Adventures in the Orgasmatron: How the Sexual Revolution Came to America
Page 58
60. Ibid., 40.
61. See Lorna Luft, Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir (New York: Pocket Books, 1998), in which she describes her therapy visits to Dr. Duvall.
Ten
1. Ted Morgan, Reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Random House, 2003), 477.
2. Fred J. Cook, The Nightmare Decade: The Life and Times of Senator Joe McCarthy (New York: Random House, 1971), 262.
3. Tom Ross, speaking in Digne Meller-Marcovicz, director, Wilhelm Reich: Viva Little Man (2004).
4. “Administrative Report,” October 25, 1950, Reich’s FBI file, FBI Headquarters, Washington, D.C. (For atomic bomb rumors, see “Office Memorandum,” January 11, 1949.)
5. Reich’s FBI file, October 13, 1950.
6. Elsworth Baker, “My Eleven Years with Reich” (part 4), Journal of Orgonomy 12, no. 1 (May 1978): 24.
7. Reich’s letter “To 30 Rangeley citizens,” dated November 13, 1950, Reich’s FBI file.
8. Peter Reich, author interview, July 2005 and July 2007.
9. David Halberstam, The Fifties (New York: Villard, 1993), 69.
10. A. E. Hamilton, “My Therapy with Wilhelm Reich,” Journal of Orgonomy 13, no. 1 (Summer 1977): 6.
11. Reich’s FBI file, December 2, 1953.
12. Letter from Robert Oppenheimer to Eleanor Roosevelt, January 15, 1951. Somehow Reich came into possession of this letter, which he thought was part of the conspiracy against him. Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
13. Myron Sharaf, Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich (London: Hutchinson, 1984), 376.
14. Susan Sontag, Illness as Metaphor (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1988), 67.
15. Beverley R. Placzek, Record of a Friendship: The Correspondence Between Wilhelm Reich and A. S. Neill, 1936–1957 (London: Gollancz, 1982), Reich to Neill, 319.
16. Wilhelm Reich, Selected Writings: An Introduction to Orgonomy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973), 370.
17. Elsworth Baker, “My Eleven Years with Reich” (part 5), Journal of Orgonomy 12, no. 2 (November 1978): 168.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Wilhelm Reich, The Oranur Experiment: First Report, 1947–1951 (Rangeley, Me.: Wilhelm Reich Foundation, 1951).
21. Ibid., 169.
22. Ibid., 171.
23. Ibid., 172.
24. Reich, Selected Writings, 377.
25. Placzek, Record of a Friendship, Reich to Neill, 322.
26. Ken Tynan, interview with Lia Laszky, Tynan Archive, British Library, London.
27. Ilsa Ollendorff, Wilhelm Reich: A Personal Biography (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1969), 110–11.
28. Baker, “My Eleven Years with Reich” (part 5): 181.
29. Ollendorff, Wilhelm Reich, 108.
30. Ilse Ollendorff to Reich, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
31. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 389.
32. Ollendorff, Wilhelm Reich, 111.
33. Deposition by Wilhelm Reich Regarding Ilse Ollendorff, October 3, 1952, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
34. Ollendorff, Wilhelm Reich, 113.
35. “Statement,” November 1, 1952, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
36. May 21, 1952, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
37. “Deposition by Wilhelm Reich Regarding Ilse Ollendorff,” October 3, 1952, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
38. “Statement of Personal Impression,” December 4, 1952, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
39. “Examples of I.O.’s Defense Mechanisms,” January 11, 1953, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
40. Ilse Ollendorff, author interview, July 2005.
41. Ollendorff, Wilhelm Reich, 120.
42. Ibid., 128.
43. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 441.
44. Sontag, Illness as Metaphor.
45. Ollendorff, Wilhelm Reich, 115.
46. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 26.
47. Lois Wyvell, “Orgone and You,” Offshoots of Orgonomy 3 (1981): 7.
48. Letter to Ola Raknes, January 24, 1953, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
49. “Reaction to ‘Cosmic Superimposition,’” December 14, 1951, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
50. “Reichitis,” 1951, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
51. Report on impressions of Oranur and WR (Spring 1951), September 1953, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
52. Ibid.
53. “Alone,” recording made by Wilhelm Reich at Orgonon on April 3, 1952. Wilhelm Reich Museum, Rangeley, Me.
