The Counterrevolution
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Libya, 81, 162, 174
life
bare, 76, 119
insidious monitoring of private lives, 153, 154, 160
See also Black Lives Matter protests; digital life, as distraction; digital life, docility with
Louis IV of Bavaria, 249
Lumpkin, Michael, 97–98
Lyles, Charleena, 171
Machiavelli, 37
Macron, Emmanuel, 215
Majid Omar Mosque, 147
Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age (Clausewitz), 24
Malaya, 12, 20, 23, 32, 46, 138
Malik, Abu, 127
Manning, Chelsea, 253
manuals. See Army and Marine Corps Field Manual 3-24, US; Instructions of the Holy Office of the Inquisition; KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation manual
Mao Zedong, 27, 29, 196
with counterinsurgency warfare, 20, 21, 24, 33–35
“Eight Points of Attention” and, 25–26, 93
Maple, Jack, 139–140
Marshall, George C., 139
martyrdom, 116–118
Marx, Karl, 289
masculinity, torture and, 114–118
mass incarceration, 9, 252
masses. See population, general
“massive retaliation” theory, 19
Massu, Jacques, 40, 41, 99–100, 115
Mathias, Grégor, 33
Mattis, James Norman, 14, 207
Mauriac, François, 253
Mbembe, Achille, 276
McDonald, Laquan, 170–171
McMaster, H. R., 14, 92, 208
McNamara, Robert, 208, 238, 240
media. See social media
Medieval Period, 107, 108
memos
on killing, 125, 226–228
torture, 66–72
men, surveillance of Muslim or Middle Eastern, 151–152, 162–170
metadata, domestic surveillance, 145, 159–160
Mexican Americans, 11, 13, 118, 210
Mexicans, 13, 14, 15, 207, 210, 254
Microsoft, NSA working with, 4, 153, 154, 160
Middle Ages, 69, 106
Middle Easterners
domestic surveillance of male, 151–152
FBI with surveillance of, 162–170
militarization, of police, 6, 11, 131–136, 143, 172
military
Irish Republican Army, 12, 23, 138
Red Army, 25–26, 93
military, US, 3, 19, 45, 94
costs, 208–209
counterinsurgency warfare and, 10, 13
growth and reach of, 90–91
See also Army and Marine Corps Field Manual 3-24, US
Mill, John Stuart, 23
minds. See population, winning hearts and minds of
minorities
“counterrevolutionary,” 200
police as active, 135–136
minorities, surveillance of active
American Muslims, 174–178
counterinsurgency theory, debate, 178–180
Counterrevolution and, 200–201, 205–206
men, Muslims and Middle Eastern, 162–170
No Fly List and, 161–162
police shootings, 170–174
minority, insurgent
counterinsurgency theory and eradication of, 8, 32, 49, 72
drone strikes against, 10, 77–82
indefinite detention for, 10, 74, 101
torture and, 10, 42, 72, 106
Miranda v. Arizona, 69
Mitterrand, François, 40
model making, 242
modern warfare, 24, 29, 37, 102
drone strikes and, 79, 99
torture in, 38–45, 48
Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency (Trinquier), 29, 37
Mohamed, Ahmed, 167–170, 169 (photo)
Mohamed, Mohamed El-Hassan, 167
Mohammad, Jude Kenan, 126
Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 65, 229
Mollet, Guy, 41
Monaco, Lisa, 97–98
Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error (Le Roy Ladurie), 107, 108
Montesquieu, 23
Moore, Darnell, 253
Morozov, Evgeny, 184
Morris, Errol, 82
Morse, Joshua, 109
Mose (a slave) v. The State, 109
MOVE, 138, 203
Moyn, Samuel, 212, 291
Multitude (Negri and Hardt), 219
Muslims
American, 4–5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 147–151, 150 (photo), 174–178
domestic surveillance of male, 151–152
targeting of, 14, 15, 118–119, 145, 151–152, 162–170, 190, 207, 209
