The Longest August
Page 69
and Kashmir, 182, 184, 190, 215
and Kosygin, Alexei, 191
and Operation Desert Hawk, 179
and nuclear program and weapons, 184, 229
and Soviet Union, 187, 188, 190–192
as Prime Minister, 176
death of, 192, 193–194
biography and character of, 177, 182
Shatra, Lonchen, 159
Shaw, George Bernard, 13
Shawai Nullah, 355
Shekhar, Chandra, 270
Shergill, Karan, 302
Sherman, Wendy, 363
Shias, 275
Shimla, 223, 314, 373
Shimla Agreement, 225, 226, 228, 276, 314, 421–422
Shin Beth, 250
Shradhanad, Swami, 29
Shukla, Pandit Raj Kumar, 18, 19
Siachen Glacier, 2, 251, 257, 266, 279, 295, 340, 361, 362, 425
Sialkot, 184, 254, 401
Sikhs, 53, 55, 91–92, 99–100, 111–112, 242, 247–250, 251–252, 254, 257–258, 266, 274, 395, 425
Simla Convention (1913), 159
Simon, John, 43, 44
Simon Commission, 44
Sindh, 78, 87–88, 97, 102, 109, 246–247, 269, 273, 275, 395–396
Sindh Assembly Coalition Party, 48
Sindhi (language), 247
Singapore, 70, 407
Singh, Sir Amar, 111
Singh, Baldev, 85, 87, 95, 96, 121
Singh, Beant, 249
Singh, Beant (Chief Minister), 274
Singh, Bhagat, 46
Singh, Bikram, 365
Singh, Bishan, 135
Singh, Dilbagh, 243
Singh, Gobind, 92
Singh, Gulab, 113
Singh, Gurbaksh, 186
Singh, Gurbaksh Dhillon, 75
Singh, Harbakhsh, 184
Singh, Sir Hari, 110, 111–112, 119–120, 121, 142, 416
Singh, Janak, 114, 117
Singh, Jaswant, 10, 62, 293, 308, 314, 324, 329, 331, 374
Singh, Juggat, 104
Singh, Karan, 142, 143
Singh, Khushwant, 104, 249
Singh, Krishna, 96
Singh, Kunwar Natwar, 341
Singh, Mangal, 44
Singh, Manmohan, 340
and Afghanistan, 377, 388–389, 391
and Gilani, Yusuf Raza, 351, 358–359, 360, 361, 363, 382, 403
and Karzai, Hamid, 388
and Kashmir, 342, 365, 367
and Mumbai 2008 Terrorist Attack, 350, 351, 352, 354
and Musharraf, Pervez, 342, 343, 388, 429
and Nawaz Sharif, Muhammad, 365, 367
and Obama, Barack, 367
and Pakistan, 359, 367
and Zardari, Asif Ali, 358, 363, 364, 408
as Prime Minister, 340, 341, 357
biography and character of, 364
Singh, Partap, 111
Singh, Rajnath, 365
Singh, Ranjit, 92
Singh, S. K., 254
Singh, Swaran, 73, 173, 205, 240
Singh, Tara, 92
Singh, Vishwanath Pratap, 267, 268
Sinkiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, 160, 163
Sino-India War, see India-China War
Sir Creek, 279, 340, 361
Sisson, Richard, 215
Smith, David, 328
Smuts, Jan, 14, 16
Solanki, Amar Singh, 349
Solarz Stephen, 246
Soldier, Iqbal, 404
Soni, Ambika, 397
Soomro, Muhammad Mian, 346
South Africa, 11, 16, 18, 231
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), 242, 265, 270, 278, 290, 312–313, 324, 339, 361, 381, 406, 408, 410, 425
South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), 408, 410, 430
South Korea and South Koreans, 1, 137
South Waziristan, 118, 377, 378
South-East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 145, 152, 185, 187, 320, 417
Soviet Central Asia, 148
Soviet Union, 124, 152, 153, 161, 162, 163, 165, 167, 188–189, 191, 204, 205, 207, 422
and Afghanistan, 238, 253, 258, 370–371, 372
and Bangladesh War, 210
and United States, 167, 169, 171, 188–189, 210–213, 238, 240, 272, 332
Special Frontier Force, 174, 197, 206
