Citizens of London: The Americans Who Stood With Britain in Its Darkest, Finest Hour
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“beneath their own roof”: Abramson, p. 316.
“He used terrible”: Sally Bedell Smith, Reflected Glory, p. 106.
“that might do”: Pamela Harriman interview with Christopher Ogden, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“Keep your affairs”: Ogden, p. 146.
“Ave couldn’t”: Sally Bedell Smith, Reflected Glory, p. 108.
“My son”: Pamela Churchill to FDR, July 1942, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“Unless you were”: Ogden, p. 173.
“could escape from”: Sally Bedell Smith, Reflected Glory, p. 122
“The information”: Ibid., p. 145.
“don’t want”: Sevareid notes, undated 1944, Sevareid papers, LC.
“The war’s just”: William Bradford Huie, The Americanization of Emily (New York: Signet, 1959), p. 37.
“The Air Force”: Kay Summersby Morgan, p. 33.
“It was the mood”: Sally Bedell Smith, Reflected Glory, p. 115.
“Well, I have”: D’Este, p. 489.
“The war was”: Kay Summersby Morgan, p. 76.
“We did not have”: Irving, p. 14.
“In my life”: Pamela Harriman interview with Christopher Ogden, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“would question”: Sally Bedell Smith, Reflected Glory, p. 113.
“I think of you”: Sir Charles Portal to Pamela Churchill, undated, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“A lot of people”: Pamela Harriman interview with Christopher Ogden, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“follow[ed] the Rooseveltian”: Abramson, p. 345.
“A large number”: Harriman and Abel, p. 220.
“I am sure”: Ibid., p. 219.
“That was a dark day”: Pamela Harriman interview with Christopher Ogden, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“All through”: Ibid.
“I cried on Ed’s shoulder”: Ibid.
“I think she decided”: Sally Bedell Smith, Reflected Glory, p. 119
“Ed was knocked off”: Persico, Edward R. Murrow, p. 217
“his privacy”: “Edward R. Murrow,” Scribner’s, December 1938
“Ed very curt”: Persico, Edward R. Murrow, p. 138.
“They didn’t want”: Author interview with Janet Murrow.
“I hate seeing”: Janet Murrow diary, Feb. 16, 1940, Murrow papers, Mount Holyoke.
“Gloomy, gloomy”: Janet Murrow diary, Feb. 17, 1941, Murrow papers, Mount Holyoke.
“a lovely, suave”: Persico, Edward R. Murrow, p. 186.
“I long for him”: Janet Murrow diary, July 26, 1941, Murrow papers, Mount Holyoke.
“I know they used”: Sally Bedell Smith, Reflected Glory, p. 119.
“Ed was very much”: Pamela Harriman interview with Christopher Ogden, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“Averell was everything”: Ibid.
“ a stooge”: Harriman interview with Elie Abel, Harriman papers, LC.
“You’re spoiled”: Pamela Harriman interview with Christopher Ogden, Pamela Harriman papers, LC.
“He was totally different”: Ibid.
“He loved Janet”: Sperber, p. 244.
CHAPTER 15: “A CHASE PILOT—FIRST, LAST, AND ALWAYS”
“in my pantheon”: Andrew Turnbull, ed., The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Scribner, 1963), p. 49.
“firing the American imagination”: “Hitchcock Killed in Crash in Britain,” New York Times, April 20, 1944.
“There was a sort”: Sarah Ballard, “Polo Player Tommy Hitchcock Led a Life of Action from Beginning to End,” Sports Illustrated, Nov. 3, 1986.
“Most U.S. citizens”: “Centaur,” Time, May 1, 1944
“Sometimes he did things”: Aldrich, p. 132
“He didn’t have”: Sports Illustrated, Nov. 3, 1986
“There was no player”: Ibid.
“Tommy Barban was”: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tender Is the Night (London: Wordsworth, 1994), p. 167.
“Polo is exciting”: New York Times, April 20, 1944
“he was a chase”: Aldrich, p. 125.
“How can you”: Ibid., p. 132.
“knew more people”: Ibid., p. 266.
“There is one thing”: Donald L. Miller, p. 5.
“We just closed”: Ibid., p. 42.
“the important thing”: Salisbury, p. 197
“pawns”: Donald L. Miller, p. 106.
“It looked”: Ibid., p. 48.
“high-octane outfit”: Salisbury, p. 195.