Mussolini, Benito, 190
“mutually assured destruction” theory, 19
MYSTIC program, 4
Nagl, John, 33
al-Najjar, Ridhar, 61
Napoleon Bonaparte, 27
National Bird (film), 82–83
National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), 229–230
National Security Agency (NSA), 10
AT&T and, 157–159
domestic surveillance and, 145–147, 152–159
eavesdropping program, 145, 152–159
social media working with, 4, 59, 153–154, 160, 186, 191, 200–201
surveillance, domestic communications, 12, 153
surveillance, total, 57–60, 87, 153, 186, 191, 200
surveillance programs, 4, 11, 58, 153, 154, 155 (fig.), 200
with USA PATRIOT ACT, Section 215, 4, 6, 58, 60, 145, 218
National Security Council (NSC), 65, 66
Nazis, 85, 118, 216–217, 218, 221
NDAA. See National Defense Authorization Act
necessitas legem nonhabet (“necessity has no law”), 217
Negri, Antonio, 219
Nelson, Horatio, 139
Netflix, 95, 153, 154, 187, 191
New Deal, 9, 203
New Sanctuary Coalition NYC, 253
New York City Police Department (NYPD)
Americans Muslims and, 4–5, 6, 147–151, 150 (photo)
with counterinsurgency warfare mindset, 138–140
Raza v. NYPD, 149
New York Times, 126, 135, 158, 192
New Zealand, as Five Eyes partner, 59
Newton, Huey, 137
Nicaragua, 138
Night of the Long Knives, 217
9/11, 57, 61, 162, 176
Nixon, Richard, 9, 142
No Fly List, 161–162
North Africa, 20, 25, 48
North Dakota, 11, 135
NSA. See National Security Agency
NSC. See National Security Council
“nuclear age,” 20
nuclear warfare, 19–20
NYPD. See New York City Police Department
Oaks, Martin, 109
Obama, Barack, 11, 74, 76, 158–159, 168
with digital propaganda, 95–97
with drone strikes, 3, 80–81, 125–127
“kill list” and, 77–78
NDAA and, 229–230
No Fly List and, 161–162
role of, 184, 189, 231, 240
obsession, with digital life, 183–185, 194–195
Ockham’s razor, 249–254
Oedipus Rex (Sophocles), 105
Office of Legal Counsel, 68, 69, 232
On the Concept of History (Benjamin), 221
On War (Clausewitz), 27
Operations Research (OR), 234–235, 238
The Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 212
Ormond, James, 110
Orwell, George, 156–157
Osnos, Evan, 164, 165
pacification, of population, 89
Pacification in Algeria, 1956–1958 (Galula), 45, 46, 98
Pakistan
drone strikes in, 3, 11, 78, 80, 81, 82, 126
immigrants, 164–167
Palestine, 12, 20, 138
Paltalk, working with NSA, 4, 154
Pantale
o, Daniel, 5
Paret, Peter, 20, 195, 196, 240
“counterguerrilla” warfare and, 27–28
revolutionary warfare and, 24–27
terrorism and, 47–48
Parsons, Nelson, 110
Patton, George, 139, 140, 141
peasants uprisings, 120, 250
“Penal Theories and Institutions” (Foucault), 195–196
Pennsylvania State Police, 138
Petraeus, David, 20, 23, 48, 93, 95, 141, 207
See also Army and Marine Corps Field Manual 3-24, US
Philadelphia Police Department, 137–138
Philippines, 15, 23, 46, 113–114
Phoenix Program, CIA, 45
phones, 60, 183–184, 186–187
Poindexter, John, 58–59
Poitras, Laura, 253
Pokémon GO, 157, 182, 185–186, 191
police
African Americans and, 11, 132, 138, 142, 171
interrogation, 38, 39–40, 69, 168, 169 (photo)
race and, 135, 141–142
robot bombs and, 11, 129–130, 131, 135, 243
shootings, 5, 7 (photo), 132, 133 (photo), 142, 148, 170–174
SWAT teams, 132, 134–135, 172, 243
torture and, 39–40
See also New York City Police Department
police, counterinsurgency warfare and
drones, 11, 129–131, 135
in Ferguson, Missouri, 7 (photo), 132, 133 (photo), 172–173
historical context and growth of, 136–138
