A Crack in the Edge of the World
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Azusa Street, Los Angeles, 335–42
Babes in Toyland (musical), 238
Baltica, 82–83
Baltimore Fire of 1904, 293, 326–27
Bam Earthquake of 2003, 90
banks. See also financial issues
establishment of, 208
relief efforts of, 316–17
Barbary Coast, 213–14, 224
Barnum and Bailey’s Circus, 314
Barringer Meteor Company, 136
Barrymore, John, 237, 284
Bartleman, Frank, 340–41
Bartlett, Washington, 206
basalt rock, 67, 69–73, 77, 150, 154, 413
Basin and Range Province, 134, 144, 417
Battery Park City, New York, 361
Bay Bridge, 361
beacon, Mount Diablo, 43
Bear Flag Revolt, 114
Beat poets, 356
Beaufort, Francis, 387
Bells of St. Mary’s, The (film), 2
Benicia, California, 128
Bennett, Sir Courtney, 291, 317–19, 331–32
Berkeley, California, 19
Berkshire Hills, Massachusetts, 87
Betjeman, John, 52
Bicknell, Ernest, 322
Bidwell, John, 118–21
Bidwell Expedition, 118
Bierce, Ambrose, 351
Big Bend, San Andreas Fault, 187–96, 199–200
“Big Four” business tycoons, 128–29, 225
Blosseville Coast, Greenland, 70
blossom (term), 35
Board of Education report, 317
Bohemian Club, 351
Bohemian culture, 351–56
Bolt, Bruce, 177
Bombay Beach, 198
Bonanza Kings, 214
Bonneville, Benjamin, 118
boosterism, post-earthquake, 319–24, 353, 355
bores (term), 412
Bosch-Omori seismographs, 267
Boston, Massachusetts, 314
boundaries, convergent, 60–61
Boyle, James, 253
brachiopods, 412, 417
Bradbury, John, 102–3
Branner, John, 320–21
Brawley Seismic Zone, 199
Brewer, William, 44–45
bribery, 224–25. See also government, San Francisco city
brick buildings, 158, 257, 279, 282
Bristol’s Recording Voltmeter, 264
British insurance companies, 324–27, 329
Brooks, Jared, 103
brothels, 209, 224
Browns Park, 141–42
buildings. See also physical damage
brick, 158, 257, 279, 282
building codes for, 88, 212–13, 319, 360–62, 411
Daniel Burnham’s designs, 357
chimneys of, 282–84, 310
City Hall (see City Hall)
concrete, 282
earthquake cottages, 313
earthquake intensity scales and construction vulnerability of, 390, 391–96
fault zoning for, 411
early San Francisco fires and, 211–13
San Francisco earthquake of 1868 and, 233–34
Great Charleston Earthquake of 1886 and, 93
Great San Francisco Earthquake and, 245, 257, 275–87
Great San Francisco Fire and, 281, 290–302, 319–21
insurance company response to claims for earthquake damages to, 324–30
Paso Robles earthquake of 2003 and, 158
post-earthquake architecture of, 359–60
pre-earthquake status of San Francisco, 209–11, 225–29
race-based covenants, 222
rebuilding plan for, 229–30, 356–59
San Francisco earthquake of 1868 and, 232–33
saving of Main Post Office building, 314–15
ships as, 211
steel-framed skyscrapers, 51, 225
wooden, 257, 282
Bulletin (newspaper), 224–25
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 320
Bullock and Jones Building, 285
Bureau of Highways, 128. See also highways
Bureau of Immigration, 346. See Chinese immigrants; immigration
Burke, William, 315–16
Burnett, Peter, 127
Burnham, Daniel, 229–30, 356–59
Burns, Robert, 5
Burns, William, 224
Burns Agency, 224
Bush, James, 283
Businessmen’s Association, 314
Butte Record (newspaper), 220
cable (maritime measurement), 412
cable cars, 216, 245
Cabo de San Francisco, El, 24
Caldwell, Charles, 293–94
California, 113–31. See also San Francisco, California
admission of, as free state, 127
Alta California, 46, 114–16, 201–6
Bear Flag Revolt, 114
capitals of, 128
Civil War, Reconstruction Era, and immigration into, 127–28
dispute over eastern boundary of, 122
early settlers of, 115–21
Earthquake Commission, 171, 182, 195, 256, 267, 269–71
Earthquake Fault Zoning Act of 1972, 411
founder of, 46
Geological Survey of, 136–37, 140, 161
Gold Rush and population growth of, 35, 121–27
governors of, 128–31 (see also government, California)
Mexican War and acquisition of, 113–15
naming of, 32–33
official nickname, mineral, and motto, 35
serpentine as state rock, 150
California Development Company, 197
California Dream, 117–18
California Earthquake. See Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906
California Institute of Technology, 24
California of San Francisco (company), 329
California Pacific States Telephone Company, 297
California Powder Works, 312
California State Earthquake Commission, 171, 182, 195, 256, 267, 269–71.