“one of the great”: Andy Rooney, My War (New York: Times Books, 1995), p. 136
“We thought”: Donald L. Miller, p. 64.
“You’re driving”: McCrary and Scherman, pp. 38–39
“suicide missions”: Donald L. Miller, p. 24.
“so large”: Ibid., p. 69.
“grossly exaggerated”: Ibid, p. 120.
“To fly”: Salisbury, p. 196.
“There are apparently”: Donald L. Miller, p. 93
“bomber bases”: Ibid., p. 127
“With deeper”: Ibid., p. 124.
“My personal message”: Irving, p. 72.
“In those days”: McCrary and Scherman, pp. 227–28.
“Since I have been”: Winant to FDR, Jan. 12, 1942, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRL.
“the cleanest”: McCrary and Scherman, p. 228.
“the plane the Bomber Mafia”: Donald L. Miller, p. 253
“would produce”: Aldrich, p. 275.
“Sired by the English”: William R. Emerson, 1962 Harmon Memorial Lecture, U.S. Air Force Academy.
“Look, Uncle Tommy”: Aldrich, p. 278.
“pushed the very daylights”: Theodore Achilles interview, Bellush papers, FDRL.
“The word channels”: Aldrich, p. 278.
“His hands”: James Parton, “Air Force Spoken Here”: General Ira Eaker and the Command of the Air (Bethesda, Md.: Adler & Adler, 1986), p. 279.
“took on almost”: Donald L. Miller, p. 183.
“It began to look”: Parton, p. 277
“to find an easy way”: Ibid. p. 186.
“the Eighth Air Force’S”: Aldrich, p. 284
“literally wiped”: Donald L. Miller, p. 200
“a catastrophic blow”: Ibid., p. 201.
“the greatest concentration”: Ibid., p. 16.
“deep sense”: Daily Express, Oct. 12, 1943, Winant papers, FDRL.
“It was up to me”: Donald L. Miller, p. 252.
“over Germany”: Paul A. Ludwig, Mustang: Development of the P-51 Long-Range Escort Fighter (Hersham, Surrey: Classic Publications, 2003), p. 1
“the Air Force’s”: Donald L. Miller, p. 254
“The story of the P-51”: Ludwig, p. 2
“one of the most”: Donald L. Miller, p. 253.
“regardless of cost”: Ibid., p. 265
“God, [the crews]”: Ibid, p. 266.
“Colonel”: Ibid., p. 279
“Alcohol was”: Ibid.
“The war of attrition”: Ibid., p. 276
“The first time”: Ibid., p. 267
“to our inability”: Ibid., pp. 291–92
“If you see”: Ibid., p. 259.
“Tommy Hitchcock was”: Aldrich, p. 283
“the tenacity”: McCrary and Scherman, p. 228
“Life in London”: Aldrich, p. 276.
“Fighting in a Mustang”: McCrary and Scherman, p. 231.
“The amount”: Aldrich, p. 292
“I suddenly had”: Ibid., p. 294
“Tommy Hitchcock had”: Ibid, p. 296.
“has been going”: Ibid., p. 298
“just diving”: Ibid.
“brought to a close”: “Hitchcock Killed in Crash in Britain,” New York Times, April 20, 1944.
“spent every minute”: Winant letter to Margaret Hitchcock, April 23, 1944, Winant papers, FDRL.
CHAPTER 16: “CROSSING THE OCEAN DOESN’T AUTOMATICALLY MAKE YOU A HERO”
Dear old England’s: Juliet Gardiner, “Overpaid
, Oversexed, and Over Here,” p. 339.
“There is not”: Irving, p. 8.
“the greatest”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, p. 49.
“It was as if”: Mrs. Robert Henrey, The Siege of London (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1946), p. 45.
“captured—lock”: Ziegler, p. 215.
“an Englishman stood”: Ernie Pyle, Brave Men (New York: Grosset & Dun-lap, 1944), p. 316.
“Everybody had to salute”: Ibid., p. 317
“show proper respect”: Longmate, The G.I.’s, p. 113
“bawdy, rowdy ant hill”: Arbib, p. 85
“one of the most sensational”: Donald L. Miller, p. 216
“The conviviality”: Hale and Turner, p. 152.
“were jammed”: Donald L. Miller, p. 217
“I think that”: Irving, p. 8.
“the reaction”: Theodore Achilles interview, Bellush papers, FDRL.
“Every American soldier”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, p. 57.
“The British will”: Longmate, The G.I.’s, p. 23.
