by Marc R. Rose
Jain S, et al. “The effect of modest vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation products and other cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients.” Lipids 31(Suppl):S87–90, 1996 Mar.
Jha P, et al. “The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease: A critical review of epidemiologic and clinical trial data.” Annals of Internal Medicine 123(11):860–72, 1995 Dec 1.
Julius M, et al. “Glutathione and morbidity in a community-based sample of elderly.” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 47(9):1021–6, 1994 Sep.
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Mares-Perlman JA, et al. “Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy.” Archives of Ophthalmogy 114(8):991–7, 1996 Aug.
Mo J, et al. “A new hypothesis about the relationship between free radical reactions and hemorheological properties in vivo.” Medical Hypotheses 41(6):516–20, 1993 Dec.
Nastou H, et al. “Prophylactic effects of intravenous magnesium on hypertensive emergencies after cataract surgery: A new contribution to the pharmacological use of magnesium in anaesthesiology.” Magnesium Research 8(3):271–6, 1995 Sep.
O’Keefe JH Jr, et al. “Insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of coronary artery disease.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 70(1):69–79, 1995 Jan.
Oliver MF. “Doubts about preventing coronary heart disease: Multiple interventions in middle-aged men may do more harm than good.” British Medical Journal 304:593–4, 1992 Feb 15.
Snodderly DM. “Evidence for protection against ARMD by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62(6Suppl):1448S–61S, 1995 Dec.
Thomas SR. “Coantioxidants make alpha-tocopherol an efficient antioxidant for LDL.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62(6Suppl):1357S–64S, 1995 Dec.
Uay-Dagach R, Valenzuela A. “Marine oils as a source of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet: How to optimize the health benefits.” Progress in Food and Nutrition Science 16(3):199–243, 1992.
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Chapter 4: Preventing and Healing Macular Degeneration
Albert D MD, Jacobeic F MD D Sc(Med), Robinson N AB. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology: Basic Sciences. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994: 1266, 1272.
Bergink G, et al. “Radiation therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration: A pilot study.” Graefes Archive for Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 232(10):591–8, 1994 Oct.
Bernstein PS, Seddon JM. “Decision-making in the treatment of subfoveal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: An analysis from the patient’s perspective.” Retina 16(2):112–6, 1996.
Boulton M, et al. “Lipofuscin is a photoinducible free radical generator.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B-Biology 19(3):201–4, 1993 Aug.
Connor WE, et al. “Essential fatty acids: the importance of n-3 fatty acids in the retina and brain.” Nutrition Reviews 50:21–9, 1992.
D’Amato RJ, et al. “Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91(9):4082–5, 1994 Apr 26.
Dastgheib K, Bressler S, Green W. “Clinicopathologic correlation of laser lesion expansion after treatment of choroidal neovascularization.” Retina 13(4):345–52, 1993.
el Baba W, et al. “Massive hemorrhage complicating age-related macular degeneration: Clinicopathologic correlation and role of anticoagulants.” Ophthalmology 93(12):1581–92, 1986 Dec.
Ferris FL. “Senile macular degeneration: review of epidemiologic features.” American Journal of Epidemiology 118:132–50, 1983.
Finger P. “Radiation therapy for subretinal neovascularization.” Ophthalmology 103(6):878–9, 1996 Jun.
Freund K, Yannuzzi L, Sorenson J. “Age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 115(6):786–91, 1993 Jun 15.
Goldberg J, et al. “Factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. An analysis of data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.” American Journal of Epidemiology 128(4):700–10, 1988 Oct.
Gutman M, et al. “Failure of thalidomide to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo.” Anticancer Research 16(6B):3673–7, 1996 Nov-Dec.
Ip M, Gorin MB. “Recurrence of a choroidal neovascular membrane in a patient with punctate inner choroidopathy treated with daily doses of thalidomide.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 122(4):594–5, 1996 Oct.
Johnson LE. “The emerging role of vitamins as antioxidants.” Archives of Family Medicine 3(9):809–20, 1994, Sep.
Kaminski MS, et al. “Evaluation of dietary antioxidant levels and supplementation with ICAPS-Plus and Ocuvite.” Journal of the American Ophthalmology Association 64(12):862–70, 1993 Dec.
