Asilomar, California, 63, 74
AstraZeneca (Syngenta), 192
Atay, Alika, 157, 158–59, 162, 163, 164, 165, 172, 173, 174, 175–76, 262, 271
atrazine, 31, 34, 53, 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 140, 148, 161, 169, 173, 239
Australia, 9, 26, 34, 38, 75
autism, 10, 33, 136, 138
autonomy, value of, 271
Aventis, 208, 209–10, 211
Ayrault, Jean-Marc, 99
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). See Bt crops
Baltimore, Maryland, 158, 233, 253, 256, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270
bananas, 75, 127, 151, 152, 155, 158, 159, 191, 205
Bangladesh, 199, 201
banning GMOs, 12, 149–76
Barca, Dustin, 141–43, 144, 145, 146
barley, 19, 225
BASF, 7, 53, 55, 95, 125, 128, 131, 145
basics about GMOs. See roots
Bayer, 7, 53, 54, 55, 211
Beachy, Roger, 112–13, 115, 116, 121
bees, 44, 70, 220
beets, 269–70, 271
Belmes, Alberto, 110–11, 115, 116–17
Benbrook, Charles, 31, 35
Ben & Jerry’s Ice cream, 173
Bentley, Nancy, 280–81, 282
benzene hexachlorides (BHCs), 136
Bereano, Phil, 187
Berg, Paul, 62
beta-carotene, 180, 191, 193, 200, 204–5
See also vitamin A
Bhopal, India, 141
Bialic, Trudy, 39
Bicoy, Dawn, 167
bifenthrin, 136
Big Island, 12, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 117, 119, 143, 149, 150–57, 160, 175
See also Hawaii
Big Island Banana Growers Association, 155
biodiversity loss, 5–6, 44, 70, 74–75, 220, 248
“biodynamic” operation, 258
“biomimicry,” 220
“biopharm” crops, 210–11
biotechnology, 54, 55, 60, 63–64, 66–67, 68, 74, 95, 101–2, 192, 193, 195, 201–2, 204, 209, 210, 218, 226, 235, 272–73, 276
See also genetic engineering
Biotechnology Industry Organization, 155
blindness, 5, 11, 180, 191, 193, 202
See also golden rice
Bloomberg School of Public Health, 200
Blumberg, Bruce, 36, 103–5
Bohlen, Larry, 95, 208, 209–10, 211
Bondera, Melanie, 119
book metaphor, genes, 79–87, 224
Borlaug, Norman, 195
Botswana, 235
brain problems, 133, 134, 136
Brazil, 34, 38, 59, 149, 222
breeding plants (traditional), 51–52, 60, 84, 113, 114, 181, 194, 215–16, 249–50
Britain, 119
British Royal College of Pathologists, 28
Brokaw, Tom, 2
brown streak, 180, 181, 182, 188, 189
Bt crops, 23, 27, 31, 59, 74, 141, 162, 208, 236, 239, 242, 247
See also insecticides
bundleflower, 219
Burger King, 48
Bush, George H. W., 30, 64, 66, 67, 68
Bushmen of Africa, 216
Butz, Rusty, 49
Calgene, 1, 54
California, 3, 39, 43, 63, 74, 91, 99, 120, 131, 134, 150, 151, 154, 211, 256, 268
calories, perennials, 221–26
Canada, 71, 72, 73, 192
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 161
cancer, 7, 10, 27, 29, 32, 34–35, 36, 39, 44, 53, 72, 81, 99–100, 104, 129, 133, 134, 137, 138, 161, 198, 280
canola, 4, 54, 59, 71–75, 185, 203
cardiovascular disease, 34, 133, 137, 237
Cargill, 50
Carl’s Jr., 48
Carrington, Jim, 24–25, 44–45, 91, 92, 202, 241
carrots, 4, 22, 51, 55, 161, 180, 236, 241, 279, 281
“cascading” consequences, GMOs, 227–28
Case, Steve, 129
cassava, 5, 121, 179–82, 186, 188–90, 191, 202, 226
Cavendish banana, 75
C (cytosine), 80, 82, 83
cell function controlled by genes, 80–81
Center for Food Safety, 70
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 34, 137
Central America, 75
Central Asia, 221
Central Dogma, 80–81, 83–84, 93–94
Central European Mennonites, 221
Charles, Prince of Wales, 37
cheese, 57
chemicals sprayed on GMOs
agrochemical’s influence, 6–7, 10, 11, 19, 21, 48
conventional farming and, 218
feeding the world, 196
GM crops and, 59, 196