Spin Boldak, 374
Sri Lanka, 168, 271, 290, 404
Srinagar, 3, 111, 120, 121, 175, 182, 294, 320, 343, 416, 417, 419
Stalin, Joseph, 151
Stars for Another Sky, 135
Statesman, 86
Stephens, Ian, 115
Sudhan clan, 294
Sudhir, 108
Sufis, 31, 88, 265
Suhrawardy, Hussein Shaheed, 78, 83–84, 103, 147, 148, 257
Sunday Times (London), 203
Sunderarajan, Krishnaswamy, 253, 254, 424
Sunnis, 275
Suntook, Nowsher F., 244
Sutlej River, 98, 99, 100, 154
Swat Valley, 183
Swatantra, 109
Syed, Ghulam Murtaza, 247
Sylhet, 97
Symington, Stuart, 236
Symington Amendment (US), 236, 240, 241, 231
Szulc, Ted, 204
Tagore, Rabindranath, 32, 65, 66, 415
Tahiliani, Hariram Radhakrishna, 253
Taiwan, 103, 168, 201
Taizani, 373
Taj Mahal, 219, 309, 314
Taj Mahal: The Eternal Love Story (Movie), 397
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, 348, 350, 351
Tajikistan, 370
Tajiks, 375
Taliban, 3, 295, 299, 303, 307–308, 382, 393
and Afghanistan, 372, 385, 386, 390, 391, 392
and Al Qaida, 390
and Bhutto, Benazir, 372, 385, 386, 390, 391, 392
and Clinton, Bill, 299
and India, 307, 383, 385–386
and Karzai, Hamid, 372, 385, 386, 390, 391, 392
and Musharraf, Pervez, 209, 318
and Pakistan, 274, 303, 317, 322, 337, 372, 373, 379, 380, 381
and United States, 317, 322
resurgence of, 375, 379
Tamewali, 259, 260
Tanmurg, 124
Taraki, Nur Muhammad, 237–238
Tarar, Muhammad Rafiq, 287, 307, 316, 313
“Tariq, General,” 115
Taseer, Muhammad Din, 116
Tashkent, 188, 190, 191
Tashkent Declaration, 192, 193, 195
Tawang, 160, 169, 170, 171, 181
Tawi River, 183
Tehelka, 355
Tel Aviv, 243, 423
Tendulkar, Sachin, 401, 404–405
Tenet, George J., 284
Tezpur, 164, 171
Thagla Ridge, 168
Thailand, 145, 370
Thatcher, Margaret, 267
The 9/11 Commission Report, 316
The Discovery of India, 156
The Emergence of Pakistan, 119
The Story of My Experiments with Truth, 10
The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 381–382
Thendup, Gyalo, 161
Thoreau, Henry David, 13, 15
Thimayya, K. S., 154
Thimpu, 360, 361
Thussu, Swarupram, 177
Tibet, 158–162
Tikka Khan, Muhammad, 199, 202, 207
Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, 23
Time, 136, 187, 383
Tippera, 86
Tiscenka, Vera, 147
Tiwana, Sir Khizr Hayat, 79, 88, 91
&
nbsp; Toba Tek Singh, 135
Tolo TV, 392, 393, 394
Tolstoy, Leo, 13
Tolstoy Farm, 16
Toronto, 404
Train to Pakistan, 104
Transvaal Immigration Restriction Act, 15, 16
Transvaal Republic, 13
Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation (Afghan-Soviet), 238
Treaty of Friendship between India and Afghanistan (1950), 370, 388
Treaty of Peace with Japan, 137
Treaty of Sevres, 33
Trelford, Donald, 255
Trombay, 229, 244, 423
Troti, 183
Truman, Harry, 136, 137, 138, 141
Tulsi (television serial), 3893, 394
Turki bin Faisal (Saudi Prince), 241
Turkey, 28, 145, 171, 204
Turkmenistan, 370
26/11, 351, 357, 361, 364
Two Nation theory, 5, 68, 69, 218, 414
Tyabji, Abbas, 48
Tyabji, Badruddin, 10
U Thant, 184, 188
Uban, Sujan Singh, 179, 209
Union of South Africa, see South Africa
Unionist Party, 61, 79, 91
United Arab Emirates, 289, 398, 401, 407, 409
United Front (East Pakistan), 146, 278
