Can't Just Stop
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compulsions as founded in reality, 76
“crazy rules” and, 77–85, 84n
DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for, 79, 85
DSM-III and, 162–63
examples of “rules,” 81–83
hoarding and, 162–63, 180
as a mental illness, 84
number of U.S. adults with, 80–81
online forum for, 77–79
other disorders mistaken for, 83–84
sports and, 88
traits of, 75
who gets it, 81
workaholism and, 85–88, 229
OCD Institute, McLean Hospital, 58, 64–65
Ohms, Jim, 89
Olds, James, 273, 274
Olsen, Steve, 227
Osborn, Ian, 36n
panic disorder, 44, 56
Paradise Lost (Milton), 1, 129
Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, report on dopamine agonists and compulsive behaviors, 271–72
Parkinson’s disease, 267–72
dopamine agonists and compulsive behaviors (gambling, hypersexuality, others), 269–72
Pasadena Art Museum, 242
passive-aggression, 75
Pathology of Mind, The (Maudsley), 154
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, 257, 267
perfectionism, 28, 28n, 74, 79, 183
personality disorders, 84–85
personality types, 74
compulsive personalities, 78
Five Factor Model, 74
Freud’s anal triad, 162
Peterson, Dale, 141n
Petry, Nancy, 126, 127
Pfohl, Bruce, 85
pharmatronics, 112–16
Phillipps, Sir Thomas, 223–26
phobias, 57, 166
Pinel, Philippe, 84
Porter, Roy, 3, 5, 279
Potenza, Marc, 18, 21, 257, 266
Power Planets (video game), 108
pramipexole (Mirapex), 270
Prather, Marla, 241
Prause, Nicole, 25
Precise (Kelley), 246
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, report on brain scans of kidney donors, 231
protein tyrosine phosphokinase, 258
Przybylski, Andrew, 133
Psych Central, 124
Psychiatric Clinics of North America, on illness anxiety disorder, 57
Psychiatric Times, Allen essay in, 70
Psychoanalytic Psychology, McWilliams article on do-gooders, 228–29
Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Weiner on bibliomania and anxiety, 225
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, review of excessive exercise studies, 26
“Psychology of Video Games, The,” 105
Psychology Today, on dopamine and video games, 102
pyromania, 18, 21
Quoidbach, Jordi, 116
Raab, Gerhard, 266
Rasmussen, Steven, 75
Ratey, John, 70
“Reason, Madness, and the French Revolution” (Porter), 3
“Recovering Shopaholic” (blog), 217
Rego, Simon, 23, 59, 61
Reiss, David, 133
repetitive and/or ritualized behavior, 35–45, 88–95. See also specific compulsions
cultural rituals, 91–95
as eccentricity, 149–50
OCD sufferers, 31–34, 37–40, 42–44
Samuel Johnson and, 149–50
sense of control and, 94, 95
sports figures and, 88–91
superstitions and magical rituals, 88–91
reStart: Internet Addiction Recovery Program, 123
Reynolds, Frances, 150
Ricard, Matthieu, 236
Rivers, Joan, 227–28, 229, 234
Rodriguez, Carolyn, 20, 198
Roes, Debbie, 213–15, 217
Rose, The (DeFeo), 241–43
Rovio Entertainment, 102
Running on Empty (Arnold), 7
Salpêtrière Hospital, 84, 84n, 151, 252
Sansone, Carol, 228
Sapolsky, Robert, 71
Savage, Sir George Henry, 155
Saving Normal (Frances), 278n
Saxena, Sanjaya, 179, 180, 182, 201, 256, 262, 263
Scaramelli, Giovanni Battista, 145
Schawlow, Arthur, 240
Schultz, Wolfram, 276
Schwartz, Jeffrey, 63
Scientific American, “Pleasure Centers in the Brain,” 273–74
scrupulosity, 50–54, 93, 148–49
Segal, Marcy, 239, 240
selflessness, 229–34
Sex with Strangers (Eason), 132
shadow syndromes, 69–73, 80
Shadow Syndromes (Ratey), 70
Shanks, Michael, 197
Sharkrunners (video game), 108
Sherrill, Martha, 241
shoplifting (kleptomania), 18, 21, 210, 216, 217–21
anxiety and, 218, 221
example, inability to stop, 218–21
as impulse-control disorder, 218, 221
motivation for, 221
treatment, 220–21
triggers, 221
shopping compulsion, 7–8, 16, 25, 209–17, 215n. See also compulsive acquiring
academic studies of, 209–10
addiction/pleasure-seeking and, 209–11
anxiety and, 209, 211–16
Benson’s program for, 215–17
Benson’s six questions, 215–16
brain function and, 265–66
case of, 213–15, 217
characteristics of shopper, 209
Compulsive Buying Scale, 209
dopamine agonists and, 272
in DSM, 17, 210
emotions related to, 210, 211, 215, 217
impulsivity and, 209, 210
percent of U.S. adults engaging in, 209
research on, 210
roots of, 213–17
stress and, 211
triggers, 211, 212–13, 217
Shulman, Terrence, 188, 219, 221
Shulman Center for Compulsive Theft, Spending, and Hoarding, 188
Skinner, B. F., 108, 114
smartphones
anxiety and, 128, 130–31, 137
checking, average times per day, 131