54. Inspector’s report, April 30, 1952, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
55. Memorandum of Interview, April 15, 1952, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
56. Interview with Dr. Norcross (Lahey Clinic), February 5, 1954, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
57. Inspector’s report, April 30, 1952, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid.
60. Inspector’s report, July 29, 1952, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
61. Elsworth Baker, “My Eleven Years with Wilhelm Reich,” Journal of Orgonomy 17, no. 1 (1983), 53.
62. Inspector’s report, July 29, 1952, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid.
65. WR letter to Truman, August 13, 1952, Tynan Archive, British Library, London.
Eleven
1. Harvey Matusow, False Witness (New York: Cameron and Kahn, 1955), 55.
2. Ted Morgan, Reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Random House, 2003), 530.
3. Matusow, False Witness, 102.
4. Ibid., 77.
5. Ibid., 74.
6. Ibid., 71.
7. Morgan, Reds, 535.
8. Alfred C. Kinsey, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1953), 328.
9. Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy, Sex the Measure of All Things: A Life of Alfred C. Kinsey (London: Pimlico, 1999), 395.
10. James H. Jones, Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public-Private Life (New York: Norton, 1997), 307.
11. James R. Petersen, The Century of Sex: Playboy’s History of the Sexual Revolution, 1900–1999 (New York: Grove, 1999).
12. René Albert Wormser, Foundations: Their Power and Influence (New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1958), 47.
13. “Funds and Foundations—Information Concerning Central Research Matter,” May 19, 1959, Kinsey’s FBI file.
14. Special House Committee to Investigate Tax-Exempt Foundations, Tax-Exempt Foundations (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1954), 124.
15. Wormser, Foundations, 84.
16. Ibid., 32.
17. David Halberstam, The Fifties (New York: Villard, 1993), 287.
18. Lara Marks, Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive Pill (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000).
19. Ibid.
20. The Population Bomb (New York, 1954) was the title of a pamphlet by Hugh Moore that was mailed to one thousand business and political leaders, including Rockefeller (Moore would eventually print half a million copies of his anti-Communist tract).
21. Ibid.
22. Jones, Alfred C. Kinsey, 736.
23. See Jerome Greenfield, “Reich and the INS: A Specific Plague Reaction,” Journal of Orgonomy 17, no. 2 (1983): 205–66. Greenfield’s papers, including INS material, are at the Taminent Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, New York University.
24. Myron Sharaf, Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich (London: Hutchinson, 1984), 413.
25. Elsworth Baker, “My Eleven Years with Reich” (part 8), Journal of Orgonomy 14, no. 1 (May 1980), 33.
&nbs
p; 26. Ibid.
27. Greenfield, “Reich and the INS.”
28. David Allyn, Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, an Unfettered History (New York: Routledge, 2001), 17.
29. “The Sex Theory They Tried to Suppress!” Uncensored, December 1954.
30. Inspector’s report, June 1951, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
31. Interview with Mr. John Nash, December 2, 1953, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
32. Interview with Dr. Nicolas Rashevsky, May 12, 1952, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
33. Ibid.
34. Philip Thompson, author interview, July 2005.
35. Interview with Dr. Higgins (Maine General Hospital), February 1, 1954, FDA Archive. Reich claimed that the FDA’s tests were inadequate. A supporter, Richard Blasbland, wrote to him to say that there was X-ray equipment in one of the laboratories conducting the tests, which aggravated the orgone energy, turning it into therapeutically ineffective deadly orgone (DOR) instead. See “The Pharmaceutical Industry and Medical Practice: A Discussion, Wilhelm Reich and Students,” recording made at Orgonon, Rangeley, Me. August 24, 1953. Wilhelm Reich Museum, Rangeley, Me.
36. Jerome Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A. (New York: Norton, 1974), 126.
37. Philip Thompson, author interview, July 2005.
38. Ilse Ollendorff, author interview, July 2005.
39. Baker, “My Eleven Years with Wilhelm Reich” (part 5), Journal of Orgonomy 12, no. 2 (1978): 172.
40. Ibid., 174.
41. Baker, “My Eleven Years with Wilhelm Reich” (part 6), Journal of Orgonomy 13, no. 1 (May 1979): 54. Reich describes DOR clouds in similar terms; see Reich, Selected Writings: An Introduction to Orgonomy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1960), 43–44.
42. Baker, “My Eleven Years with Wilhelm Reich” (part 9), Journal of Orgonomy 14, no. 2 (1980): 158.
43. Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A., 133.
44. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 404.
45. “Notes Taken During Discussion WR and Mr. Richardson,” February 25, 1954, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.
46. Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A., 302.
47. Ibid., 150
48. Press release, March 19, 1954, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
49. Ibid., 154.
50. Beverley R. Placzek, Record of a Friendship: The Correspondence Between Wilhelm Reich and A. S. Neill, 1936–1957 (London: Gollancz, 1982), Reich to Neill, 379.
