The Wonderful Mr Willughby
Page 37
FW admitted here
FW proves mathematical ability here
FW’s attendance here
FWs inaugural meeting here
FW’s letters here, here
FW’s parasitic worms address here
motto here
oversees production of History of Fishes here
Philosophical Transactions here, here, here, here, here
Ray elected Fellow here
record keeping here
repository here
takes control of History of Insects here
ruffs here
Ruskin, John here
St Cuthbert’s duck here
St David’s here
Saint Gotthard, Battle of here, here
St Ives here
St James’s Park, London here
St Margaret’s here, here
St Neots here
St Stephen’s Cathedral, Vienna here
Salmo carpio here
salmon here
sand martin here
sap flow studies here, here
scale of perfection here
Scaliger, Joseph here
Scalme Isle [Skomer Island] here
Scappi, Bartolomeo here
Scarborough here
scarfe here
Schan, Lucas here
science emergence of here
as new philosophy here
potential of here
progression of here
universal language of here
scientific method, the here, here
scientific revolution, the here, here, here, here
scientists, psychology of here
Scilly Isles here
sea balls here
seabird colonies here, here, here
seeds, FW’s collection here
semen, role of here
Serjeantson, Richard here
serpent stones here
Sevenhuis (Zevenhuizen) here, here, here, here, here, here
Seville here, here
sex ratios, birds here
shags here, here
Sheffield here
Sherwin, William here
shrike here, here
Sicily here, here, here
signatures, doctrine of here, here
silkworm industry here
Silurus glanis here
skink, amatory effects here, here
Skippon, Philip here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here see also continental journey
Skomer Island here, here
skuas here
skylark here, here
Sloane, Hans here, here
Small White Orchid (Pseudorchis albida) here
Smith, Sir James, ‘Rise and Progress of Natural History’ here
snake stones here
snakes here, here
snap-apple bird here, here
snow bunting here
Snowdon here
Soest, Gerard here
Somerset here
song thrush here
songbirds, keeping here
sources here
South Muskham here
Spain here, here, here (map), here
species phylogenetic affinities here
spontaneous generation here
species identification here birds here, here
boundaries here
challenge of here
raptors here
sperm competition here
spider–toad contest here, here
spiders here, here, here
spontaneous generation here
spoonbills here, here, here, here
spotted crake here, here, here
Springate, Barbara here
Squillae Venetianae here
starling here, here
Steerbeck, Franciscus van here
Stensen, Nicolaus here
stingray here, here
stone curlew here
Strasbourg here
Strasbourg Library here
Strasburgh Roller here
Stresemann, Erwin here, here
Stresemann, Vesta here
sturgeon here
Sutton Coldfield here
Sutton Coldfield School here
Swainson, William here, here A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural History here
swallows here, here
Swammerdam, Jan here
Taisnier, Jean here
Tartaglini, Leone here
Tenby here, here
Tenby cliffs here
Tenerife here
terminology here
terns here, here
terrapin here, here
Theatre of Insects (Muffet) here
Theophrastus here
thornback ray here
toad–spider duels here, here
tomial tooth here
Tonge, Israel here
torgoch, the here, here
tortoises here, here
Tradescant, John here, here
Transactions (Royal Society) here
tree rings here
trees, flow of sap here, here
Trinity College, Cambridge here, here, here, here, here chymistry tradition here
Fellows here, here
foundation here
FW’s education here
hierarchy here
Ray at here
St Mary’s Church here
undergraduate teaching here
Wilkins appointed Master here
Turin here
Turner, Sir Edward here
Turner, William here, here, here
twite here
unicorn’s horn here
Uniformity, Act of here, here
universal language project here, here, here, here, here, here
Utrecht here
Valencia here, here, here
Valentine, Basil, The Triumphal Chariot of Antimony here
Valli da Todi, Antonio here, here
van der Mere, Jean here
Van Horne, Dr here, here
Varro, Marcus Terentius here
Velázquez, Diego here
Venette, Nicolas here Conjugal Love here
Venice here, here, here, here birds here
fish market here, here
fish species here, here
glass-making here
theatrical performances here
winter here
Verona here
Vienna here
Vincenza here
visual comparisons here
Wadham College, Oxford here, here, here
wagtails here
Wales here, here, here
Waller, John here
Wallis, John here
Walney Island here
Walther, Johann Friedrich here
Walther, Johann Georg here
Walther, Johann Jakob here
warblers here
waxwing here
Welch, Mary here