militarization of, 6, 11, 131–136, 143, 172
mindset of, 138–143
SARA approach and, 140
Political Theology (Schmitt), 217
politics, 25, 47
counterinsurgency warfare and, 8, 9–10, 14–15, 34–35
with digital life as distraction, 184, 189–190
docility with digital life and, 189–190, 193–194
as spectacle, 184, 189–190, 210–212
voting and apathy, 188–189
Polybius, 23
Pompidou, Georges, 250
population, general, 26, 60, 182
“counterguerrilla” warfare and, 27–28
counterinsurgency strategies used against, 13–15, 23
counterinsurgency theory and allegiance of, 8, 25, 31–32, 37, 89
digital entrancement of, 194–195
insurgent minority with passive, 10, 32
population, winning hearts and minds of
commandments for, 93
Counterrevolution and, 201
denial and distraction with, 181–182
digital propaganda and, 95–98
with infrastructure, investment in, 10, 90–95
tactics for, 89–90, 182
terrorism and, 98–100
Posner, Eric, 220
poverty. See War on Poverty
Powell, Colin, 67
Princeton Studies in World Politics, 25
PRISM program, NSA and, 4, 11, 58, 153, 154, 155 (fig.), 200
prison camps, 120, 137
See also Abu Ghraib; black-site prisons, CIA; Guantánamo Bay
prisoners, torture account from, 73–75, 77
profiling
digital, 191, 194
racial, 147–152, 169
See also minorities, surveillance of active
propaganda, digital, 90, 95–98
protests, 120, 250
Black Lives Matter, 142, 210, 253
police shootings, 5, 7 (photo), 132, 133 (photo), 170–174
psychological warfare, 26, 43, 90, 95–98, 103
psychology, 244
drone strikes and influence on, 81–84
torture and, 62–63, 68, 83–84, 117
of torturer, 83–84
“Put Down Your Phone” (Sullivan), 183–184
Al Qaeda, 61, 66–67, 126, 203, 216, 222
Quade, Edward S., 234, 236, 237 (fig.), 238–239, 242
The Question (Alleg), 114–116
race
with “Damn, Daniel!,” 193
police and, 135, 141–142
profiling, 147–152, 169
torture and, 118–120
radicalization, efforts to stop, 95–96
Rahman, Gul, 61–62
RAND Corporation, 19, 46, 140
OR and, 234–235, 238
counterinsurgency theory and, 60, 240–241, 243–244
Counterrevolution and, 233–236, 237 (fig.), 240–241, 243–244
Report P-3322, 236, 237 (fig.), 242
rape, 117
Raza v. NYPD, 149
Reagan, Ronald, 9, 142, 240
reception, digital advertising and, 97
Red Army, 25–26, 93
responsibility. See de-responsibilization, with legality of Counterrevolution
restrictions, on domestic surveillance, 146
revolutionary warfare (“la guerre révolutionnaire”), 24–27, 29, 47, 195
See also counterrevolutionary warfare
Rice, Susan E., 65
Rice, Tamir, 171
Richelieu (Cardinal), 120, 196, 250
Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America’s Police Forces (Balko), 132
robot bombs, 202, 247
Hitler and, 85
police and, 11, 129–130, 131, 135, 243
Rockefeller, Nelson, 120, 137
“rogue prosecutor,” torture memos with, 67
Rome, ancient, 27, 69, 106, 107, 119, 182
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 9, 176
Rumsfeld, Donald, 69, 108, 219
Rwanda, 117
SA. See Systems Analysis
Sabel, Charles, 138, 139, 140–141
Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies, 81
Sanders, Bernie, 184
SARA (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) approach, 140
Sarsour, Linda, 253
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 32, 43, 116, 117, 118
Savage, Charlie, 231, 259
Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment approach. See SARA approach
Scheppele, Kim Lane, 220
Schlesinger, James R., 239
Schmitt, Carl, 216–217, 218, 220