Kirkpatrick JN, Dick AD, Forrester JV. “Clinical experience with interferon alfa-2a for exudative age-related macular degeneration.” British Journal of Ophthalmology 77(12):766–70, 1993 Dec.
Klein R, et al. “Racial/ethnic differences in age-related maculopathy. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.” Ophthalmology 102(3):371–81, 1995 Mar.
Leibowitz H, Krueger D, Mauder L. “The Framingham Eye Study Monograph.” Survey of Ophthalmology 24(Suppl):1980.
Levy JG. “Photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy.” Seminars in Oncology 21(6Suppl15):4–10, 1994 Dec.
McCarthy DM. “Mechanisms of mucosal injury and healing: the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 208(Suppl):24–9, 1995.
Munoz B, et al. “Blue light and risk of age-related macular degeneration.” Investigative Ophthalmology 31:ARVO Abstracts, 1990 Mar 15.
Nordoy A. “Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease: A reappraisal.” Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease 6:103–9, 1996.
Richer S. “Atrophic armd—a nutrition responsive chronic disease.” Journal of the American Optomology Association 67(1):6–10, 1996 Jan.
Richer S. “Multicenter Ophthalmic and nutritional age-related macular degeneration study—part 1: design, subjects and procedures.” Journal of the American Optomology Association 67(1):12–29, 1996 Jan.
Richer SP. “Is there a prevention and treatment strategy for macular degeneration?” Journal of the American Optomology Association 64(12):838–50, 1993 Dec.
Sarma U, et al. “Nutrition and the epidemiology of cataract and age-related maculopathy.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(1): 1–8, 1994 Jan.
Seddon JM, et al. “Dietary carotenoids, vitamin A, C, and E and advanced age-related macular degeneration.” Journal of the American Medical Association 272:1413–20, 1994.
Snodderly DM. “Evidence for protection against age-related macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62(6Suppl):1448S–61S, 1995 Dec.
Steiner M, et al. “A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64:866–70, 1996.
Thoelen A, et al. “Treatment of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with interferon alfa-2a: a short term, nonrandomized pilot study.” German Journal of Ophthalmology 4(3):137–43, 1995 May.
Traboulsi E, Jalkh A. “Retinal pigment epithelium tear as a cause of vitreous hemorrhage.” Annals of Ophthalmology 17(4):228–30, 1985 Apr.
Chapter 5: Preventing and Healing Glaucoma
Baudoin C, et al. “Expression of inflammatory membrane markers by conjunctival cells in chronically treated patients with glaucoma.” Ophthalmology 101:454–60, 1994.
Caprioli J, Sears M. “Forskolin lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits, monkeys, and man.” Lancet 1983:958–60, Apr 30.
Garbe E, et al. “Inhaled an
d nasal glucocorticoids and risk of ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma.” Journal of the American Medical Association 277(9):722–7, 1997 Mar 5.
Hiett JA, and Dockter CA. “Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a new perspective in glaucoma therapy.” Optometry Clinics 2(4):97–112, 1992.
Hugues FC, and LeJeunne C. “Systemic and local tolerability of ophthalmic drug formulations: An update.” Drug Safety 8(5):365–80, 1993 May.
Jonas J, et al. “Parapapillary retinal diameter in normal and glaucomatous eyes.” Investigative Ophthalmology 30:1599–1603, 1989.
Leydhecker W, Krieglstein GK. Glaucoma Update II. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1983:95–192.
Sakai T, Murata M, Amemiya T. “Effects of long-term treatment of glaucoma with vitamin B12.” Glaucoma 14:167–70, 1992.
Schweitzer D, et al. “Spectrometric investigation in ocular hypertension and early stages of primary open angle glaucoma and low tension glaucoma: Multi-substance analysis.” International Ophthalmology 16:251–7, 1992.
Scott BT. “Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: potential adjuvants to glaucoma therapy in the future.” Optometry & Vision Science 71(5):332–8, 1994 May.
Serle JB. “Pharmacological advances in the treatment of glaucoma.” Drugs & Aging 5(3):156–70, 1994 Sep.
