See also blindness; rice; vitamin A
Goldman Environmental Prize, 198
Gonsalves, Dennis, 109–22, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 156, 179, 182, 188, 190, 191
Goodman, Richard, 102
Gran Chaco, 198
GRAS (generally regarded as safe) policy, 65, 67, 68, 69
Great Kids Farm, Baltimore, 266, 269
“Great Yellow Hype, The” (Pollan), 193
green beans, 232
greenhouse gases, 217, 219
“green manure,” 233
Greenpeace, 118, 119, 192–93, 203–4
Green Revolution, 194–97, 228, 260, 265
“greenwashed,” 248
Grist, 22
Grocery Manufacturers Association, 39
Groff, Steve, 242–45, 249
Gros Michel banana, 75
Grove Farms, 129
Growing Power, Milwaukee, 267
Guatemala, 200
Gulf of Mexico, 217
Guns, Germs, and Steel (Diamond), 216
Haber-Bosch process, 52
hamburgers, lab-grown, 276, 277
Hanapepe Massacre, 127
Hannah’s story, 282
Hansen, Michael, 70, 202–3, 204–5
Hartman Group, 38
Harvard University, 72–73
Hawaii, 10, 12, 20, 21, 23, 32, 94, 97–98, 109, 114, 117, 119, 122, 128, 162–63, 182, 190
See also Big Island; Kauai; Maui; seeds (front lines of GMO debate)
Hawaiian Indigenous Natural Farming Association, 159
Hawaii Crop Improvement Association, 144, 168
Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association, 155
Hawaii Papaya Industry Association, 155
Hawthorne Valley, New York, 257–58, 259–60, 263, 265, 283
Hayes, Tyrone, 134–35, 173
Heacock, Don, 140–41
headaches, 27, 135, 136
health, measuring agriculture by, 265
health problems, 4, 5, 6, 17–18, 19, 21, 26, 27, 33–34, 40, 60, 256, 278
See also chemicals sprayed on GMOs; genetically modified organisms (GMOs); specific health problems
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, 98
hepatitis B, 57
heptachlor, 32, 160
Herbert, Gerry, 21, 151–52, 153, 154
herbicides
annuals, problem with, 216, 218
atrazine, 31, 34, 53, 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 140, 148, 161, 169, 173, 239
feeding the world, 193, 194, 195, 196, 203
perennials, promise of, 220
safety question, 7, 19, 21, 23, 28, 29, 31, 32–33, 34–35, 44
“stacked” herbicides, 34–35
sustainability of GMOs, 233, 240, 243
2,4-D, 29, 34–35, 35–36, 52, 129, 133, 142
wartime chemicals to petroleum-based farm chemicals, 52–54
See also chemicals sprayed on GMOs; glyphosate; Roundup; specific herbicides
Hershey Company, 8
“hierarchical” Americans, 97
high-fructose corn syrup, 4, 8, 42, 49, 241
high-oleic oil, 236–37, 238
Hirshberg, Gary, 38
Holdrege, Craig, 96–97, 265–66
Honolulu, Hawaii, 142–43
Hooser, Gary, 130, 131, 132, 135–36, 137, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147–48
hormone problems, 32, 99, 104–5, 137, 173
huanglongbing (citrus greening), 121
Huerta, Alfredo, 26–28
human genome, 80, 81, 84, 94
human growth hormone, 57
humans in relation to food and the planet, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262
Humboldt Prize, 116, 119
humulin, 57
hunter-gatherers vs. farmers, 182, 216
hybridizing (crossbreeding), 51, 215–16
Illinois, 49, 129, 245, 267
Illumina HiSeq gene sequencer, 86
Imperial Chemical Industries, 192
Independent Science News, 102
India, 5, 9, 38, 141, 150, 194, 195, 196, 201
Indiana, 9, 49
India Rice 8, 194
“individualistic” Americans, 97
industrial food system
disappearance of American farmer and, 6, 10–11, 12, 46, 47–76, 188, 197, 290
GMOs and, 2, 3–4, 6, 11, 12–13, 18, 252, 272–73, 278–79
