by Ober, Josiah
transfer payments, 252
transportation of populations, 179
tribes, 164, 165f, 170–71, 224
triremes, 169
trust, 170–71
Tuck, Richard, 336n19
Tyndarides, 186–87
tyranny: in Athens, 153, 158–60; defined, 157; etymology of, 350n2; military capabilities underpinning, 137; rarity of, in Greek world, 157–58; as regime type, 40; in Sicily, 60, 176–78, 253; in Syracuse, 178–82, 253
United States: current population of, 22; wealth and income distribution in, 90
urbanization, 86–88, 88t, 102, 340n34
U.S. Constitution, 162
Valaoras, Vasilios, 85
vegetables, 29
wages, 91, 93–95, 94t, 205, 303
Wallis, John, 10, 116, 125, 135
warfare: characteristics of, 30–31; citizen-centered regimes favored by, 131, 136; democracies successful in, 325–26; equipment for, 130, 136, 286; expertise in, 137, 206, 248–49; independence maintained through, 107–8; Sparta and, 140; technology and tactics of, 136, 206, 226, 286–88, 362n38. See also fortifications; siege warfare
warlords: in fourth century, 223; Hellenistic, 19, 300–302, 309, 314; Macedonian, 70, 282; in Sicily and Syracuse, 254–57, 289
warships, 30, 159, 169, 206, 359n50. See also navy
weak ties, in networks, 171
wealth: competition promoting, 117–19; conditions for, 105–19; distribution of, 89–98; explanation of, 101–5, 120–21, 188–89; rule egalitarianism promoting, 103, 111–17; in Sicily, 188–89; in Sparta, 140–41; Thucydides on, 207–8
weights and measures, 116, 204
Weingast, Barry, 10, 116, 125, 135, 310
welfare, 115, 252
wheat, 12, 27, 29
wheat wages, 91, 93, 94t, 95, 96t, 97–98
Xenophon, 223, 239, 248, 287, 290; Anabasis, 228; Memorabilia, 113; Revenues, 248
Xerxes, 76, 77
Zancle-Messana, 176, 185
Zimmern, Alfred, 76