“a remarkable personal”: Interview with Anthony Eden, Bellush papers, FDRL.
“No one else”: Alfred D. Chandler, ed., The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: The War Years, Vol. 1 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970), pp. 650–51.
“The war”: Arbib, p. 19.
“compensation was minimal”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, p. 122.
“autocratic and undemocratic methods”: Ibid., p. 126.
“our United States allies”: Daily Express, Dec. 15, 1943, Winant papers, FDRL.
“They hadn’t wanted”: Gardiner, “Overpaid, Oversexed, and Over Here,” p. 32.
“for us”: Ibid.
“as if they owned”: Margaret Mead, “A GI View of Britain,” New York Times Magazine, March 19, 1944.
“We never saw”: Ibid., p. 54.
“these men are fighters”: Ibid.
“The general reaction”: Longmate, The G.I.’s, p. 96
“I like it fine”: Hale and Turner, p. 24.
“In they slouched”: Nicolson, p. 275.
“if an American soldier”: Butcher, p. 14.
“This is a wonderful”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, p. 159.
“bewildered, hurt”: Janet Murrow to parents, April 24, 1943, Murrow papers, Mount Holyoke.
“The men in these”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, p. 160
“The British women”: Butcher, p. 34.
“All right”: Settle, All the Brave Promises, p. 90
“deliberately discourages”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, p. 187 The greatest danger”: Ibid., p. 161.
“American soldiers”: Ibid., p. 148
“thousands of mothers”: Ibid., p. 149
“Differences between”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, p. 59
“the listlessness”: Max Hastings, p. 193.
“no simple”: Roosevelt to Winant, Sept. 10, 1942, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRL.
“They could have”: Dimbleby and Reynolds, p. 164
“The Yanks”: Donald L. Miller, p. 138
“Wherever you go”: Hale and Turner, p. 40
“Some of these brothers”: Ibid.
“In the darkness”: Ibid., p. 26.
“wild, promiscuous”: Longmate, The G.I.’s, p. 157
“There was a hard core”: Ibid.
“As good”: Ibid., p. 91.
“The arrival”: Ibid.
“was like stepping”: Ibid., p. 242.
“To most English people”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, 218
“Get out”: Dimbleby and Reynolds, p. 163.
“I have personally”: Longmate, The G.I.’s, 129.
“discrimination as regards”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, p. 224.
“It was desirable”: Ibid., p. 226.
“The American policy”: Longmate, The G.I.’s, p. 122.
“The general consensus”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, epigraph.
“I don’t mind”: Ibid., p. 303.
“The opinion”: Ibid., p. 304.
“It savoured”: Graham Smith, When Jim Crow Met John Bull: Black American Soldiers in World War II Britain (New York: St. Martin’s, 1988), p. 61.
“For British people”: Ibid., p. 118.
“they were in England”: Ibid.
“The Negro British”: David Reynolds, Rich Relations, p. 306.
“The colored troops”: Graham Smith, p. 102
“abuses”: Persico, Edward R. Murrow, p. 199
“Sure, man”: Ibid., p. 200.
“Let’s do it!”: Ibid.
289. “America’s polite”: Graham Smith, p. 127.
David Reynolds, Rich Relations, p. 353
“an increasingly kindly”: Ibid., p. 199.
“firmness and good sense”: LaRue Brown, “John G. Winant,” Nation, Nov. 15, 1947.
“Mr. Winant, please!”: Stars and Stripes, July 22, 1943.
“this caring”: Bernard Bellush, “After 50 Years, a GI Heeds the Call of London,” Forward, January 2001
“no airs”: Boston Globe, Nov. 5, 1947.
“You hadn’t been”: Arbib, p. 141
“ate at their”: Ibid., p. 144.
“By 1943”: Longmate, The G.I.’s, p. 157.
“They adopted me”: “Dick Winters’ Reflections,” www.wildbillguarnere.com.
CHAPTER 17: “YOU WILL FIND US LINING UP WITH THE RUSSIANS”
“IN THE LAST”: Colville, Footprints in Time, p. 141
“Increasingly”: Dimbleby and Reynolds, p. 166
“For many years”: Sevareid, p. 484.
“POLITICAL REASONS”: Sherwood, p. 669.
“Harry is sure”: Moran, p. 131.
“glittering, impersonal”: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “The Supreme Partnership,” Atlantic, October 1984.
“was really incapable”: Goodwin, p. 306.
