by Gary J. Bass
in Indo-Pakistan war (1971), 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, nts.1n
Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), 8.1, nts.1n
Rockefeller, Nelson
Rogers, William, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 10.1, 16.1, epi.1, epi.2, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n
Blood telegram and
China policy and, 7.1, 11.1
on Keating
in South Asia policy debate, 7.1, 7.2
Romania, 7.1, 7.2
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Roy, Mihir, 12.1, 16.1, 16.2, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1
Rustamji, K. F., 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 14.1, 18.1, nts.1n
Rwanda, prl.1, 19.1
Sadat, Anwar al-, 9.1, epi.1
Sadruddin Khan, Prince, 9.1, 12.1, nts.1n
Sainteny, Jean, 7.1, 7.2
Samyukta Socialist Party
San Clemente, Calif., 11.1, 11.2
Santiniketan, 3.1, nts.1n
Saudi Arabia, prl.1, 9.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, epi.1
Saunders, Harold, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 10.1, 13.1, 19.1, nts.1n
Blood cables and
Blood telegram and, 5.1, 7.1
China policy and, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
E. Kennedy and, 15.1, 15.2
Iranian-Jordanian arms transfer and, 19.1, 19.2
U.S. military aid to Pakistan and, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 15.1, nts.1n
U.S. policy challenged by, 7.1, 7.2, 13.1, 19.1, 19.2, nts.1n
Schanberg, Sydney, 2.1, 3.1, 12.1
alleged leak to, 5.1, 10.1
army crackdown and, 4.1, 6.1
in East Pakistan, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 13.1, 17.1, 18.1
expulsions from Pakistan of, 4.1, 13.1, 13.2
Indian border violations and, 17.1, 17.2
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2
refugees and, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 12.1, 16.1
war education of
Scrimshaw, Nevin, 15.1, nts.1n
SEATO Cholera Laboratory, 2.1, 4.1
secession, 4.1, 9.1, 12.1, 16.1, 19.1, epi.1
East Pakistan and, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 16.1, epi.1
in India, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 16.1, 19.1, epi.1
“Selective Genocide” cable (Blood), prl.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, nts.1n
“Selective Genocide” cable (Keating)
Sen, Amartya, nts.1n, nts.2n
Senate, U.S., prl.1, 4.1, 13.1, 19.1
Foreign Relations Committee of, 13.1, 13.2, 17.1
September 2001 terrorist attacks, prl.1, epi.1
Seventh Fleet, U.S., 13.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
Shakespeare, Frank, n
Shankar, Ravi
Shultz, George, 15.1, 19.1
Sikhs, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, epi.1
Simla agreement
Sindh, Sindhis, 2.1, 18.1, 19.1, nts.1n
Singh, Jaswant, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 19.1, epi.1, epi.2
Singh, Sardar Swaran, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 14.1, 14.2, epi.1, nts.1n
foreign tour of, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 16.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, nts.1n, nts.2n
Kissinger’s meetings with, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2
refugees and, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1
United Nations and, 12.1, 12.2
Six-Day War (1967)
Six Points, 2.1, 2.2
socialists, in India, prl.1, 1.1, 3.1, 6.1
South Africa, 7.1, 8.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
South Asia, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 9.1
Indian hegemony in, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1, 19.1, epi.1
map of, map1.1
U.S. policy debate on
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
South Vietnam, 5.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 17.1, nts.1n
democracy in
South Yemen, n
sovereignty, national, prl.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 12.1, 16.1, 18.1, epi.1, epi.2, epi.3, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n
India and, prl.1, prl.2, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, epi.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
Kissinger on, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, epi.1, epi.2, nts.1n
Nixon on, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 13.1, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, epi.1, epi.2, nts.1n, nts.2n
Pakistani, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, nts.1n, nts.2n
Soviet Union, prl.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 12.1, epi.1, epi.2, epi.3, nts.1n
China’s relations with, 9.1, 19.1
Czechoslovakia invaded by (1968), 3.1, 6.1, 14.1, nts.1n
human rights violated by, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 9.1, 14.1, 16.1, epi.1, epi.2, nts.1n
Hungary invaded by (1956), 6.1, 14.1, nts.1n
India’s friendship treaty with, 9.1, 9.2, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, nts.1n
India’s relations with, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 12.1, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 18.1, 19.1, nts.1n
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 9.1, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n, nts.4n
oppression of Jews in, 6.1, 7.1, epi.1
Pakistan’s relations with, 16.1, epi.1, nts.1n
refugee crisis and, 9.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
Spain, 4.1, 12.1, 14.1, 16.1, epi.1
Special Service Bureau (SSB), 12.1, 12.2
Spivack, Herbert, 7.1, 19.1
Stalin, Joseph
State Department, U.S., prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 7.1, 10.1, 16.1, 16.2, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n, nts.4n
Blood’s cables to, see Blood cables, Blood telegram
Blood’s desk job at, 7.1, 13.1, 13.2, 16.1, epi.1
deaths estimated by, prl.1, 10.1, 19.1
E. Kennedy and, 13.1, 15.1
India policy and, 16.1, 16.2
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, nts.1n
