by Dilip Hiro
Dykes, D.O., 121
East Bengal, 85, 86, 97
East India Company, 4, 19, 55
East Pakistan, 97, 109, 139, 140, 188, 190, 195, 199, 205, 207, 209, 419, 420, 421
estimates of violent deaths in 1971, 216–217
East Punjab, 102, 105, 122
Edward VIII (King), 35–36
Egypt, 107
Eisenhower, Dwight, 141–142, 143, 144, 148, 165, 310
English (language), 5, 7, 21, 147, 414
Epstein, Edward Jay, 259, 260, 261, 262
Evans, Harold, 203, 204
Express Tribune, 404
Fahim, Makhdoom Amin, 440
Fahim, Muhammad Qasim, 375, 377, 379
Faisalabad, 401
Farooq, Amjad, 338
Faruqi, Naseer Ahmad, 79
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 262, 360
Federally Administered Tribal Agencies (FATA), 237, 238, 369, 377, 378, 379, 381
Faridkot (Pakistan), 343, 352
Faridkot (Princely) State, 109
Farkhor Air Base, 373
Feldman, Herbert, 189
Ferozepur, 100, 107, 109, 190
Fifty Day War (Stage play), 302
Film and television industry, 134, 175, 219, 224, 265–266, 302
in Afghanistan, 393, 396–399
in India, 384, 396–399
in Pakistan, 394, 398–399
Financial Express, 302
First Gujarat Political Conference, 21
Fischer, Louis, 54, 82–83
Flames of Chinar, 176
Fleischer, Ari, 331
Ford, Gerald, 237
Foreign Affairs (Journal), 178
France, 30
Friends Not Masters, 156
Frontline, 291
Frost, David, 216, 277
G8 summits, 285, 296
Gaddafi, Muammar, 229
Gah, 364
Gait, Sir Albert, 20
Galbraith, John, 170, 173
Gall, Carlotta, 380–382
Gallup Poll (Pakistan), 319
Gandhi (movie), 25, 49, 106, 132
Gandhi, Abdullah, 62
Gandhi, Feroze, 194
Gandhi, Harilal, 13, 62
Gandhi, Indira, 250
and Abdullah, Shaikh Muhammad, 228
and Bangladesh War, 210, 215, 224, 421
and Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 223–225, 421–422
and East Pakistan, 204, 440–421
and Kashmir, 225, 228
and Khalistan movement, 248
and Nixon, Richard, 207–208
and nuclear program and weapons, 228
and Pakistan, 241–242, 244, 235, 246
and Research and Analysis Wing, 197
and Shimla Agreement, 225, 421–422
and Soviet Union, 207, 240, 241
and United States, 197, 207–208
and Zia ul Haq, Muhammad, 241–242, 244, 266, 423
as Goddess Durga, 218
assassination of, 249, 271, 423–424
biography and character of, 194–195, 224, 247, 250
emergency declared by, 232, 281, 422
Gandhi, Jaisukhlal, 89
Gandhi, Karamchand, 12
Gandhi, Kasturbai, 11, 12, 48, 72
Gandhi, Laxmidas, 13
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, 8, 10–11, 21, 58, 60, 61, 194, 312, 313, 415
and Ahmedabad textile workers strike, 22
and Champaran indigo farmers, 18–23
and communalism and communal violence, 41, 42–43, 87, 103, 105, 126
and Congress Party, 34–35, 43, 53, 57
and cow protection, 32, 35, 38, 41
and Hinduism, 16, 28, 31, 32, 38–39, 47, 49, 62, 89
and Irwin, Lord, 52–53
and Jinnah, Muhammad Ali, 11–12, 21, 22–23, 25, 33–34, 36–37, 46, 49–50, 61–62, 68, 71, 72–73, 78, 82–83, 85, 90, 128
and Kashmir, 114
and Khilafat movement, 29–30, 31, 32
and Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 93, 95, 103
and Muslim refugees, 107
and Nehru, Jawaharlal, 63, 87, 94–95, 127
and non-cooperation campaign (1920–1922), 33–38, 40
and non-violent tactics, 15–16, 223
and Pakistan, 125
and Patel, Vallabhbhai, 89, 107, 127
and Quit India campaign, 71
and Round Table Conferences, 46, 53–55
and Rowlatt Act, 24–25
and Salt Tax protest march, 46–47, 52
and sexual abstinence experiments, 89–90
and Untouchables, 43, 57