Shingleton B, et al. “Long-term efficacy of argon laser trabeculoplasty: A 10-year follow-up study.” Ophthalmology 100(9):1324–9, 1993 Sep.
Spaeth GL. Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1990: 224–8.
White TC. “Aqueous shunt implant surgery for refractory glaucoma.” Journal of Ophthalmologic Nursing & Technology 15(1):7–13, 1996 Jan–Feb.
Williams DE, et al. “Effects of timolol, betaxolol, and levobunolol on human tenon’s fibroblasts in tissue culture.” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 33:2233–41, 1992.
Chapter 6: Preventing and Healing Cataracts
Awasthi S, et al. “Curcumin protects against 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal-induced cataract formation in rat lenses.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64:761–6, 1996.
Chylack L Jr, Tung W, Harding R. “Sorbitol production in the lens: a means of counteracting glucose-derived osmotic stress.” Ophthalmic Research 18(5):313–20, 1986.
Hankinson S, et al. “Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: A prospective study.” British Medical Journal 305:335–9, 1992.
Jacques P, Chylack L. “Epidemiologic evidence of a role for the antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids in cataract prevention.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(1Suppl):352S–5S, 1991 Jan.
Javitt C, et al. “Geographic variation in utilization of cataract surgery.” Medical Care 33(1):90–105, 1995 Jan.
Jedziniak J, Arredondo M, Andley U. “Oxidative damage to human lens enzymes.” Current Eye Research 6(2):345–50, 1987 Feb.
Malone J, Lewitt S, Cook W. “Nonosmotic diabetic cataracts.” Pediatric Research 27(3):293–6, 1990 Mar.
Ordy JM, Brizzee KR, Johnson HA. “Cellular alterations in visual pathways and the limbic system: Implications for vision and short-term memory.” Aging and Human Visual Function, R Sekuler, D Kline, K Dismukes, eds. New York: Alan R Liss, 1982:79–114.
Rathbun W, Bovis M. “Activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the human lens related to age.” Current Eye Research 5(5):381–5, 1986 May.
Robertson J, Donner A, Trevithick J. “A possible role for vitamins C and E in cataract prevention.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(1Suppl):335S–45S, 1991 Jan.
Robertson J, Donner A, Trevithick J. “Vitamin E and risk of cataract in humans.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 570:372–82, 1989.
Spaeth GL, ed. Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1990: 162–3.
Sperduto R, et al. “The Linxian cataract studies: Two nutrition intervention trials.” Archives of Ophthalmology 111(9):1246–53, 1993 Sep.
Varma S. “Scientific basis for medical therapy of cataracts by antioxidants.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(1Suppl):335S–45S, 1991 Jan.
Chapter 7: Preventing and Healing Diabetic Eye Disease
Barnard J, et al. “Response of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients to an intensive program of diet and exercise.” Diabetes Care 5:370–4, 1982 Jul–Aug.
Barnard J, et al. “Role of diet and exercise in the management of hyperinsulinemia and associated atherosclerotic risk factors.” American Journal of Cardiology 69:440–4, 1992.
Cameron N, Cotter M. “Neurovascular effects of L-carnitine treatment in diabetic rats.” European Journal of Pharmacology 319:239–44, 1997.
Challem J. “Antioxidants might ease diabetic complications.” Medical Tribune 1996 Dec 12:18.
Chew EY, et al. “Effects of aspirin on vitreous/preretinal hemorrhage in patients with diabetes mellitus: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 20.” Archives of Ophthalmology 113(1):52–5, 1995 Jan.
Flynn HW Jr, et al. “Pars plana vitrectomy in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, EDTRS report no. 17. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group.” Ophthalmology 99(9):1351–7, 1992 Sep.
Jacob S, et al. “The antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid enhances insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle.” Diabetes 45(8):1024–9, 1996 Aug.
Kilic F, et al. “Modelling cortical caractogenesis 17: in vitro effect of a lipoic acid on glucose-induced lens membrane damage, a model of diabetic cataractogenesis.” Biochemistry & Molecular Biology International 37(2):361–70, 1995 Oct.