intelligence bureau of
Iranian-Jordanian arms transfer and, 19.1, epi.1
Keating’s defiance of, 4.1, 7.1
Kissinger’s relations with, prl.1, 1.1, 2.1, 7.1, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 18.1, 18.2, nts.1n
military supplies to Pakistan held up by, prl.1, prl.2, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 13.1
“massive inaction” and, 2.1, 2.2
Nixon’s relations with, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1
Pakistan breakup feared by
Pakistani political accommodation and, 13.1, 13.2, 17.1
refugee crisis and, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
in South Asia policy debate, 7.1, 7.2
weapons for Pakistan and, prl.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 19.1, 19.2
Yahya’s political accommodation and, 13.1, 13.2
strikes, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1
Subrahmanyam, K., 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 11.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
Suharto
Sunday Times (London),
Syria, epi.1, epi.2, epi.3
T-55 tanks, 9.1, 18.1, nts.1n
Tagore, Rabindranath, 3.1, 3.2, 15.1
Taiwan, 9.1, 10.1, 12.1, 16.1, epi.1
Taliban
tanks, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 13.1, 14.1, nts.1n
in Indo-Pakistan war (1971), 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5
M-24 Chaffee, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 13.1, 17.1, 18.1
T-55, 9.1, 18.1, nts.1n
Tanzania, 9.1, 18.1
Tehran, 5.1, 19.1, 19.2
television, 2.1, 4.1, 11.1, 13.1, 15.1, 19.1, epi.1
terrorism, prl.1, 9.1, 11.1, epi.1, epi.2
against India, 3.1, 3.2, epi.1, epi.2
Thailand
Thant, U, 12.1, nts.1n
Third World
Thomas, Helen, n
Tibet, map1.1, 9.1, 16.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
Tikka Khan, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 18.1, epi.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
Time
Times of India, 6.1, 14.1
Tito, Josip
Broz, 9.1, 16.1
Tripura, map1.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, nts.1n
refugees in, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 15.1, 15.2, nts.1n
Truman, Harry, 1.1, 5.1
Turkey, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, epi.1
United Nations, 1.1, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 11.1, 16.1, 17.1, nts.1n
Charter of, 12.1, 13.1, 18.1, nts.1n
East Pakistan relief and, 9.1, 13.1, 16.1
General Assembly of, 12.1, 12.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 19.1, nts.1n
High Commission for Refugees of, 9.1, 12.1
human rights and, prl.1, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, nts.1n, nts.2n
refugee crisis and, prl.1, 9.1, 12.1, 14.1
Security Council of, 12.1, 12.2, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, epi.1, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n
United States of America
crisis aftermath and, epi.1, epi.2
cyclone response of, 2.1, 2.2, 11.1, nts.1n
as democracy, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 2.1, 10.1, 11.1, 14.1, 16.1
elections in, 5.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
Greek policy of, 2.1, epi.1
intelligence services of, 4.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, nts.1n
Iraq policy and, prl.1, nts.1n
Mujib and, 2.1, 2.2
refugee crisis and, 4.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.1, 13.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 17.1, nts.1n
war on terror of, prl.1, prl.2, epi.1
United States Information Service, 5.1, 13.1, nts.1n
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 9.1, nts.1n
Urdu language, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 13.1, 18.1, 19.1
Uttar Pradesh, map1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 18.1, epi.1, epi.2, nts.1n
Vajpayee, Atal Bihari, 6.1, 6.2, 15.1, 18.1, 19.1
Vietnam War, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 16.1, 17.1, epi.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
ending of, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
My Lai massacre in, 13.1, nts.1n
protest against, 2.1, 13.1, 13.2
Schanberg and, 2.1, 12.1
Vikrant, INS, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, nts.1n
Voice of America, 4.1, 4.2
Waldheim, Kurt
Walzer, Michael, epi.1, epi.2
Warsaw
U.S.-Chinese talks in, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Indian ambassador in
Washington Post, 7.1, 13.1, 17.1, 18.1
Watergate, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, epi.1, epi.2
West Bengal, prl.1, map1.1, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 12.1, epi.1, epi.2, epi.3, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n
I. Gandhi’s visit to
Maoist revolutionaries in, 3.1, 9.1
refugees in, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1, 12.1, 15.1, 15.2, nts.1n, nts.2n
Westmoreland, William, 6.1, 9.1
West Pakistan, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 17.1, 17.2, epi.1, epi.2, nts.1n
China’s relations with
East Pakistan compared with, 2.1, 7.1
elections in, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, epi.1
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.8, 19.9, 19.10, 19.11, 19.12, 19.13, epi.1
map of, map1.1
population of, 2.1, 7.1
transport between East Pakistan and, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 14.1, nts.1n
Yahya’s return to
White House Situation Room meetings, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, nts.1n
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, epi.1
Woods, Rose Mary
Woodward, Bob, epi.1, epi.2
World Bank, 7.1, 8.1, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n, nts.4n
World War II, prl.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1, 10.1, 16.1, 18.1
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) compared with, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, nts.1n