assassination of, 126–127, 424
biography character of, 12–13, 21, 49–50, 78
in South Africa, 12–17
on economic development model, 45, 132
on Hindu-Muslim unity, 89, 94–95
on Indian National Army, 76
on Islam, 62, 82
on Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 25, 31
on partition, 94
on religion and politics, 28, 31, 38
on Two Nation Theory, 69
on World War II, 67–68, 70–71
fasting by, 22, 23, 39, 42, 57, 125
Gandhi, Mridula, 89, 127
Gandhi, Putlibai, 12
Gandhi, Rajiv, 269, 278
and Bhutto, Benazir, 265, 266, 267, 425
and Hassan bin Talal, 257
and nuclear program and weapons, 251, 266, 282, 424, 425
and Pakistan, 254, 255, 258, 261, 288
and Sikh militancy, 252
and Zia ul Haq, Muhammad, 251–252, 255, 259, 266, 401, 424
assassination of, 271
biography and character of, 250–251
cricket diplomacy by, 255
Gandhi, Priyanka, 250
Gandhi, Rahul, 250
Gandhi, Sanjay, 250
Gandhi, Sonia, 250, 265
Garm Hava (movie), 219
Geo TV, 335
George V (King), 91, 98
George VI (King), 91, 98
Gereshk, 376
Germany, 7, 11, 67
Ghori, Muhammad, 4, 413
Gilani, Daood Sayed, 347–348
Gilani, Syed Salim, 347
Gilani, Yusuf Raza, 345, 351–352, 353, 355, 357, 358–359, 360, 361, 362, 382, 383, 403
Gilgit Agency, 142
Gilgit Wazarat, 111, 114
Girdharidas, Mangaldas, 11
Glimpses of World History, 156
Godfrey, J. H., 76
Godhra, 6, 21
Godse, Nathuram Vinayak, 127
Gojra, 108
Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, 10–11, 12, 16
Golden Temple, 248, 252, 256, 257, 258, 423
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 258, 267
Gore-Booth, Sir Paul, 170, 173
Goss, Peter, 316
Government of India Act (1919), 25, 39
Government of India Act (1935), 56, 58–59, 94
Gracey, Sir Douglas, 43, 129
Graham, Bob, 316
Green Book, 399
Grewal, Dalvinder Singh, 107
Gromyko, Andrei, 191, 205
Gujarati (language), 21
Gujral, Inder Kumar, 278–279, 282–283
Gul, Abdullah, 384
Gul, Hamid, 257, 264, 274
Gul, Muhammad Shah, 141
Gulmarg, 124
Gurdaspur, 99, 116
Gurez, 3
Gurjar Sabha, 11, 128
Gwadar, 387
Gyasto, Tenzin, 159
>
Haidar, Ejaz, 354
Haig, Alexander, 211, 212, 241
Hailey, Sir Malcolm, 51
Haji Pir Pass, 182, 183, 192, 193
Haksar, Parmeshwar Narayan, 223
Halfway to Freedom, 123
Hamdard, 28
Hamdoon Rahman Inquiry Commission, 216
Hamid Khan, Abdul, 209, 214, 217
Hamidzada, Humayun, 381
Hanif, Muhammad, 262
Hansen, Thomas Blom, 284
Haq, Ehsan ul, 292, 299, 304, 305, 319, 335
Haq, Ijaz ul, 261
Haqeeqat (movie), 172
Haqqani, Jalaluddin, 381
Hardinge, Lord, 17
Hari River, 37
Harijan, 57, 58, 76, 89
Harkat al Jihad Islami (HuJI), 346
Harkat ul Ansar, 294, 308
Harkat ul Mujahedin, 294, 304, 307–308
Harriman, Averell, 173
Haryana, 248, 252
Hashimi, Abdul Rahman, 348
Hassan, Gul, 182, 217, 218
Hassan, Killies, 376
Hassan, Mashood, 260
Hassan bin Talal (Jordanian Prince), 348
Hayden, Michael, 352
Headley, David Coleman, 348, 360–361
Headley, Serrill, 347
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 237
Helmand, 375, 379
Helms, Richard, 210
Hemraj, Naik, 365
Herat, 374, 392
Hersh, Seymour, 323
Heycock, W. B., 20
Hidayatullah, Sir Ghulam Hussein, 79, 87, 88
Hind Swaraj, 31
Hindi (language), 65, 393, 398
Hindu, 267, 269, 329
Hindu Mahasabha, 39, 66, 126, 127
Hindu Rashtra, 127
Hinduism and Hindus, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 16, 31, 32, 40, 41–43, 51, 55, 65, 68–69, 91, 101–102, 140, 201, 206, 219, 227, 229, 231, 242, 257, 271–281, 346–347, 394, 395–396, 413, 418, 421