as comfort objects, 131
compulsively checking, 2, 24
compulsive need to possess, 8, 10
existential dread at being cut off from, 132
FoMO and, 133–37
intermittent/variable rewards and, 133
nomophobia, 131
Smith, Evan, 55–57, 58, 63, 64–65
social anxiety disorder, 186
social media, 4, 129, 135. See also smartphones
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 116
Somyak, Tom, 37–38
Sony eReader, 241
Sparks, Jared, 224
Stacy, Mark, 269
Stafford, Tom, 19, 113, 128, 129
stealing. See shoplifting
Steketee, Gail, 183, 189, 199–200
Strangers Drowning (MacFarquhar), 228
Stroop task, 255
“Superstition and Ritual in American Baseball” (Gmelch), 89
superstitions, 88–91, 89n
Supley, Kyle, 198
Szymanski, Jeff, 22, 23, 40, 60, 63, 256–57, 267
Technology Review, 127
Tetris (video game), 100, 112–13, 114
texting, 104, 130, 132
Thayer Hotel, 87
Thompson, Cynthia, 134
Tiny Mantis company, 100
Tissie, Philippe, 159
To Buy or Not to Buy (Benson), 217
Tolin, David, 199–200, 262–64
Tormenting Thoughts and Secret Rituals (Osborn), 36n
Treatise on Insanity in Its Medical Relations (Hammond), 153
treatment
cognitive behavior therapy, 48, 54, 63, 188–91, 221
correct diagnosis and, 20–21, 33, 220
drug treatment, 9, 62–63
for hoarding, 188–91
nineteenth century and, 157
OCD and, 33, 48, 54, 58–65
for shoplifting, 221
therapists’ lack of knowledge about, 62
trichotillomania, 10–11, 18
Trobriand Islanders, 88–89
Trollope, Anthony, 243, 243n
Trollope, Frances, 243n
Tuke, Daniel Hack, 154, 155, 156
Twain, Mark, 233
Twitter, 129, 135, 136
Uitti, Ryan, 269
University of California, Los Angeles, brain imaging study, 254
University of Essex, FoMO scale and study, 133–35
University of Iowa, study of brain anomalies and hoarding, 260–62
University of Maryland
Caught in the Net program, 123
International Center for Media & the Public Agenda, 132
University of Pittsburgh, Center for On-Line Addiction, 123
Unplugged (Van Cleave), 111–12
Van Cleave, Ryan, 111
van Gogh, Vincent, 242–43, 249
Vanity Fair, article on video games, 97–98
Varieties of Religious Experience (James)
video games, 2, 7, 97–119
anxiety and, 97–98, 117, 119
brain’s dopamine system and, 102–3, 105, 107, 108, 119
“compulsion loop,” 104
compulsive gaming, 19, 25, 99–104, 111–12
design, 97–115, 128
excessive use versus compulsivity, 99
flow experience and, 101–2
free-to-play games, 109–10, 112
“hedonic adaptation” and, 116
loss aversion and, 109
mental disorder and, 99–100
motivation for, 118–19
online role-playing game, 106, 113–14, 119
personalities at risk, 117–19
pharmatronics and, 112–16
poll on “most addictive,” 114, 114n
“stickiness” of, 101, 109–10, 111, 115
variable/intermittent reinforcement and, 103–4, 105, 107, 112, 119
Zeigarnik Effect, 113
Virus (Gaiman), 98
Volle, Emmanuelle, 252
volunteerism, 228
washing compulsion, 7, 16, 23, 36, 41, 45, 143, 149, 152, 179
du Saulle’s patient, 152–53
OCD sufferer, 37–38
Waxman, Stephen, 247–48
“We Are Not Alone,” 237
Fountain House, 237, 238
Weck, Florian, 63
Weiner, Norman, 225
What Is Mental Illness? (McNally), 70
whistling, compulsive, 9
White, John, 90
Whitney Museum, 241, 242
Williams, Tennessee, 205
Wilson, Timothy, 128
Witzig, Ted, 50, 51, 93–94
Woodward, John, 144–45
Words with Friends (video game), 100
workaholism, 85–88, 229
World Creativity and Innovation Week, 239
World of Warcraft (video game), 105–7, 114, 119
writers/writing compulsion, 1–2, 243–50
anxiety and, 244
Dostoyevsky and, 245
epilepsy and, 247–48
Flaherty and, 245–46
history of, 247
hypergraphia, 245–50
poet Tina Kelley, 246
temporal lobes and, 247, 248–49
van Gogh and, 249
Zola and, 243–44, 247
Yesawich, Cara, 233–34
Young, Kimberly, 123
YouTube, 129
Zeigarnik, Bluma, 113
Zeigarnik Effect, 113
Zola, Émile, 243–44
Zuckerberg, Mark, 136
Zynga, 97, 98, 100, 108
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Begley, Sharon, 1956- author.
Title: Can’t just stop : an investigation of compulsions / Sharon Begley.
Description: New York : Simon & Schuster, 2017.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016016745 (print) | LCCN 2016029889 (ebook) | ISBN 9781476725826 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781476725840 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Obsessive-compulsive disorder—Popular works.
Classification: LCC RC533 .B446 2017 (print) | LCC RC533 (ebook) | DDC 616.85/227—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016016745
ISBN 978-1-4767-2582-6
ISBN 978-1-4767-2584-0 (ebook)