Schultze, Charles, 239
scientia est potentia (“knowledge is power”), 58
Scott, Dave, 140
Scott, Walter, 171
searches and seizures, 223
Section 215. See USA PATRIOT Act
Séguier (Chancelier), 120, 196
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 1–2
Senior Corps, 209
“September 11 detainees,” 162
Services Spéciaux. Algérie 1955–1957 (Aussaresses), 39
Seth, Jodi, 95–96
sexualized, torture, 117
Shlain, Bruce, 241
shootings, police, 5, 7 (photo), 132, 133 (photo), 142, 148, 170–174
Siddiqui (FBI informant), 165
Las Siete Partidas (Alfonso X of Castile), 106–107
signal intelligence programs, 4, 11, 58, 153, 159
Silicon Valley, 95–96, 157, 191
Simon, William, 138, 139, 140–141
Sitaraman, Ganesh, 226, 231
Skype, working with NSA, 4, 59, 154
Slahi, Mohamedou, 73–75, 77, 103
slaves, 118, 205, 252
laws, 228
torture of, 69–70, 99, 104–106, 108–112
Smith, Elissa, 127
Snapchat, working with NSA, 191
Snowden, Edward, 58, 59, 158, 253
social difference, with terror, 105–107
social media, 60
with digital life as distraction and, 182–187, 190–191
digital life with docility and, 191–194
NSA working with, 4, 59, 153–154, 160, 186, 191, 200–201
Solove, Daniel, 268
Somalia, 3, 11, 78, 81, 82
Sophocles (playwright), 105
Soviet Union, 21, 25–26, 93
Spanish Inquisition, 69–70, 106–108, 120–122
Special Forces, US, 3, 45
spectacle, politics as, 184, 189–190, 210–212
Sprint, 145
State of Alabama v. Clarissa, a slave, 109–110
state of emergency, 213–215, 220–221, 223
state of exception, permanent
with Counterrevolution, legality of, 213–221
Durkin on, 219–220
Schmitt and, 216–217
“State of Exception: Bush’s War on the Rule of Law” (Horton, S.), 221
Stellar Wind, 59–60
Stengel, Richard, 205, 207
stigmata, 99
Stora, Benjamin, 40, 41
Students for Democratic Society, 203
Sullivan, Andrew, 183–184, 186
Sun Tzu (544–496 BCE), 139
surveillance
of children, 167–170, 169 (photo)
NSA and total, 57–60, 87, 153, 186, 191, 200
US FISC, 3–4, 146, 163, 202
USA PATRIOT ACT, Section 215, 3–4, 6, 11, 58, 60, 145, 218
See also minorities, surveillance of active
surveillance, domestic
of American Muslims by NYPD, 4–5, 6, 147–151, 150 (photo)
AT&T and, 157–159
communications, 12, 153
laws, 146, 158–159
of men, Muslim or Middle Eastern, 151–152
metadata, 145, 159–160
NSA and, 145–147, 152–159
SWAT teams, 132, 134–135, 172, 243
Syria, 81, 117, 127, 162, 174–175
Systems Analysis (SA), 233–239, 242
See also Counterrevolution, SA approach to
systems theorizing, 20
systems thinking, 242
Tacitus, 23
Tal Afar, Iraq, 92, 95
Taliban, 66, 94–95, 164–166, 216
Task Force 2010, 95
Teitgen, Paul, 253
terror
gender and, 114–120
legal system and torture with, 106–108
of slavery and legal system, 108–112
social difference and hierarchy with, 105–107
as strategy, 101–102
truth of, 103–106
winning and, 112–114
terrorism
efficacy of, 47–48, 102–103, 188
slaves and, 108–112
as strategy, 38, 114, 214, 215
winning hearts and minds of population with, 98–100
Texas, 11, 138, 167, 171
Thailand, 61
A Theory of the Drone (Chamayou), 79
Thompson, Heather Ann, 120, 137
Thompson, Robert, 23, 32
TIA program. See Total Information Awareness program
Timoney, John, 140
tolerance, for killing, 85–86
torture
CIA and, 61, 62, 63–66, 72, 74, 76, 222, 228, 246
civil society and, 99–100
deaths, 62, 63–64
defined, 68
enhanced interrogation as, 54, 61, 65–66, 83–84, 210, 220, 226, 242–243
in film, 77
FLN and, 42, 63, 98
for information, 60–61, 106