Hindustan Times, 284
Hindustani (language), 44, 65, 66, 134, 396, 398
Hizb ul Mujahideen, 268, 307
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 55
Home Rule League, 18
Huang Hue, 208, 210–211
Hunter, Lord William, 30, 32, 33
Hunza, 142
Huq, Abul Kasem Fazlul, 61, 63, 64, 66
Husain, Aamir Reza, 301
Hussain, Mushahid, 279, 291, 297, 377–378
Hussain, Riaz, 181
Hussein, Wajahat, 320
Hyderabad (India), 98, 310
Hyderabad (Pakistan), 396
If I am Assassinated, 231
Iftikharuddin, Mian, 109, 115, 117
IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly, 389
Ikramullah, Sarvath, 257
Imam, Sir Ali, 6, 44
Immigration Regulation Act, 16
Imperial Legislative Assembly, 10, 24, 25
Imperial Legislative Council, 10
In Confidence, 212
In the Line of Duty, 186
In the Line of Fire: A Memoir, 344
In Search of a New Afghanistan, 394
India: The Critical Years, 187, 194
India and Indians, 2, 3, 4, 8, 24, 103, 109
and 9/11, 318, 428
and Afghanistan, 238–239, 359, 371, 372–373, 374, 375–376, 377, 378, 380, 381–382, 383, 384, 385–386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392–393, 422
and Baluchistan, 358, 377–378
and China, 137, 145, 154, 157, 158–166, 188, 201, 208, 233, 412
and East Pakistan, 209
and Israel, 243, 244, 250, 287, 315, 323, 328, 423, 425
and Kashmir, 278–279, 326, 366. See also India-Administered Kashmir
and Pakistan, 125, 126, 127, 128, 204, 206, 207, 240, 243, 246, 251, 254, 271, 274–275, 285, 287, 308, 310, 312, 319, 321–322, 323, 326, 328, 331, 332, 333, 336, 358, 367
and Soviet Union, 152, 153, 211–212, 215, 239, 419
and Taliban, 307, 383, 385–386
and United Nations, 125, 152–153, 287
and United States, 136, 145, 165, 170, 174, 185, 190, 205, 206, 229, 318, 321, 322, 323, 419, 425
broadcasting media in, 314–315, 335, 350
economy of, 312, 331, 405, 413, 429
military doctrine of, 334, 340, 355
nuclear doctrine of, 329, 330, 331, 334, 339, 341, 429
nuclear program and weapons of, 184, 222, 243, 251, 253, 280, 281–285, 289, 291–292, 293, 297, 413, 422–423, 426, 427
India Councils Act, 6, 7
India Independence Act (1947), 98
India Salt Act, 46
India Today, 267
India-Administered Kashmir, 269, 274, 278–279, 366
and Research and Analysis Wing, 275
and Soviet Union, 152, 227
constitutions of, 142, 151, 152, 177–178
elections in, 142–143, 153, 175, 276–277, 333–334
separatist movement in, 268–269, 272, 309, 326, 419–420
terrorism in, 320, 322
torture in, 275–276
India-China Boundary Problem, 1846–1947: History and Diplomacy, 160
India-China War, 169–172, 185, 233
India-Pakistan Trade Relations, 405–412, 430–431
contraband trade, 407
India-Pakistan War (1965), 185, 187, 189–190, 420
India-Pakistan War (1971), see Bangladesh War
India-Pakistan War (1999), see Kargil War
Indian Airlines, 374
Indian Airlines plane hijacked, 307–308, 323, 335
See also Air India
Indian Atomic Energy Commission, 229
Indian Mujahedin (IM), 346–347
Indian Home Rule, 31
Indian Kashmir, see India-Administered Kashmir
Indian National Army (INA), 75, 76
Indian National Congress, see Congress Party
Indian Opinion, 14
Indian Relief Act, 11, 16
Indian Youth Congress, 366
Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, 205, 206, 363, 371
Indus River, 98, 154
Indus River basin, 331, 413
Indus Waters Treaty, 155, 221, 266
Inter-Dominion Accord, 154