Yahya Khan, Agha Muhammad, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1, epi.1, nts.1n, nts.2n, nts.3n, nts.4n
Bengali atrocities and, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2, epi.1, epi.2
Bengali insurgency and, 12.1, 12.2, 16.1
Blood cables and, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
civil war and, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
crisis aftermath and, epi.1, epi.2
cyclone relief and, 2.1, 7.1
elections and, 2.1, 2.2, nts.1n
E. Kennedy’s attempted meeting with
Farland’s meeting with
India and, 3.1, 3.2, 10.1, 12.1, 16.1
Indian views on, 6.1, 6.2, 19.1, 19.2
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, epi.1
Kissinger’s meetings with, 11.1, 11.2
Mujib’s negotiations with, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1
Mujib’s trial and
Nixon’s correspondence with, 4.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2
Nixon’s friendship with, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 17.1, 17.2, 19.1, nts.1n
ouster of, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, epi.1, epi.2
political accommodation of, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 17.1, 17.2
power seized by, 1.1, 2.1
refugee crisis and, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 18.1, nts.1n
relief efforts and
Soviet message to, 5.1, 9.1
suggested meeting with I. Gandhi and, n
U.S. opening to China and, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, nts.1n
Yeager, Chuck, 7.1, 11.1, 18.1
Yugoslavia, 9.1, 9.2, 18.1, epi.1, nts.1n
Yunus, Muhammad, 2.1, epi.1
Zambia
Zhou Enlai, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 16.1, 18.1, nts.1n
Indo-Pakistan war (1971) and, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
Kissinger’s meetings with, 11.1, 16.1, 16.2
Zimbabwe, 8.1, nts.1n, nts.2n
Zia-ul-Haq, Muhammad, epi.1, epi.2
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Gary J. Bass is the author of Freedom’s Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention and Stay the Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals. He is a professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University. A former reporter for The Economist, he often writes for The New York Times, and has also written for The New Yorker, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, The Boston Globe, The New Republic, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Slate, and other publications.
Other titles by Gary J. Bass available in eBook format
Freedom’s Battle o 978-0-307-26929-4
Visit: www.princeton.edu/~gjbass/
Follow: @Gary__Bass
For more information, please visit www.aaknopf.com
ILLUSTRATIONS
Archer Blood, the U.S. consul general in Dacca, became a staunch dissenter against White House policy. He (left) was at Dacca airport with his wife, Meg Blood (center), and a U.S. Air Force officer (right) on December 18, 1970. (illustration credit ill.1)
Henry Kissinger, the brilliant White House national security advisor, exercised great influence over the president. Nixon (left) and Kissinger pose in the Oval Office, February 10, 1971. (illustration credit ill.2)
East Pakistan in 1970: a street scene in Dacca. (illustration credit ill.3)
and a group of Bengalis in the countryside. (illustration credit ill.4)
Richard Nixon was enduringly loyal to Pakistan’s military dictator, General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan. At this Oval Office meeting, Nixon (right) promises fresh arms sal
es to Yahya (left), on October 25, 1970. (illustration credit ill.5)
Indira Gandhi, India’s prime minister, took a tough line against Pakistan. Here she campaigns at the Red Fort in Delhi, March 3, 1971. (illustration credit ill.6)
Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman, the Bengali nationalist leader, triumphed in Pakistan’s 1970 elections. He rallies his followers at a mass meeting in Dacca, beneath a Bangladeshi flag, March 7, 1971. (illustration credit ill.7)
On March 25, 1971, Pakistan’s military government began a devastating crackdown across East Pakistan. Here Bengalis flee their burning homes in the countryside. (illustration credit ill.8)
Kenneth Keating, the U.S. ambassador to India, confronted Nixon and Kissinger directly about genocide in East Pakistan. Here he (center), Nixon (left), and Kissinger (right) smile for a White House photographer, despite their tense meeting in the Oval Office, June 15, 1971. (illustration credit ill.9)
Kissinger was preoccupied with his historic opening to China, helped by Yahya. On Kissinger’s first secret visit to Beijing, he (left) was awed by Zhou Enlai (right), China’s premier, on July 10–11, 1971. (illustration credit ill.10)
Millions of refugees fled to India, often winding up in desperate conditions in overcrowded refugee camps. (illustration credit ill.11)
Ted Kennedy (center in white shirt), one of Nixon’s toughest Democratic rivals, championed the Bengali cause. He was shocked by the suffering of refugees in India’s border states, including in this refugee hospital in West Bengal, August 12, 1971. (illustration credit ill.12)
Richard Nixon and Indira Gandhi, who despised each other, during their disastrous Washington summit, on the South Lawn of the White House, November 4, 1971. (illustration credit ill.13)
Bengali insurgents in East Pakistan train for combat against the Pakistan army, November 22, 1971. (illustration credit ill.14)
The war for Bangladesh: Indian infantry fighting on the eastern front, December 1971. (illustration credit ill.15)
George H. W. Bush, the future president, made the U.S.’s case against India at the United Nations. (illustration credit ill.16)
New York Times reporter Sydney Schanberg with Indian army officers at war, December 1971. (illustration credit ill.17)