United Press International, 48
United Nations (UN), 1, 124, 150, 200, 250, 277, 287, 313, 370, 375
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), 133, 184
United Nations Commission on India and Pakistan (UNCIP), 133, 136, 143, 151
United Nations Security Council, 1, 124, 129–130, 136–137, 152–153, 184, 188, 200, 210, 282–283, 294, 355, 357
United Progressive Alliance (UPA), 340, 341
United Province, 395
Unto This Last, 14
United States, 15, 21, 55, 152, 155, 293, 303, 332, 363, 350
and 9/11, 316
and Afghanistan, 237, 252, 316, 326, 359, 372, 375, 376, 383, 385, 387
and Ali Khan, Liaquat, 138
and Bhutto, Benazir, 278
and Bhutto, Zulfikar, 185, 191
and China, 163, 168, 204, 208, 211–213, 293
and Gandhi, Indira, 197, 207–208
and India, 136, 145, 165, 170, 174, 185, 190, 205, 206, 229, 318, 321, 322, 323, 419, 425
and Israel, 243
and Nawaz Sharif, Muhammad, 270, 273
and Nehru, Jawaharlal, 85, 144–145, 171–172
and Pakistan, 110, 128, 137, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 153–154, 157, 179, 185, 187, 196, 204, 222, 237, 241, 243, 244, 246, 251, 253, 270, 272, 278, 287, 307, 309, 310, 311, 316–318, 326, 332, 336, 363, 373, 376, 380, 387, 407, 417, 422, 426
and Soviet Union, 167, 169, 171, 188–189, 210–213, 238, 240, 272, 332
and Taliban, 317, 322
Nonproliferation Act of, 236
Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of, 284
Untouchables (Hindu), 43, 53, 54, 55, 57
Upadhaya, Deen Dayal, 281
Urdu (language), 65, 66, 147, 398, 417
URENCO, 231
Uri, 3, 119, 120, 124, 408
US-Pakistan Mutual Security Pact, 157
Usmani, Muzaffar, 305, 317, 319
USSR, see Soviet Union
Uzbekistan, 188, 370
Vaishya (movie), 302
Vajpayee, Atal Bihari, 233, 289, 334, 376
and Clinton, Bill, 296, 299, 310, 312, 427–428
and Indian Airlines plane hijacked, 307–308
and Kargil War, 295–296, 298–301
and Kashmir, 293, 337
and Lahore Declaration, 293, 312
and Musharraf, Pervez, 291, 307, 313, 314, 324–325, 331, 406, 428
and Nawaz Sharif, Muhammad, 290, 291–292, 295–297, 313, 426–427
and nuclear doctrine, 329
and nuclear program and weapons, 280, 281–82, 283, 426
and Pakistan, 292, 293, 322–323, 325, 427, 429
and terrorist attacks in Delhi, 320–322, 324, 335, 429
biography and character of, 280–281
Vajpayee, Krishna Bihari, 280
Vajpayee, Namita, 292
Vale of Kashmir, 120, 129, 133, 142, 157, 175, 277, 295
Vance, Cyrus, 236
Vande Matram (song), 64–66, 415
Vanity Fair, 259
Vedic Hinduism, 31, 32
Venkataraman, Ramaswamy, 259
Verma, A. K., 257
Victoria (Queen), 349
Vienna, 196, 423
Vietnam, 217
Vij, Nirmal Chander, 334
Vijaypur, 327
Vishakhapatnam, 76, 327
Vohra, Gulab, 62
Voice of Kashmir radio, 182
Vorontsov, Yuli, 211
Waar (movie), 399
Wagah, 187, 291, 364, 387, 403, 407, 409, 411, 416
Wah, 381
Wahhabis, 275
Wahid, Abdul, 393
Walong, 171
War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh, 216
Warsaw, 168
Washington, 1, 85, 138, 196, 207, 261, 267, 325
Wassom, Herbert M., 259
Wavell, Archibald Lord, 71, 72, 73, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 87
Weisman, Steven R., 25
Welwyn Garden City, 247
West Bengal, 109, 139, 140, 217
West Pakistan and West Pakistanis, 134, 140, 146, 217, 219
