, G., Wisniewski, H. M., ‘Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the cerebrovascular and the neuritic plaque amyloid peptides’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 84 (12), 1987, 4190–4

  Rockwood, K., Lindsay, J., McDowell, I., ‘High blood pressure and dementia’, Lancet, 348 (9019), 1996, 65–6

  Rogaev, E. I., Sherrington, R., Rogaeva, E. A., Levesque, G., Ikeda, M., Liang, Y.,… St George-Hyslop, P. H., ‘Familial Alzheimer’s disease in kindreds with missense mutations in a gene on chromosome 1 related to the Alzheimer’s disease type 3 gene’, Nature, 376 (6543), 1995, 775–8

  Roh, J. H., Huang, Y., Bero, A. W., Kasten, T., Stewart, F. R., Bateman, R. J., Holtzman, D. M., ‘Disruption of the sleep–wake cycle and diurnal fluctuation of β-amyloid in mice with Alzheimer’s disease pathology’, Science Translational Medicine, 4 (150), 2012, 150ra122

  Rosca, E. C., Rosca, O., Simu, M., Chirileanu, R. D., ‘HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: a historical review’, Neurologist, 18 (2), 2012, 64–7

  Rosén, C., Hansson, O., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., ‘Fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease–current concepts’, Molecular Neurodegeneration, 8 (20), 2013, 1–11

  Roses, A. D., ‘On the discovery of the genetic association of Apolipoprotein E genotypes and common late-onset Alzheimer disease’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 9, 3 Suppl, 2006, 361–6

  Roth, M., Tomlinson, B. E., Blessed, G., ‘Correlation between scores for dementia and counts of “senile plaques” in cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects’, Nature, 209 (5018), 1996, 109–10

  Sacks, O., The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, Picador, 2011

  , The Mind’s Eye, Picador, 2011

  , Awakenings, Picador, 2012

  St George-Hyslop, P., Haines, J., Rogaev, E., Mortilla, M., Vaula, G., Pericak-Vance, M.,… Crapper McLachlan, D., ‘Genetic evidence for a novel familial Alzheimer’s d
isease locus on chromosome 14’, Nature Genetics, 2 (4), 1992, 330–4

  St George-Hyslop, P. H., Tanzi, R. E., Polinsky, R. J., Haines, J. L., Nee, L., Watkins, P. C.,… Gusella, J. F., ‘The genetic defect causing familial Alzheimer’s disease maps on chromosome 21’, Science, 235 (4791), 1987, 885–90

  Sapolsky, R. M., Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers, St Martin’s Press, 2004

  Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D., George-Hyslop, P. H., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Joo, S. H.,… Roses, A. D., ‘Association of apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease’, Neurology, 43 (8), 1993, 1467–72

  Schellenberg, G. D., Bird, T. D., Wijsman, E. M., Orr, H. T., Anderson, L., Nemens, E.,… Martin, G. M., ‘Genetic linkage evidence for a familial Alzheimer’s disease locus on chromosome 14’, Science, 258 (5082), 1992, 668–71

  Schenk, D., ‘Amyloid-β immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease: the end of the beginning’, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 2002, 824–8

  Scudellari, M., ‘How iPS cells changed the world’, Nature, 534 (7607), 2016, 310–12

  Selkoe, D. J., Mandelkow, E., Holtzman, D. M, The Biology of Alzheimer Disease, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2012

  Selye, H., The Stress of Life, McGraw-Hill/Schaum’s Outlines, 1978

  Seok, J., Warren, H. S., Cuenca, A. G., Mindrinos, M. N., Baker, H. V., Xu, W.,… Host Response to Injury, L. S. C. R. P., ‘Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (9), 2013, 3507–12

  Sepulveda-Falla, D., Glatzel, M., Lopera, F., ‘Phenotypic profile of early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease caused by presenilin-1 E280A mutation’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 32 (1), 2012, 1–12

  Shahim, P., Tegner, Y., Wilson, D. H., Randall, J., Skillback, T., Pazooki, D.,… Zetterberg, H., ‘Blood biomarkers for brain injury in concussed professional ice hockey players’, JAMA Neurology, 71 (6), 2014, 684–92

  Shelley, M., Frankenstein: Or, the Modern Prometheus, Penguin Classics, 2003