See also fruit (alternatives to industrial farming); genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
“industrial hero,” 213
information squeeze (labeling), 12, 37–46, 99, 119, 246, 247
Inouye, Daniel, 114
insecticides
feeding the world, 195, 202, 208
GM crops and, 58
safety question, 7, 23, 31, 32, 44
sustainability of GMOs, 243
See also Bt crops; chemicals sprayed on GMOs; pesticides; specific insecticides
Institute of Medicine, 23
insulin, 57
integrated pest management, 243
intercropping, 254, 264
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 29
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 191, 194, 204
invisibility of food production, 7, 10, 13–14, 62, 251–52, 255, 257, 278–79, 280–83, 284, 285
Iowa, 49, 59, 129, 233
Iran, 221
Ireland, 75, 182, 216
Italy, 8, 254, 265
Ives, Catherine, 197
J. R. Simplot, 8
Jackson, Wes, 212–15, 218–19, 220–21, 222, 227, 271, 278, 282, 283
Jamaica, 119
Japan, 117, 119, 128, 163, 192, 199, 209, 211
Jenkins, McKay, 10
Jennings, Peter, 194
Jervis, Gerard, 139, 140
John, Brian, 101–2
Johns Hopkins, 200, 205
Johnson, Nathanael, 22
Jorgensen, Carl, 41
Journal of Organ Systems, The, 34
junk DNA, 81, 94
Just Label It, 38
Kagan, Elena, 30
Kahan, Dan, 97
Kansas, 10, 43, 49, 211, 212, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224–25, 226
Kantor, Mickey, 30
Kauai, 12, 123–48, 149, 150, 154, 163, 167, 173, 175, 186, 240
See also Hawaii
Kelsey’s story, 284
Kentucky Fried Chicken, 48
Kenya, 99, 181, 183, 190, 194, 203, 255, 260
Kernza, 221, 283
Kessler, David, 67–68
Kids Can Cook, 263
Kirin Brewery, 192
Klee, Henry, 58
Koch Industries, 43
Kona, Big Island of Hawaii, 119, 151
Korea, 209
Kraft Foods, 39, 209
Kubo, Klayton, 138–39, 142
Kurren, Barry, 145, 156, 175
labeling (information squeeze), 12, 37–46, 99, 119, 246, 247
Lacey, Richard, 28
Lancet, The, 133
Land Institute in Kansas, 212, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224–25, 226
Landrigan, Philip, 35
land stewardship (Maui), 162–67
Lappé, Frances Moore, 188
large-scale farming, problems, 218–19, 227
Latin America, 75, 180
legumes, 52, 215, 219, 226, 244, 264
Leopold, Aldo, 251
lettuces, 4, 22, 56, 161, 254, 256
Leu, André, 248–49
Liberty Link, 211, 242
Life magazine, 214
Literature of the Land class, 28
3, 284–85
lobbyists, 29, 30, 39, 48, 60, 119, 157, 172, 253
local, organic farming. See fruit (alternatives to industrial farming)
local food economy oppression (Maui), 13, 149–76
long-grained rice (indica), 199
lorsban, 126, 163
Louisiana State, 225
Lugo, Fernando, 198
MacArthur “genius grant,” 214
mad cow disease, 37
Maine, 44
Malaysia, 128
Mali, 225
Maluafiti, Alicia, 143–44
Manhattan, New York, 257, 261, 263
Manhattan Project, 58
Manifest Destiny, 212
Manshardt, Richard, 94, 97–98, 114–15
Mao Tsetung, 217
mapping, engineering, Prometheus, 77–105
Marden, Emily, 62
Marquez, Emily, 134
Maryland, 9, 10, 48, 59, 158, 231, 233, 234, 235, 249, 253, 256, 260, 262, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 273
Maryland Farm Bureau’s Specialty Crop Committee, 235
Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Board, 235
Maryland Grape Growers Association, 235
Maryland Institute College of Art, 267
Maui, 12, 143, 149, 150, 154, 157–76, 186, 240, 262
See also Hawaii
Maupin, Margie, 138
McDonald’s, 8, 48, 50, 256
meat, raising, 8, 254, 276–77
Meghan’s story, 285
Mendel, Gregor, 56
messenger RNA (mRNA), 83
methomyl, 133, 140