“a gentleman”: Meacham, p. 315.
“my whole system”: David Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 414.
“Anything like a serious”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 89.
“real friendship”: Geoffrey Ward, Closest Companion: The Unknown Story of the Intimate Friendship Between Franklin Roosevelt and Margaret Suckley (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995), p. 162.
“manner was easy”: Ibid.
“adores the President”: Ibid., p. 230.
“Roosevelt envied”: Max Hastings, p. 5.
“was prone to jealousy”: Meacham, p. 327
“They had nothing”: Schlesinger, p. 575.
“Each used”: David K. Adams, “Churchill and FDR: A Marriage of Convenience,” in van Minnen and Sears, eds., p. 32
“We’ve got to”: Elliott Roosevelt, pp. 24–25.
“dropped in a remark”: Kimball, Forged in War, p. 193.
“One thing”: Kathleen Burk, Old World, New World: Great Britain and America from the Beginning (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2008), p. 504
“If he had been British”: Matthews, p. 245
“not become”: Dimbleby and Reynolds, p. 158.
“I do not want”: Clarke, p. 166.
“Roosevelt’s picture”: Justus D. Doenecke and Mark A. Stoler, Debating Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies, 1933–1945 (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), p. 9.
“British bankers”: Elliott Roosevelt, p. 24.
“Roosevelt’s dislike”: Hitchens, p. 255.
“it is similarly true”: Burk, p. 383.
“friction and misunderstanding”: Howland, p. 143.
“It must be remembered”: Clarke, p. 25
“we should have accepted”: Ibid.
“I am inclined”: Danchev and Todman, eds., p. 466
“In newspaper”: Brinkley, p. 232.
“I began to feel”: Danchev and Todman, eds., p. 535
“inability to finish”: Olson and Cloud, p. 288.
“I am slowly”: Danchev and Todman, eds., p. 459.
“too exhausted”: Arthur Bryant, Triump
h in the West (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1959), p. 8.
“full of disease”: Ward, p. 250.
“I have had no information”: Winant to FDR, Sept. 24, 1943, Map Room Files, FDRL.
“these things would”: Winant to Hopkins, Oct. 16, 1943, Hopkins Files, FDRL.
“I know exactly”: Hopkins to Winant, Oct. 25, 1943, Hopkins Files, FDRL.
“Large families”: Burns, p. 405.
“talk Mr. Stalin”: Olson and Cloud, p. 292.
“entered his nature”: Frances Perkins Oral History, Columbia University.
“I do not think”: Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929–1969 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1973), p. 211.
“A deeper knowledge”: Ibid, p. 210.
“You will find”: Moran, p. 160.
“endeavouring to improve”: Danchev and Todman, eds., p. 485.
“how to conduct”: Abramson, p. 367.
“Stalin has got”: Moran, p. 163.
“the impression”: Olson and Cloud, p. 292.
“not only backed”: Bohlen, p. 146.
“should have come”: Ibid.
“always enjoyed”: Harriman and Abel, p. 191.
“Winston is cranky”: Olson and Cloud, p. 292.
“a basic error”: Bohlen, p. 146.
“childish exercise”: Discussion with Winston Churchill, Coudert Institute, Palm Beach, Florida, March 28, 2008
“immediate gains”: Olson and Cloud, p. 295
“didn’t care”: Ibid., p. 306.
“The United States”: Valentin Berezhkov, “Stalin and FDR,” in van Minnen and Sears, eds., p. 47.
“cannot leave”: Moran, p. 279
“become friends”: Olson and Cloud, p. 298
“People who have”: Kendrick, p. 258.
“People seem to want”: Murrow to Alfred Cohn, Dec. 29. 1943, Murrow papers, Mount Holyoke.
“vague and ill defined”: Kimball, Forged in War, p. 242
“fraught with danger”: Doenecke and Stoler, p. 62.
“to postpone”: Ibid., p. 73.
“summarily turned down”: Olson and Cloud, p. 247.
“rather touchy”: David Reynolds, The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance, pp. 253–54.
“is accused”: Winant to FDR, Feb. 4, 1943, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRL.
“acutely embarrassed”: Howland, p. 318
“I have been worrying”: Ibid., p. 326.
CHAPTER 18: “WOULD THE DAMN THING WORK?”
“as full of traffic”: Arbib, p. 202.
“mostly something”: Panter-Downs, p. 324
“living on”: Ibid., p. 322.