51. Donald E. Keyhoe, The Flying Saucers Are Real (New York: Fawcett Publications, 1950), 179.
52. Wilhelm Reich, Contact with Space: Oranur Second Report, 1951–1956; Orop Desert Ea, 1954–1955 (New York: Core Pilot, 1957), 71.
53. Carl Jung, Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1959).
54. Reich, Contact with Space, 2.
55. Ibid., 4.
56. Ibid., 199.
57. Ibid., 180.
58. Peter Reich, author interview, July 2005.
59. Placzek, Record of a Friendship, Neill to Reich, 385.
60. Peter Reich, A Book of Dreams rev. ed., (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), preface.
61. Ibid.
62. Placzek, Record of a Friendship, Neill to Reich, 417–18.
63. Orson Bean, Me and the Orgone (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1971), xiii.
64. Reich, Book of Dreams, 112.
65. Reich, Contact with Space, 8.
66. Placzek, Record of a Friendship, Reich to Neill, 378.
67. Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A., 180.
68. Affidavit by Thomas Ross, June 18, 1955, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
69. Inspector’s report, July 13, 1955, FDA files, National Library of Medicine.
70. Ibid.
71. Thomas Mangravite, author interview, April 2006.
72. Morgan, Reds, 495–96.
73. Ibid., 497.
74. Anthony Heilbut, Exiled in Paradise: German Refugee Artists and Intellectuals in America from the 1930s to the Present (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 443.
75. Placzek, Record of a Friendship, Neill to Reich, 396.
76. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 476.
77. Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A., 184.
Twelve
1. Daniel Horowitz, The Anxieties of Affluence: Critiques of American Consumer Culture, 1939–1979 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2004), 50.
2. Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, 1908–1939, ed. R. Andrew Paskauskas (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press/Belknap, 1993), 383.
3. Sigmund Freud to Marie Bonaparte, August 13, 1937, Letters of Sigmund Freud, 1873–1939 (London: Hogarth Press, 1961), 436–37.
4. Edward L. Bernays, Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965), 395.
5. Ibid., 779.
6. Franz Kreuzer, A Tiger in the Tank: Ernest Dichter, an Austrian Advertising Guru (Riverside, Calif.: Ariadne, 2007).
7. Ernest Dichter, “Put the Libido Back into Advertising,” Motivations 2 (July 1957): 13–14.
8. Ernest Dichter, Getting Motivated: The Secret Behind Individual Motivations by the Man Who Was Not Afraid to Ask Why (New York: Pergamon, 1979), 147–48.
9. Ibid.
10. “Science: Psychoanalysis in Advertising,” Time, March 25, 1940.
11. Ernest Dichter, The Strategy of Desire (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 2002), xxi.
12. Ibid., 169.
13. Ibid., 263.
14. Ibid., 20.
15. Herbert Marcuse, Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud (London: Routledge, 1998), 4.
16. Paul A. Robinson, The Freudian Left: Wilhelm Reich, Geza Roheim, Herbert Marcuse (New York: Harper and Row, 1969), 147.
17. H. Stuart Hughes, The Sea Change: The Migration of Social Thought, 1930–1965. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977), 175.
18. Marcuse, Eros and Civilization, 239.
19. Ibid., 49.
20. David Allyn, Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, an Unfettered History (New York: Routledge, 2001), 203.
21. Robinson, Freudian Left, 239.
22. Letter to Grethe Hoff, April 20, 1955, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine. According to Myron Sharaf, “running” was one of Reich’s favorite words—“one ‘ran’ from the depths, from strong feelings, from truth.” See Myron Sharaf, Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich (London: Hutchinson, 1984), 31.
23. Wilhelm Reich, Character Analysis (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1972), 448.
24. Ilse Ollendorff, Wilhelm Reich: A Personal Biography (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1969), 163.
25. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 441.
26. Wilhelm Reich, “Orgone Therapy: Critical Issues in the Therapeutic Process,” tape recordings of lectures, summer 1949, Wilhelm Reich Museum, Rangeley, Me.
27. Elsworth Baker, “My Eleven Years with Reich” (part 14), Journal of Orgonomy 17, no. 1 (1983): 43.
28. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 440–41.
29. Baker, “My Eleven Years with Reich” (part 14), 44.
30. Ibid., 45.
31. Jerome Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A. (New York: Norton, 1974), 202.
32. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 462.
33. Franklin Wright, “Plot Is Lousy, Cast Is Great,” Portland Evening Express, May 5, 1956.
34. Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A., 205.
35. Sharaf, Fury on Earth, 448.
36. Greenfield, Wilhelm Reich vs. the U.S.A., 209–10.
37. Ibid., 210.