metolachlor, 133, 136
Mexico, 9, 215, 226, 249
Meyers, Blake, 24, 25, 77–79, 80, 85–86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91–92, 95–96, 185, 247–48
Miami University in Ohio, 26
Michigan, 266, 268
Michigan State University, 196–97
Micronesians, 172
Middle East, 221
millet, 186, 202
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 267, 268
Minnesota, 223
Missouri, 10, 49, 210
molecular biology, 18, 21, 54, 62, 63, 90, 92, 112, 224
Mollway, Susan, 175
Molokai, Hawaii, 143
monarch butterflies, 6, 35, 41, 44, 70, 213, 220
monoculture, 6, 44, 50, 51, 74–75, 197, 217, 218, 219, 248, 253, 260, 262, 272
See also crop dependency and starvation; genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Monsanto
“contamination” of food supply, 209, 211
feeding the world, 186–87, 192, 197, 198, 201
industrial food, 12, 52–53, 54, 55, 58, 67, 68–69, 70, 71–72, 73
influence of, 3, 7, 9, 30
Kauai, 123, 127, 131, 142, 143
Maui, 149–50, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175
Rainbow papaya, 115, 118, 120–21
safety question, 19, 28, 29, 30, 39, 226
sustainability of GMOs, 233, 248
See also Roundup
Montana, 222
Mortensen, David, 29
mosaic virus, 112–13, 116, 180, 181
mosquitoes, 277
Mozambique, 181
mutagenesis, 19, 56
Nabukalu, Pheonah, 225–26
National Academy of Sciences, 7, 25, 62, 69–70, 121
National Cattlemen’s Association, 64
National Geographic, 279
National Institutes of Health, 63, 92, 104
National Medal of Technology and Innovation, 30
National Research Council, 23
National Science Foundation (NSF), 85, 95, 114
National Toxicology Program, 36
natural selection, 18–19, 56, 78, 215
Nature, 75
Nature Institute in New York, 96, 265
NBC Nightly News (TV show), 2
Nebraska, 49, 59, 129, 172, 221
Neolithic farmers, 215
Ness, Autumn, 163–65, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170–71, 174
Nestle, Marion, 187–88
Netherlands, 276
neurological problems, 10, 34, 133, 134, 136, 277
New Delhi, 141
Newkirk, Ingrid, 277
New York, 10, 96, 111, 233, 257–58, 259–60, 261, 263, 265, 283
New York Times, The, 38, 68
New York Times Magazine, The, 193
New York University, 116–17, 187
nitrogen, 45, 52, 78, 80, 154, 161, 219, 220, 226, 228, 243–44, 246, 256, 264
Nixon, Richard, 49
NK603, 99, 100
Nobel Prize, 52, 77, 195, 203–4
Non-GMO Project, 41, 42, 234
Norman, Drew and Joan, 252–54, 255, 256, 257, 262, 271
North Dakota, 222
no-till agriculture, 246–47
nucleotides, 80, 82, 83, 86
Oahu, Hawaii, 32, 110, 111, 141, 142, 143, 147
Oasay, Lowella, 165–66
Obama, Barack, 30, 43–44, 263
obesity, 5, 17, 19, 21, 34, 104, 153, 154, 256, 272
Ohio, 9, 49
Oklahoma, 221
Omnivore’s Dilemma, The (Pollan), 52
OncoMouse, 72
One Straw Farm, 253
oranges, 121, 151, 158, 262
Oregon, 39, 150, 211, 268
organic movement, 4, 13, 14, 19, 20, 40, 117, 120, 195, 239, 240, 241, 263–64
See also fruit (alternatives to industrial farming)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 103
orphan crops, 185–90
Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 117
Pang, Lorrin, 173, 175
papaya, 11, 12, 23, 94, 97–98, 109–22, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 167, 179, 182, 186, 190, 191
Papaya Administrative Committee, 116
Paraguay, 34, 197–98
paraquat, 125, 133, 140, 148
Parkinson’s disease, 82, 140
patenting our food, 4, 30, 61, 70, 71–74, 115, 121, 122, 192, 227
Pauley, Jane, 2
PBS, 197
PCBs, 52–53
peanuts, 19, 121, 250