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 181, 196, 197, 198, 233, 236, 239, 244, 246, 247, 252, 256, 257, 265, 268, 269, 270, 271, 275, 276, 297, 299, 304, 310, 319, 335, 337, 340, 347–348, 351–352, 354, 361, 363, 378, 379, 381, 382, 384, 386, 388, 422, 423
Interlaken, 257
International Atomic Energy Agency, 196
International Cricket Council (ICC), 400
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 270, 285, 290, 300, 317
Iqbal, Javed, 47
Iqbal, Sir Muhammad, 51, 56, 65
Iran, 145, 204, 238, 372, 387
Isaacs, Rufus Daniel, 35
Ishaq Khan, Ghulam, 259, 264, 265, 269, 273
Islam, 4, 35, 40, 43, 65, 128, 147, 231, 232, 235, 275, 288, 347, 394, 413, 415
Islamabad, 231, 239, 254, 259, 265, 267, 305, 306, 310–311, 339, 343, 368, 406
Islami Jamhoori Ittihad (IJI), 264, 265, 269
Islamic atom bomb, 229, 288
Islamic Conference Organization, 227
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 227
Ismay, Hastings, 105
Ispahani, Nusrat, 221. See also Bhutto, Nusrat Begum
Israel and Israelis, 231, 241, 243, 261, 287, 315, 323, 328, 350, 413
Israelites, 107
Italian Fascist Party, 280
Jagmohan, 268–269
Ja
han, Akbar, 177
Jahan, Nur, 185
Jahangir (Emperor), 397
Jainism, 39
Jaipur, 255, 310
Jaish-e Muhammad (JeM), 320, 321, 322, 326, 337
Jalalabad, 374, 376, 378, 370
Jalandhar, 274
Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 25, 31, 134
Jamaat-e Islami (JeI), (Jammu and Kashmir) 247, 258, 268, (Pakistan), 268, 270, 273, 276, 292
Jamaat ud Dawa (JuD), 348, 355, 359, 360
Jamali, Zafarullah Khan, 336
Jamiat Ulema-e Islami (JUeI), 273–274
Jammu, 3, 111, 116, 170
Jammu and Kashmir, see Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), 247, 268
Jammu Region, 99, 111, 143, 250
Jamuna River, 99, 143, 250
Jamnagar, 245
Jamwal, Rajinder Singh, 115, 119, 122, 327
Janata Alliance, 233, 236, 281
Jane’s Terrorism and Security Monitor, 315
Japan, 69, 70, 72, 159
Jasaulipatti, 19
Jauhar, Muhammad Ali, 27–28, 30, 34–35, 40, 42, 44, 58
Javaid, Malik Tahir, 411
Jehan, Sonya, 397
Jenkins, Sir Evan, 91, 92, 99, 100–101
Jeremiah, David, 284
Jewish and Jews, 229, 231, 350
Jha, Lakshmi Kant, 179
Jhelum River, 98, 133, 154
Jinnah (movie), 132
Jinnah, Dinah, 37, 54
Jinnah, Fatima, 54, 100, 130
Jinnah, Maryam, 23, 37, 43, 45
Jinnah, Muhammad Ali, 7, 8, 11, 13, 21, 25, 33, 34, 76, 87, 93, 96, 109, 123, 132, 148, 303, 369, 400, 414, 416
and Abdullah, Shaikh Muhammad, 113, 116
and Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam 74, 75, 79
and Central Legislative Assembly, 40, 58
and Congress ministries, 63, 67
and Congress Party, 10, 17, 44, 45, 71, 82, 414
and Constitutional Award, 80, 81, 416
and Cripps Plan, 70
and Direct Action, 81
and Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, 11–12, 21, 22–23, 25, 33–34, 36–37, 46, 49–50, 61–62, 68, 71, 72–73, 78, 82–83, 85, 90, 128
and Home Rule League, 18, 23
and Imperial Legislative Assembly, 10, 24
and Kashmir, 113, 115–116, 118, 119, 122–123, 129, 130, 133, 416–417
and Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 93, 94, 95–96
and Muslim League, 10, 17, 41, 43, 44, 57, 58, 60, 63–64
and Nehru, Jawaharlal, 65–66, 83, 131–132
and Pakistan foreign policy, 110
and role of religion in Pakistan, 101, 128
and Round Table Conferences, 51, 55, 56
and Royal Indian Navy mutiny, 77
and Two Nation theory, 68, 218, 421
as Governor-General of Pakistan, 79, 97, 100, 109, 110, 118