John Quincy Adams
Page 33
2 W. P. Cresson, James Monroe (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946), 201.
3 Ibid., 202, citing Henry Adams, History of the United States of America During the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, 1801–1817, 9 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1889–1891), 2:351.
4 Ibid., citing Helen Nicolay, Our Capital on the Potomac (New York: Century Company, 1924), 70.
5 October 21, 1803, in Diaries, MHS.
6 October 31, 1803, in Memoirs, 1:269.
7 John Dickinson to the Committee of the Whole, June 7, 1787, in James Madison, Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), 82 (first published in volumes 2 and 3 of The Papers of James Madison [Washington: Langtree O’Sullivan, 1840]).
8 Alexander DeConde, The Affair of Louisiana (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1976), 178, citing Fabricus, in Boston’s Columbian Centinel, July 13, 1803.
9 Ibid., 184, citing Livingston to Madison, June 25, 1803; American State Papers: Foreign Relations (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1897–1933), 2:566.
10 JQA to AA, June 30, 1811, reel 411, AP MHS.
11 Stephen Higginson in Letters of Stephen Higginson, in Annual Report of the American Historical Association, ed. J. F. Jamieson (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1896), 1:839–840; Worcester, Massachusetts, Aegis, December 4, 1803.
12 Philadelphia Aurora, December 1, 1803.
13 December 3, 1803, in Diaries, MHS.
14 JQA to Ezekiel Bacon, November 17, 1808, in Writings, 3:250.
15 JA to Thomas Jefferson, May 3, 1812, in Cappon, The Adams-Jefferson Letters, 302–304.
16 January 27, 1804, in Diaries, MHS.
17 January 10, 1804, in ibid.
18 December 31, 1803, in ibid.
19 Annals of Congress, 9th Cong., 2d Sess., 1806–1807, 77.
20 November 1, 1803, in Memoirs, 1:270.
21 John F. Kennedy, Profiles in Courage (New York: HarperCollins, 1955), 41.
22 AA to JQA, December 18, 1804, reel 403, AP MHS.
23 March 24, 1806, reel 404, AP MHS.
24 December 3, 1803, reel 402, AP MHS.
25 LCA to JQA, April 17, 1804, reel 403, AP MHS.
26 The Complete Poems of John Donne (Digireads.com Publishing, 2002), 73.
27 Richard B. Morris, Encyclopedia of American History (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953), 133.
28 American Citizen, January 6, 1804.
29 November 5, 1804, in Diaries, MHS.
30 November 16, 1804, in ibid.
31 Malone, Jefferson the President: First Term, 466.
32 March 1, 1805, in Diaries, MHS.
33 March 3, 1805, in ibid.
34 March 4, 1805, in ibid.
35 JQA to LCA, July [?], 1806, reel 404, AP MHS.
36 JQA to LCA, December 8, 1806, reel 404, AP MHS.
37 Memoirs, 1:454.
38 JQA to LCA, February 14, 1807, reel 237, AP MHS.
39 LCA to JQA, February 17, 1807, reel 405, AP MHS.
40 Kennedy, Profiles, 44.
41 Ibid.
42 February 1, 1808, in Memoirs, 1:510.
43 Sullivan to Jefferson, June 3, 1808, in Dumas Malone, Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805–1809 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 594, citing Library of Congress, Jefferson Papers, 31525.
44 Autobiographical sketch to Skelton Jones, April 17, 1809, in Koch and Peden, Selected Writings, 261–267.
45 JA to JQA, January 8, 1808, in Writings, 3:189n.
CHAPTER 8
1 Adams, Works, 6:280.
2 July 5, 1809, in Memoirs, 1:549.
3 JQA to Charles W. Upham, February 2, 1837, cited in Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations, 152n63.
4 John Quincy Adams, Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory Delivered to the Senior and Junior Sophisters in Harvard University, 2 vols. (Boston: Hillard and Metcalf, 1810).
5 Ibid.
6 JQA to Thomas Boylston Adams, August 7, 1809, reel 408, AP MHS.
7 AA to granddaughter Caroline Amelia Smith, August 5, 1809, in ibid.
8 August 5, 1809, in Memoirs, 2:3.
9 JQA “To My Children,” September 18, 1809, reel 408, AP MHS.
10 Ibid.
11 JQA to the secretary of state, October 4, 1809, in Writings, 4:3.
12 Ibid.
13 Stuart Gerry Brown, ed., The Autobiography of James Monroe (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1959), 209.
14 Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations, 161.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid., JQA to the secretary of state, November 6, 1809.
17 Louisa Adams, “Adventures,” reel 269, AP MHS, 144–145.
18 JQA to AA, March 22, 1811, reel 411, AP MHS.
19 Louisa Adams, “Adventures,” reel 269, AP MHS, 147.
20 Memoirs, 2:193.
21 Ibid.
22 Nagel, John Quincy Adams, 198.
CHAPTER 9
1 JQA to Thomas Boylston Adams, April 10, 1811, reel 411, AP MHS.
2 Louisa Adams, “Adventures,” reel 269, AP MHS.
3 Ibid.
4 JQA to Thomas Boylston Adams, April 28, 1812, in Letters from John Quincy Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, Special Collections, MHS.
5 JQA to George Washington Adams, September 8, 1811, reel 411, AP MHS.
6 JQA to Thomas Boylston Adams, April 28, 1812, in Letters from John Quincy Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, Special Collections, MHS.
7 September 15, 1812, in Diaries, AP MHS.
8 September 17, 1812, in ibid.
9 JQA to Robert Fulton, November 27, 1812, reel 414, MHS.
10 JQA to AA, December 31, 1812, in ibid.
11 JQA to Thomas Boylston Adams, November 24, 1812, in ibid.
12 Dispatch from Oliver Hazard Perry aboard U.S. Brig Niagara to General William Henry Harrison, September 10, 1813, in Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations, 398:1.