See also Lawson, Andrew
Californios (term), 116
Call Building, 225, 245, 420
Cambrian Period, 402
camels, 193
camps, refugee, 313, 315–16, 330
Canada
Alaska Highway in, 375–76
Chinese in, 373
oldest rocks in, 73, 79–82
post-earthquake financial relief from, 314
Yukon diamond deposits in, 85
canvas houses, 210, 313
Cape Horn route to California, 123, 204
Carmen opera, 233–38, 314
Carolina Plate, 59
Carquinez Strait, 33–34, 46
Carrier, Willis, 90
Carrizo Plain, 170, 187–91
Caruso, Enrico, 233–38, 249–51, 298, 314
Cascadia Subduction Zone, 169
casualties. See also coroner’s reports
of Alaska earthquake of 1964, 371
of Bam earthquake of 2003, 90
of Chiayi or Meishan Earthquake of 1906, 26
of Chilean earthquake of 1906, 27
of early San Francisco fires, 212
of Ecuadoran-Columbian Earthquake of 1906, 23–25
of Great Charleston Earthquake of 1886, 92
of Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, 245, 249, 256, 274, 282–84, 288, 301–2
of San Francisco earthquake of 1868, 232–33
of San Francisco earthquake of 1989, 361
public-relations campaign and, 322–23
of Sumatran earthquake of 2004, 90
of Vesuvius eruption, 26
cattle stampede, 248–49
Caucasus Mountains earthquake of 1906, 26
Celestials (term), 214, 220. See also Chinese immigrants
Cenozoic Period, 402
Central Emergency Hospital (CEH), 246, 279
Central Pacific Railroad, 128, 219
Cerro Prieto Geothermal Area, 198
chance-medley (term), 249
Charleston (South Carolina) Earthquake of 1886, 17, 86–96, 108
charts, nautical, 387
chert rock, 150
Chiayi Earthquake of 1906, 26
Chicago Fire of 1871, 292–93
Chicxulub meteor crater, 415
Chile
earthquake of 1906, 27–28
earthquake of 1960, 370
chimneys, 282–84, 310
China. See also Chinatown; Chinese immigrants
earthquake detection in, 261–62, 264–65
rebuilding of Chinatown and, 331
China Men (book), 345
Chinatown. See also Chinese immigrants
in California cities, 128
controversy over rebuilding, 330–31
destruction of, by Great San Francisco Earthquake, 294–95, 344
eyewitness accounts in, 245–46
Gold Rush and creation of, 217–23
photographs of, 215, 297
Portsmouth Square in, 210
Washington Street and, 243
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 222–23, 344
Chinese immigrants. See also Chinatown
Angel Island and, 254
in Canada, 373
as Celestials, 214, 220
immigration of, 128, 209, 214
as laborers on Central Pacific Railroad, 219
post-earthquake immigration of paper people, 343–50
racial discrimination against, 129, 209, 218–23, 344
Chinese Laundry Fire, 292
Chinese Six Companies, 222
cholera, 210
Christianity. See Pentecostal Movement
chromium, 71, 72
Chronicle building, 357
Chronicle newspaper, 358
chronology. See time
Chutes Amusement Park, 240–41
cities, disaster recovery of, 302–3, 332.