Wendy, Lettice (née Willoughby) here, here, here, here
Wendy, Sir Thomas here, here, here, here, here
whales here
Wharton, Philip, Lord here
wheelchair here
Whiggishness here, here
Whitby here
White, Gilbert here
white stork here, here, here
Wilkins, Dr John, Bishop of Chester here, here, here, here, here, here, here appearance here
appointed Master of Trinity College here
belief in Biblical truth here, here
death here
Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language here, here, here, here, here
marriage here
Reason and Christianity here
religious beliefs here, here
universal language project here, here, here, here, here
Wilkins, Robina here
Willisel, Thomas here, here
Willoughby, Bri
dget here
Willoughby, Cassandra (née Ridgeway) (mother) here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Willoughby, Cassandra (daughter) here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Willoughby, Charles here
Willoughby, Elizabeth here
Willoughby, Sir William here
Willoughby, Sir Francis (father) here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Willoughby, Sir Francis (son) here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Willoughby, Sir Francis (the Builder) here
Willoughby, Katherine here, here, here, here
Willoughby, Percival here
Willoughby, Thomas here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Willughbeyi here
Willughby, Emma (née Barnard, later Child) here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Willughby, Francis achievement here
acquisition technique here
admitted to the Royal Society here
advantages here
appearance here
attends human dissection here
attends inaugural meeting of Royal Society here
bee studies here, here, here
bird studies, 1668 here
birth here
birth of daughter here
birth of first son here
birth of second son here
bittern dissection here, here
cabinet of curiosities here, here
on cervical vertebrae of the grey heron here, here
chained flea here
Chester illness here, here
childhood here
and chymistry here
classification of birds here, here
classification of games here, here
classification of insects here, here, here
coins here
collaboration here
commonplace book here, here, here, here, here
commonplace book index here
constitution here
continental journey see continental journey
continental journey notes here, here
contribution here
contribution to History of Insects here
copy of Baldner’s book here, here, here
core activity here
curiosity here
death here, here, here, here, here
death of father here
defence of here
deferrs marriage here
demolition of spontaneous generation here
Derham on here
description of colours here
description of motion here
dissections here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
documents lost here
education here, here
egg collection here, here
and the emergence of new philosophy here
Essay towards a Real Character contribution here, here, here
excursion, 1667 here
executors here, here
eye for detail here, here
family background here, here, here
family finances after death here
favour of illustrations here
final days here
first meets Ray here
friends here
funeral here
games studies here, here, here, here
handwriting here, here, here, here
health here, here, here, here
herbarium here, here
immortalised here
impact here
industry here
inheritance dispute, 1671 here
insect classification tables here
insect collection here
insect studies here, here
introduction to anatomy here
journey to Spain here
Kirby acknowledges contribution here
labelling here, here
letters to the Royal Society here, here
library here, here
list of seabird colonies here
marriage here
mathematical ability here
mathematics education here
medals here
meeting with Baldner here
methods here, here
on moulting here, here
neglect here
notebooks here, here, here
Nuremberg bird illustrations purchase here
originality here
ornithological questions here
personality here
plans continental travels here
plumage descriptions here
portrait here
potential marriage partners here
pragmatism here
prompt list here, here
Raven on here, here
Ray on here, here, here, here
rebellious streak here
relationship with Ray here, here, here, here, here, here
religious beliefs here
reputation here
return home here
routine here
Royal Society attendance here
sap flow studies here, here
seed collection here
sidelined here, here
sisters here
sketching strategy here
Smith on here
in Spain here, here
Strasburgh Roller here
study of parasitoids here
Swainson on here
timeline here
travels with Ray here, here, here, here, here