Kauai and, 12, 123–48, 149, 150, 154, 163, 167, 173, 175, 186, 240
monarch butterflies and, 6, 35, 41, 44, 70, 213, 220
safety question, 5–6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 28–36, 38, 39, 40, 43–44, 129, 133, 140, 280
See also ecological problems; fertilizers; health problems; herbicides; insecticides; pesticides; roots (basics about GMOs); safety of GMOs
Chesapeake Bay, 231, 234, 244, 245
chestnuts, 277–78
chickens, 4, 9, 24, 59, 151, 152, 217, 233, 234, 236, 253, 256, 261, 276, 277, 281, 285
children and GMOs, 35, 41–42, 42–43, 45, 50, 134, 135–36, 138, 153, 154, 162, 180, 184, 190–94, 197, 202–3, 259, 262
China, 9, 38, 43, 116, 121, 128, 151, 199, 217, 225
China National Chemical Corp., 55
Chipotle, 8, 240–41
chlorpyrifos, 126, 132–33, 133–34, 136
Christenson, Randy, 72
chromosomes, 17, 56, 80, 90, 94, 224
Chun, Malia, 134
Chung, Connie, 2
cisgenics, 22, 229
Citizens Against the Maui County Farming Ban, 168, 171
city, outside the, 252–57
city farm, 13, 266–73
City Farm, Chicago, 267
Clark, J. Milton, 136
Clean Water Act, 131
Clegg, Dan, 166
Cleome gynandra (stinkweed), 135–36
climate change, 13, 17, 39, 53, 70, 97, 180, 184, 201, 228, 248, 277
Clinton, Bill, 30
clover, 258, 273
“coat proteins,” 112
Coca-Cola, 42, 50
Cohen, Ben, 173
Collins, Joseph, 188
colonialism, 196–97
Colorado, 9
Columbia University, 192
“communitarian,” 97, 188
community-supported agriculture (CSA), 253, 261, 263, 267, 268
complexity of DNA, 93–94, 96–97
composting, 161, 246, 254, 256, 258, 281
ConAgra, 50
Connecticut, 44
consequences vs. process of GMOs, 18–19
Consumers Union, 70, 202
ContamiNation (Jenkins), 10
“contamination” of food supply, 208–11
corn
agrochemical’s influence, 6, 8, 48, 49, 54, 57
America and, 4, 9, 50, 55, 59, 75, 207
annuals, problem with, 215, 216
Bt corn, 23, 59, 141, 236, 239, 242
farm next door, 251–52, 255, 262, 264
feeding the world, 183, 185, 197, 198, 200, 203, 205
first insecticide-producing corn, 58
gene-editing technique (CRISPR), 276
hybrid corn, 51, 54, 74, 236
Kauai, 128, 129, 134, 141
mapping, engineering, Prometheus, 78, 85, 89–90, 95, 99, 101
Maui, 12, 149, 153, 155, 162
Monsanto and, 118, 120, 226
perennials, promise of, 222, 225, 226
reinventing the Plains, 212, 213
safety question, 23, 26, 27, 37, 42
StarLink corn, 95, 208–10, 211, 234
sustainability of, 232, 233, 238, 242, 245
wartime chemicals to petroleum-based farm chemicals, 52, 54
See also America and GMOs
Cornell, 32, 111, 113, 114, 117, 196
cotton, 34, 54, 118, 198
Council for Biotechnology Information, 171
counter campaign (Maui), 167–70
Couric, Katie, 2
cover crops, 233–34, 243–45, 254, 258, 264, 281
cowpeas, 182, 202
cows/cattle, 4, 9, 17, 24, 37, 57, 59, 129, 153, 159, 160, 173, 216, 217, 221, 241, 254, 258, 276, 285
Cox, Stan, 218
Crews, Tim, 217, 222, 227, 228–29
Crisco, 42–43
CRISPR (gene-editing technique), 276
crop dependency and starvation, 74–75, 182–83, 216–17
See also monoculture
crossbreeding (hybridizing), 51, 215–16
cross-protection, 112, 118
Cry9C, 208–9
CSA (community-supported agriculture), 253, 261, 263, 267, 268
Cummins, Ronnie, 248–49
daffodil gene, 191, 192, 200
Danforth Center, St. Louis, 25, 44, 91, 179, 185, 186, 187, 190, 196, 202, 212, 224, 226, 237, 241
Danielle’s story, 281–82
DARK Act (Deny Americans the Right to Know), 43–44
Daymon Worldwide, 41
DDT, 53, 136, 160, 277
dead zones, 53, 218, 273
defoliants, 35, 127
“degenerative,” 248
DeHaan, Lee, 223, 224–25, 226, 229