See also disaster recovery
City Auditor report, 317
City Gardens, 216
City Hall. See also government, San Francisco
Central Emergency Hospital in, 246–47
Great San Francisco Earthquake and collapse of, 279–80, 284, 294, 305, 307
pre-earthquake status of, 225
rebuilding of, 357, 359
San Francisco earthquake of 1868 and, 233
shoddy construction of, 280–81, 284–85
City Lights bookshop, 356
city planning, rejection of, 229–30, 356–59
City Weather Bureau, 14, 16–17
Civilian Conservation Corps, 43
Civil War, 127
claims, insurance. See insurance companies
classifying numbers, earthquake, 159
Claus Spreckels Building, 225, 245, 420
Clemens, Samuel (Mark Twain), 34
Clemens Well-Fenner-San Francisquito Fault, 195
clinker (term), 412
Clinopodium douglasii (yerba buena), 201–2
coaches, hackney, 215
Coal Hill name for Mount Diablo, 34–35
coal mining, 35–37, 41, 137
Coast Guard, 312
Cocos Plate, 59
Colima volcano, 169
Collins, Paul, 419
Colorado gem swindle, 141–42
Colorado River, 145–48
Colton, Walter, 116–17, 122, 126
Columbia (supercontinent), 83
Colombian Earthquake of 1906, 23–25
Columbia Theater, 238
Columbia University, 176
Comstock Lode silver discovery, 137, 214
comet of 1811, 99
Committee of Fifty, 311
concrete buildings, 282
Conestoga wagons, 118, 413
construction vulnerability, 392–96. See also buildings
Contact Creek, 374–75
Continental Divide, 375
continental drift, 69–70, 73–86. See also plate tectonics
Continental of New York (company), 329
continents, super, 73–86
convergent boundaries, 60–61
Cook, Jesse B., 244–45
Copeland, Ada, 142
coping strategies, William James on, 295–96
Coquille, Oregon, 258
cordilleran geoscientists, 148–49
core, earth’s, 76
coroner’s reports, 294, 309–10, 323–24. See also casualties
costs. See also financial issues
of Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, 288
of San Francisco earthquake of 1989, 361
cottages, earthquake, 313
County Clerk report, 317
covenants, race-based, 222. See also racial issues
Cowell, Harry, 353
Cowell, Henry, 353
cowyards (term), 224
Crater Lake, 372–73
craton (term), 413
creativity, post-earthquake loss of, 351–56
creep, aseismic, 182–84. See also displacement, earth
creep-meters, 161
Crespi, Juan, 196
Cretaceous Period, 7, 73, 415
crib (term), 214
crime
Gold Rush, 125–26, 213
post-earthquake, 313
crimp (term), 214
Crocker, Charles, 128–29, 225
crust, earth’s, 58, 76–78
culture
post-earthquake loss of San Francisco, 351–56
of United States in 1906,
curfew, 310
cwm (term), 413
Daisy Geyser, 382–85
Daly, John, 179
Daly City, California, as Great San Francisco Earthquake epicenter, 173, 175–79, 259
damage. See physical damage
Dana, Richard Henry, 116, 123, 204
Darwin, Charles, 10
Davidson, George, 14–16, 270
Davis, Richard Harding, 237
Dawson City, Yukon, 376
deaths. See casualties
Death Valley, 143
Defoe, Daniel, 165
De Forest, Lee, 51
Delano, Alonzo, 124
Delmonico’s restaurant, 237–38
de Melo, Sebastião, 55–56
democracy, Icelandic, 67–68
Denali Fault, 372, 378–80, 383
Denny, James, 252–53
Department of Alta California, 46, 114–16, 201–6. See also California
Department of Elections report, 317
de Portolá, Gaspar, 196
detection, earthquake, 261–73. See also seismographs