Pearlstone Center, Maryland, 273
peas, 51, 56, 152, 232, 281
Pennsylvania, 10, 49, 232, 233, 237, 242, 267
Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture, 98, 246
Pennsylvania State University, 29
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), 277
Pepsi, 39
Perdue, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238
perennials, promise of, 215, 217, 219–29
permethrin, 133, 134, 163
Persia, 221
Pesticide Action Network, 134
pesticides
agrochemical’s influence, 6
farm next door, 253, 264
feeding the world, 180, 194, 197, 198
GM crops and, 59, 61, 275, 276–77, 279
Kauai, 123–48, 149
Maui, 159, 161, 163, 164, 165, 167, 173
“pesticide drift,” 136–40, 142, 165, 198
reinventing the Plains, 212
safety question, 5, 18, 19, 20, 21, 28, 32, 34, 38, 39
sustainability of GMOs, 231, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248
wartime chemicals to petroleum-based farm chemicals, 52–54
See also chemicals sprayed on GMOs; insecticides; specific pesticides
Pew Research Center, 40
pharmaceutical companies and “biopharm” crops, 210–11
pharmaceuticals and GMOs, 2
27–28
phenotype, 82, 88
Philippines, 110, 116, 128, 191, 194, 203, 204
Phillipson, Mark, 144
phosphorous, 228, 234
pigs/hogs, 4, 24, 26–27, 57, 59, 64, 129, 151, 152, 159, 217, 252, 253, 258, 276
Pimentel, David, 32, 196
Pioneer, 125, 139, 140, 237, 238
Pioneer Hi-Bred, 51, 54, 186
Pipeline Masters, 141
Plant Breeders Rights Act, 73
plant that started civilization and the plant that could save it, 207–29
Plenish soybeans, 23, 236–38
plum, 121
Poison Spring: The Secret History of Pollution and the EPA (Vallianatos), 134
Poland, 9
polio vaccinations, 200
political power of agrochemical market, 3, 5, 6–8, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 29–31, 36, 38, 39, 43–44, 48–49, 57, 58, 59, 60–61, 68–69, 75, 94–95
Pollan, Michael, 52, 193, 202
Polynesia, 128
Pompeo, Mike, 43, 44
Portland, Oregon, 268
Portugal, 128
potato blight in Ireland, 75, 182, 216
potatoes, 278–79, 281
Potrykus, Ingo, 190–91, 192, 194
prairies, promise of, 215, 217, 219–29
“Precautionary Principle,” 164–65
Pribyl, Louis, 65
processed foods, 4, 6, 34, 39, 48, 49–50, 65, 76, 109, 153–54, 208, 209, 217, 236, 237, 238, 256, 264
produce, 4, 22, 50–51, 51, 55, 214, 249
profit motive, 5, 6, 11, 13, 21, 31, 60, 63–64, 74, 75, 110, 124, 185–87, 196, 197, 204, 227
Prometheus, mapping, engineering, 77–105
“promoter,” 83
“proprietary information” shroud, 129
public relations (feeding the world), 5, 6, 11, 13, 18, 78–79, 160, 167–68, 179–205, 213, 218, 257
Puerto Rico, 190
pulling weeds, 282–83, 284
pumpkins, 151, 242
Puna on the Big Island, 110, 113
Purcell, John, 175
Quayle, Dan, 68
radishes as cover crop, 243–45
Rainbow papaya, 10, 12, 23, 94, 97–98, 109–22, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 167, 179, 182, 186, 190, 191
rainforest, 222
rats study, 99–104
Reagan, Ronald, 30, 64, 66
recombinant DNA technology, 56–57, 62
Redfeather, Nancy, 151, 152, 153–54, 156, 158
Regal, Philip, 66–67
“regenerative,” 248
regional food specialties, 49
regionalization of food production, 265–66
regulation, 2, 6, 12, 27, 29, 30, 32, 37, 39, 43, 60–71, 97, 101, 102, 115, 121, 129–34, 145, 156, 175, 190, 204, 210, 252
Reimann, Carol, 166
reinventing the Plains, 212–14
Remate, 194
rennin, 57
respiratory problems, 32, 136
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