West Punjab, 102, 105, 118, 119
Weston, D., 19
Willingdon, Lord, 55
Wilson, Harold, 178
Wilson, Woodrow, 21
Wisner, Frank, 282
Wolport, Stanley, 21
World Bank, 154–155, 266, 270, 285, 417
World Policy Journal, 260
World Sindhi Conference, 247
World Trade Center (New York), 273, 316
World War I (1914–1918), 7–8, 11, 22, 24, 26, 28
World War II (1939–1945), 67–68, 70–71, 72
Wullar Barrage, 279, 340
Xinjiang Autonomous Region, 160, 173, 204
Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, 166, 167
Yahya Khan, Agha Muhammad, 183, 196, 198, 201, 217, 420, 428
and Ayub Khan, Muhammad, 196, 420
and Bangladesh War, 209–210, 213, 214, 217
and Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 222
and East Pakistan, 199, 205, 207
and Nixon, Richard, 196, 202, 207
and Operation Grand Slam, 183
general election under, 197–198
resignation of, 218
Yaqoob, Abdul Razak, 335
Yamuna River, see Jamuna River
Yaron, Amos, 328
Yeh Khamoshi Kahan Tak?, 297
Yekaterinburg, 358
Young India, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42
Yousaf, Jam Muhammad, 277
Yuan Zhongxian, 159
Yusaf Khan, Muhammad, 320, 323, 328, 345
Zabul, 375
Zaheer, Sajjad, 223
Zahid, Anwar, 293
Zahir Shah, Muhammad (King), 237, 370, 371
Zakaria, Fareed, 379–380
Zaki, Akram, 273
Zardari, Asif Ali, 224, 264, 265, 266, 268, 347, 352, 353, 354, 357, 358, 363, 364, 384, 390, 408
Zardari, Hakim Ali, 224, 266
Zawahiri, Ayman, 228
Zee TV, 399
Zhou Enlai, 147–148, 161, 162, 163, 165–166, 202, 204, 233, 418
and Abdullah, Shaikh Muhammad, 177
and Kissinger, Henry, 205–206
and Nehru
, Jawaharlal, 169, 170, 418
Zia ul Haq, Muhammad, 141, 238, 258, 318, 400, 401, 423
and Afghanistan, 237, 238, 239, 258
and Bhutto, Benazir, 263
and Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 233, 234, 235, 263, 422
and Gandhi, Indira, 241–242, 244, 266, 423
and Gandhi, Rajiv, 251–252, 255, 259, 266, 401, 424
and India, 235, 236, 246, 247, 254, 396
and Inter-Services Intelligence, 239–240, 257
and Kashmir, 268, 326
and Khalistan movement, 251–252
and Movement for Restoration of Democracy, 246, 247
and nuclear program and weapons, 236, 240–241, 251–252, 254–255, 423, 424, 425
and Pakistan People’s Party, 233
as Army Chief, 233, 254, 429
assassination of, 258–260, 262, 263, 276, 422
biography and character of, 234–235, 251, 262
general elections under, 251, 270
Islamization by, 238, 239, 258, 265, 268, 275–276, 292
military coup against Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 232, 235–236
Ziarat, 130
Zinni, Anthony, 296
Zinta, Priety, 302
Zira, 100
Zoroastrians, 194
Zulu rebellion, 12, 14
About the Author
DILIP HIRO is one of the world’s leading experts on South Asian, Central Asian, and Middle Eastern affairs. His thirty-four books include Inside India Today, Inside Central Asia, The Timeline History of India, War Without End, and Apocalyptic Realm: Jihadists in South Asia. He contributes to the New York Times, Guardian, Washington Post, Observer, and Nation, as well as Salon, TomDispatch, and YaleGlobal online magazines. He is a commentator for CNN, the BBC, and Al Jazeera English.