Devil’s Mountain. See Mount Diablo
De Young, Michael, 358
Diablo Beacon, 43
diamonds
Colorado gem swindle, 141–42
Yukon deposits of, 85
Dickinson, Bill, 152
Dictator, The (play), 237
diesel engine, 51
dikes (term), 414
dinosaur extinctions, 7
dip (term), 413
dirigible service, 123
disaster recovery
of cities, 302–3, 332
doubts about San Francisco, 317–19
rejection of San Francisco rebuilding plan, 229–30, 356–59
displacement, ground. See ground displacement
Dixon, Maynard, 352
dolerites, 414
Domengine Formation, 36, 41
Douglas, David, 201
Dow Jones Industrial Average, 322
Downtown Business Men’s Association, 358
Drake, Sir Francis, 115
dueling, 346
dust, brick, 279
dynamite, creation of firebreaks with, 300, 305, 311–13
earth
formation of, 76–78 (see also continental drift; plate tectonics)
geological time scale for, 401–3
size of, 58
Earthquake Commission, California State, 171, 182, 195, 256, 267, 269–71. See also Lawson, Andrew
Earthquake Fault Zoning Act of 1972, 411
earthquakes. See also faults
Alaska, 369–80
Alaska, and Yellowstone National Park geysers, 382–85
animals and, 240–41
building codes for, 88, 212–13, 319, 360–62, 411
casualties (see casualties)
costs (see costs)
detection devices, 261–73 (see also seisomgraphs)
East Pacific Rise, subduction, and, 167
Ecuadoran-Colombian Earthquake of 1906, 23–25
epicenters of, 172, 175–79
financial issues (see financial issues)
geology of California and, 41
glossary, 411–17
Great Charleston Earthquake of 1886, 17, 86–96
Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 (see Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906)
Great Yokohama Earthquake of 1880, 263
ground displacement and (see ground displacement)
intensity, 25, 192, 388–96, 401
intraplate, 108–12
Lisbon Earthquake of 1755, 55–56
Loma Prieta Earthquake of 1989, 360–62
magnitude (see magnitude, earthquake; Richter Magnitude Scale)
New England, 87–88
physical damage (see physical damage)
plate tectonics and, 59–61, 85–86 (see also plate tectonics)
prediction of, 107–8, 364–67
SAFOD project to monitor, 182–87
San Miguel, California, 157–63
San Francisco earthquake of 1868, 231–33
San Francisco preparedness for, 360–67
seismic events of 1906, 23–28 (see also seismic events)
southern San Andreas Fault, 196
Sumatran earthquake of 2004, 28, 85
Tejon Pass, 191–94
volcanic, 25
EarthScope, 185–86
Easter Island, 165
East Greenland, North American Plate rocks in, 69–73, 79–81, 85
East Pacific Rise, 165
Ecuadoran-Columbian Earthquake of 1906, 23–25
Edison Company, 50
Ehlert Triples, 264
1881 (year), disasters of, 99
Einstein, Albert, 49–50, 269
elastic rebound theory, 182, 272–73
electrical lines, damage to, 290
elephants, earthquakes and, 240–41
elevators, 51, 233
Embarcadero, San Francisco, 243, 294
Empire Restaurant, 232–33
EMS-98 Intensity Scale, 391–96
epicenters, earthquake
calculating, 398–99
as earthquake origination point, 172
of Great San Francisco Earthquake, 171–79, 259
intensity and, 388
of San Miguel earthquake of 2004, 159
of Tejon Pass earthquake, 192
eq (term), 159
Euphemia (ship), 211
Eurasian Plate, 59, 65
Eureka (California state motto), 35
Eureka, California, 259
Europe, 84