Kowluru R, et al. “Abnormalities of retinal metabolism in diabetes or experimental galactosemia, III: Effects of antioxidants.” Diabetes 45:1233–7, 1996.
Lovejoy J, DiGirolamo M. “Habitual dietary intake and insulin sensitivity in lean and obese adults.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55:1174–9, 1992.
Rubin R. “A tighter rein on diabetes.” US News & World Report, 1993 June 28: 68.
Tuominen J, et al. “Exercise increases insulin clearance in healthy man and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.” Clinical Physiology 17:19–30, 1997.
Ziegler D, et al. “Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the anti-oxidant alphalipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALADIN study).” Diabetologica 38(12):1425–33, 1995 Dec.
Chapter 8: Preventing and Healing Retinitis Pigmentosa
Vingolo EM, et al. “Does hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) delivery rescue retinal photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa?” Investigative Ophthalmology 38: ARVO Abstracts, 1997.
Chapter 9: There Is No Good Nutrition without Good Digestion
Fallon, Sally. Nourishing Traditions. San Diego, Calif: ProMotion Publishing, 1995:43.
Pauling, Linus. How to Live Longer and Feel Better. New York: Avon Books, 1986.
Russell RM. “Gastrointestinal function and aging,” Geriatric Nutrition, JE Morley, ed. New York: Raven Press, 1990:232.
Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1994:565.
Suter PM, Russell RM. “Estimate of adequacy of 1989 RDA for vitamins for the elderly. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45:501–12, 1987.
Chapter 10: Keeping Your Blood Vessels Strong
Benzer W, et al. “Effects of intravenous magnesium chloride reverses left ventricular end diastolic pressure in coronary artery disease.” American Journal of Cardiology 77:638–40, 1996 Mar 15.
Bonithon-Knopp C, et al. “Combined effects of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status on carotid atherosclerosis in a population aged 59–71 years: The EVA study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65:121–7, 1997.
Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW. “Glutathione and ageing: ideas and evidence.” Lancet 344:1379–80, 1994 Nov 19.
Imre SG, MD PhD. “Increased proportion of docosahexanoic acid and high lipid peroxidation capacity in erythrocyte
s of stroke patients.” Stroke 25(12):2416–20, 1994.
Knekt P, et al. “Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: A cohort study.” British Medical Journal 312(7029):478–81.
Levine G MD, et al. “Ascorbic acid reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.” Circulation 93(6):1107–13, 1996 Mar 15.
Lip GYH. “Fibrinogen and cardiovascular disorders.” Quarterly Journal of Medicine 88:155–65, 1995.
McArdle W, Katch F, Katch V. Exercise Physiology. Philadelphia/London: Lea and Febiger, 1991.
Muldoon M, Kirtchevsky SB. “Flavonoids and heart disease.” British Medical Journal 312(7029):458–9, 1996 Feb 24.
O’Keefe J Jr, Lavie C Jr, McCallister B. “Insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of coronary artery disease.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 70(1):69–79, 1995 Jan.
Pace-Asciak CR, et al. “Wines and grape juices as modulators of platelet aggregation in healthy human subjects.” Clinica Chimica Acta 246(1–2):163–82, 1996 Mar 15.
Pauling, Linus. How to Live Longer and Feel Better. New York: Avon Books, 1986.
Rath M MD. Eradicating Heart Disease. San Francisco: Health Now, 1993.
Stampfer MJ, Malino MR. “Can lowering homocysteine levels reduce cardiovascular risk?” New England Journal of Medicine 332(5):328–9, 1995 Feb 2.
Stephens NG, et al. “Randomised controlled study of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study(CHAOS).” Lancet 347(9004):781–6, 1996 Mar 23.
Torun M, et al. “Serum levels of vitamin E in relation to cardiovascular diseases.” Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 20:335–40, 1995.
Chapter 11: Are Your Prescription Drugs Making You Go Blind?
Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1997.
Grahame-Smith DG, Aronson JK. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Physician’s Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Data Production Company, 1997.
Wolfe SM MD, Hope R-E RPh. Worst Pills, Best Pills. Washington, DC: Public Citizen Health Research Group, 1993.