Delaware, 10, 95, 232, 262
Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 77–78
Del Monte, 8
Demeritt, Laurie, 38
Denmark, 209
Deny Americans the Right to Know (DARK Act), 43–44
Detroit, Michigan, 266, 268
Deutsche Bank, 37
diabetes, 5, 34, 57, 256, 272
Diamond, Jared, 216
DiPietro, Jeri, 124–27
DNA, 56, 62, 63, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 93, 94, 112, 224
DNA Plant Technology, 2–3
dousing vs. spraying, 239–40
Dow, 7, 19, 28, 35, 53, 54, 95, 125, 128, 129, 131, 139, 141, 145, 149–50, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 174, 175
Drake, 270
Druker, Steven, 68–69
DuPont, 7, 19, 28, 39, 53, 54, 78, 95, 186, 192, 276
DuPont Pioneer, 125, 128, 131, 135, 139, 145, 147, 233, 236, 237, 238
EarthJustice, 20
Earth Liberation Front, 196–97
Earth Open Source, 21, 92
East Africa, 181, 188
Eastern Shore, 9, 59, 232, 233, 237, 238
ecological problems
air pollution, 53, 131, 133, 136, 139, 140, 165
biodiversity loss, 5–6, 44, 70, 74–75, 220, 248
climate change, 13, 17, 39, 53, 70, 97, 180, 184, 201, 228, 248, 277
GMOs and, 11, 21, 26, 61, 63, 197, 198, 217, 218, 273, 278
water pollution, 4, 5, 18, 21, 44, 45, 53, 99, 128, 131, 133, 160, 164, 198, 213, 218, 248, 273, 277
See also chemicals sprayed on GMOs; genetically modified organisms (GMOs); soil depletion
“egalitarian” Americans, 97
El Salvador, 200
ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements), 81
endocrine problems, 10, 27, 35, 36, 133
endosulfan, 198, 199
Enlist Duo, 35
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 10, 29, 30, 31, 35, 36, 61, 66, 70, 114, 126, 131, 133, 134, 136, 140, 208, 275, 280
Environmental Working Group, 43
epigenetics, 84, 96, 162
erythropoietin (EPO), 57
ethanol, 9, 217, 222
Ethiopia, 225
Europe, 8, 29, 37, 42, 61, 101, 120, 140, 150, 186, 188, 191, 196, 217, 222, 254, 265
European Commission, 23
evolution and GMOs, 18–19
evolution of American culture and GMOs. See roots (basics about GMOs)
Evslin, Lee, 138
Faber, Scott, 43
Facebook, 165, 174, 236
Factor study, 103
Fagan, John, 21, 92–93
Fairweather Farm, 280–82, 284, 285
famine. See crop dependency and starvation
farmers (disappearance) and industrial food, 6, 10–11, 12, 46, 47–76, 188, 197, 290
farmers’ markets, 232, 253, 261–62, 263, 268
“farmer’s privilege,” 73–74
farm next door, 251–73
fast-food industry, 4, 48, 49, 50, 59, 186, 236, 237, 240, 256, 275–76, 285
FDA. See U.S. Food and Drug Administration
federal farm subsidies, 6, 48–49, 60, 61
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 64–65
federal government, watchdog or cheerleader, 2, 6, 12, 27, 29, 30, 32, 37, 39, 43, 60–71, 97, 101, 102, 115, 121, 129–34, 145, 156, 175, 190, 204, 210, 252
feeding the world, 5, 6, 11, 13, 18, 78–79, 160, 167–68, 179–205, 213, 218, 257
fertilizers
annuals, problem with, 217–18
composting, 161, 246, 254, 256, 258, 281
feeding the world, 191, 194, 195, 201
local, organic farmers, 256, 258, 264
monoculture caution, 74–75
nitrogen, 45, 52, 78, 80, 154, 161, 219, 220, 226, 228, 243–44, 246, 256, 264
perennials, promise of, 219, 220
safety question, 38, 43, 45
sustainability of GMOs, 243–44, 248
wartime chemicals to petroleum-based farm chemicals, 52–54
See also chemicals sprayed on GMOs; specific fertilizers
Filipinos, 127, 172, 173
fish tomatoes, 3
Flavr Savr tomato, 1–2, 3, 17, 54, 57, 152
See also tomatoes
Florida, 121
“flow cell,” 86
“food additives,” 65, 69
food allergies, 26, 27, 38, 57, 208, 250