universal language project here, here, here
university education here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Valencia crake here
Venetian watercolours here
virtuoso status here, here, here
visit to Aldrovandi’s museum here
visit to Gloucester Cathedral here
visit to Lincolnshire here
visit to Rome here
visual comparisons here
West Country tour plans here
will here
Willughby’s charr here
zoological curiosities here
see also Ornithology of Francis Willughby, The
Willughby family archive here
Willughby Network, the here
Willughby’s bee here
Willughby’s buzzard here
Willughby’s charr here, here
Willughby’s leaf-cutter bee here, here
Windermere here
Winstanley, Clement here
wolf spider here
Wollaton Hall here, here
women, Ray on here
Wood, Charles here
Wood, Neville here
woodcock here
woodlark here
Worcester here
Worm, Ole here, here
wren here
Wren, Christopher here, here, here
Wrexham here
wryneck here, here
Xenophanes here
Xuesca (Huesca) here
yarwhelp here
yellowhammer here, here
York here
Zeiler, Martin here
Zetterström, Dan here
Zevenhuizen here, here, here, here
Zugunruhe here
Zurich here
Zwinger, Theodor here Methodus Apodemica here
A Note on the Author
Tim Birkhead FRS is Professor of Zoology at the University of Sheffield, where he teaches animal behaviour and history of science. Among his other books are Promiscuity; Great Auk Islands; The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Birds, which won the McColvin medal; The Red Canary, which won the Consul Cremer Prize; The Wisdom of Birds, which was the British Birds/British Trust for Ornithology Best Bird Book of the Year 2009; Bird Sense, which was the Guardian and the Independent’s Natural History Book of the Year; and The Most Perfect Thing, winner of the Zoological Society of London’s Communicating Zoology Award for 2016.
He lives in Sheffield.
Plates
Portrait of Francis Willughby painted by Gerard Soest around 1657–60, when Willughby was in his mid-twenties
Portraits of Francis Willughby’s parents, Sir Francis Willoughby and Cassandra Ridgeway (the latter by Soest; both undated)
Middleton Hall, Warwickshire: Francis Willughby’s birthplace and family home
Green woodpecker (top) and great spotted woodpecker; images obtained by Francis Willughby during his travels (artists unknown)
Black-eared wheatear (top left); lesser grey shrike (top right) and red kite (bottom); images obtained by Francis Willughby during his travels (artists unknown)
Night heron painted by Johann Walther in Leonard Baldner’s unpublished book, purchased by Francis Willughby while in Strasbourg
Paintings of three marine fish (from top: red gurnard, Atlantic stargazer and greater weever) by unknown artists, obtained during Francis Willughby’s continental travels
Painting by an unknown artist of a perch in Leonard Baldner’s unpublished book, purchased by Francis Willughby while in Strasbourg
A variety of insects by an unknown artist in Leonard Baldner’s unpublished book, purchased by Francis Willughby while in Strasbourg
Monstrous but marvellous fake beetle purchased by Francis Willughby during his continental travels
Moorish gecko (top) and Hazel or common dormouse (bottom); paintings obtained by Francis Willughby during his continental travels (artists unknown)
Willughby’s leaf-cutter bee (top), and bee ‘cartrages’ containing a single or egg or larva and constructed inside a hollow stem (middle) – each cartrage is separated by a mixture of chewed mix of leaves and pollen; Willughby’s charr (bottom)
The extant part of Francis Willughby’s egg collection from various bird species (top); egg of a snipe labelled in Willughby’s handwriting (middle left); egg of a night heron ‘Ardea cinerea minor’ (middle right), possibly with Philip Skippon’s handwriting; egg of a starling (‘stare’), unknown handwriting (bottom left); and part of an egg of a grey heron, possibly labelled in Skippon’s hand (bottom right)
Part of Francis Willughby’s collection of curiosities (top), with close-up of glass eyes, mollusc shells and insect parts (middle), and coloured minerals, mollusc shells, a glass eye and a fake beetle
Dried plant specimens from Francis Willughby’s collection: hare’s-tail cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum), with annotations by both Willughby and Ray
Two trays of seeds from Francis Willughby’s seed cabinet or ‘cabinet of curiosities’
Willughby’s buzzard, otherwise known as the Eurasian honey-buzzard, which Francis Willughby recognized as distinct from the common buzzard