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 99, 100, 101, 102
food expenses, 59–60, 263–65
food fight, 1–14
See also genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Foodie Farmer, The (blog), 235, 239
food production, invisibility of, 6, 10, 13–14, 62, 251–52, 255, 257, 278–79, 280–83, 284, 285
food waste, 278–79
fossil fuel, 52–54, 219, 220, 228, 264
Foudin, Arnold, 64
France, 8, 57, 59, 99, 172, 254
Franco, Federico, 198
Freese, William, 70
Friends of the Earth, 208
front lines of GMO debate. See seeds
fruit (alternatives to industrial farming), 12–13, 177–273
annuals, problem with, 214–19, 221
anti-GMO movement, 196, 201, 227, 241, 254
city, outside the, 252–57
city farm, 13, 266–73
farm next door, 251–73
feeding the world, 5, 6, 11, 13, 18, 78–79, 160, 167–68, 179–205, 213, 218, 257
Green Revolution, 194–97, 228, 260, 265
perennials, promise of, 215, 217, 219–29
Rainbow papaya, 10, 12, 23, 94, 97–98, 109–22, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 167, 170, 182, 186, 190, 191
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reinventing the Plains, 212–14
soil depletion, 180, 191, 195, 197, 213, 214, 217–18, 219, 220, 225, 244, 248, 273
sustainability of GMOs, 11, 13, 231–50
See also genetically modified organisms (GMOs); industrial food system; organic movement
Fukushima nuclear disaster, 163
funding for research, 95–96
Gates Foundation, 120, 186, 187, 201
Gatica, Sofia, 198, 199
gene-editing technique (CRISPR), 276
gene expression, 82, 83–84, 85, 87, 93
“gene gun,” 88, 89, 113
Genentech, 57
generally regarded as safe (GRAS) policy, 65, 67, 68, 69
General Mills, 8, 50
General Motors, ignition switch debacle, 36
gene sequencing, 85–87, 88, 89, 113, 182, 224, 236
gene-silencing technique (RNA interference, RNAi), 113, 189, 275–76
genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
agrochemical’s influence, 3, 5, 6–8, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 29–31, 36, 38, 39, 43–44, 48–49, 57, 58, 59, 60–61, 68–69, 75, 94–95
evolution and, 18–19
first (Flavr Savr tomato), 1–2, 3, 17, 54, 57, 152
global rejection of, 8–9
profit motive, 5, 6, 11, 13, 21, 31, 60, 63–64, 74, 75, 110, 124, 185–87, 196, 197, 204, 227
See also America and GMOs; anti-GMO movement; ecological problems; food fight; fruit (alternatives to industrial farming); health problems; industrial food system; monoculture; roots (basics about GMOs); seeds (front lines of GMO debate); specific GMO crops
genetic engineering, 55–60, 61, 62–63, 64, 65, 68, 75–76, 84, 88, 92–94, 109–10, 144, 183–84, 185, 203, 216, 223, 275–78, 280
See also biotechnology
genetic equivalent of War and Peace, 79–87, 224
genotype, 82
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 29
Germany, 37, 52, 55, 90, 211, 258, 263
G (guanine), 80, 82, 83
Giampietro, Mario, 228
global food system, 4, 75, 118, 120, 124, 185, 196, 198, 199, 207–8, 249, 255
Global ID Group, 92
global rejection of GMOs, 8–9
gluten intolerance, 33, 41, 223
glyphosate
feeding the world, 198, 199, 203
GM crops and, 279–80
patenting our food (Schmeiser case), 71
safety question, 7, 29, 31, 33, 34–35, 35–36, 129, 133, 280
Séralini (Gilles-Éric) affair, 99–104
sustainability of GMOs, 233, 238, 242, 243
See also herbicides; Roundup
“GMO Answers” website, 21–22
GMO Myths and Truths (Fagan), 21, 92
GMOs. See genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
golden rice, 190–94, 199–205
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