13 JQA to LCA, July 22, 1814, reel 418, and August 19, 1814, reel 419, AP MHS.
14 JQA to the British commissioner, September 9, 1814, reel 419, AP MHS.
15 JQA to LCA, September 27, 1814, in ibid.
16 JQA to LCA, November 25, 1814, in ibid.
17 JQA to AA, December 24, 1814, in ibid.
18 Memoirs, 3:126.
19 JQA to LCA, December 30, 1814, reel 420, AP MHS.
20 Robert V. Remini, The Life of Andrew Jackson (New York: Penguin Books, 1988), 1.
21 Ibid., 2.
22 JQA to LCA, December 16, 1814, reel 420, AP MHS.
CHAPTER 10
1 JQA to LCA, December 27, 1814, in ibid.
2 LCA, Narrative of a Journey from Russia to France 1815, 20–21, AP MHS.
3 Ibid., 6–7.
4 Ibid., 13.
5 Ibid., 31–32.
6 May 25, 1815, in Diaries, AP MHS.
7 Memoirs, 3:241.
8 Talleyrand to JA, September 28, 1798, in Adams, Works, 8:690–691.
9 Memoirs, 3:242–243.
10 JQA to JA, February 24, 1816, reel 429, AP MHS.
11 Memoirs, 3:286–288.
12 Ibid., 257.
13 JQA to JA, May 29, 1816, in Writings, 6:38.
14 Memoirs, 3:333.
15 Ibid.
16 JQA to AA, April 23, 1817, reel 430, AP MHS.
17 JA to JQA, August 27, 1815, reel 426, AP MHS.
18 October 16, 1816, in Diaries, MHS.
19 John Quincy Adams, “The Wants of Man,” in Poems of Religion and Society, with Notices of His Life and Character by John Davis and T. H. Benton (New York: William H. Graham, 1848), 15.
20 March 13, 1817, reel 436, in Diaries, MHS.
21 JA to JQA, March [?], 1817, in ibid.
22 AA to JQA, March 12, 1817, in ibid.
23 Thomas McKean to John Adams, November 20, 1815, in Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations, 243.
24 JQA to AA, April 23, 1817, reel 436, AP MHS.
25 JA to JQA, August 10, 1817, in ibid.
26 AA to JQA, August 10, 1817, in ibid.
27 AA to Harriet Welsh, August 18, 1817, reel 438, AP MHS; see also Charles Francis Adams, Charles Francis Adams (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1900), 10.
28 Levin, Abigail Adams, 482.
29 Memoirs, 4:62–63.
30 Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations, 261, citing E. F. Ellet, Court Circles of the Republic from Washington to Grant (Hartford, CT: Hartford Publishing, 1869), 123.
31 JM to JQA, June 30, 1829, reel 491, AP MHS.
32 Memoirs, 4:8.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid., 45–46.
35 Ibid., 64.
CHAPTER 11
1 Ibid., 1:170; Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations, 174.
2 Memoirs, 2:252.
3 JM to Andrew Jackson, December 28, 1817, in ibid., 118–119.
4 Remini, Andrew Jackson, 120.
5 Andrew Jackson to JM, June 18, 1818, in Remini, Andrew Jackson, 123–124.
6 Ibid.
7 Memoirs, 4:42.
8 Ibid., 157–158.
9 JQA to JA, November 2, 1818, reel 445, AP MHS.
10 Stanislaus Murray Hamilton, ed., The Writings of James Monroe: Including a Collection of His Public and Private Papers and Correspondence Now for the First Time Printed, 7 vols. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Branch, U.S. Department of State, 1898–1903; reprint edition, New York, AMS Press, 1969), 54–61.
11 Koch and Peden, Selected Writings, 300.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid., 300–301.
15 Remini, Andrew Jackson, 127.
16 February 22, 1821, in Diaries, MHS.
17 Ibid.
18 Lord Castlereagh to Sir Charles Bagot, January 2, 1819, Public Records Office, British Foreign Office, London, 115/34, cited in Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations, 328n.
19 Memoirs, 4:502, 529.
20 March 3, 1820, in Diaries, MHS.
21 JM to Dr. Charles Everett, March 23, 1812, in Hamilton, Writings of James Monroe, 5:201–202.
22 Samuel Flagg Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), 369–370.
23 Memoirs, 4:530.
24 Ibid., 531.
25 February 14, 1821, in Diaries, MHS.
26 January 8, 1821, in ibid.
27 James Monroe Message to Congress on South American Affairs, March 8, 1822, in Hamilton, Writings of James Monroe, 6:207–211.
28 March 9, 1821, in Diaries, MHS.
29 Memoirs, 6:190.
30 Ibid., 163.
31 JM to JQA in Noble E. Cunningham Jr., The Presidency of James Monroe (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996), 156.
32 Harry Ammon, James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity (Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press, 1971), 481–482, citing Adams memo in Monroe Papers, New York Public Library; also see Memoirs, 6:185, and Bradford Perkins, Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964).
33 Seventh Annual Message, December 2, 1823, in Hamilton, Writings of James Monroe, 6:325–342.
34 December 4, 1823, in Diaries, MHS.
35 Massachusetts Centinel, July 19, 1817.
36 Samuel L. Gouverneur to Secretary of the Navy Samuel L. Southard, September 3, 1831, in Ammon, James Monroe, 543–544, citing Southard Papers, Princeton, New Jersey.
37 JM to James Madison, May 10, 1822, in ibid., 284–291.
38 Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1918), 32.
39 Joseph Hopkinson to LCA, January 1, 1823, reel 458, AP MHS.
40 LCA to JQA, June 28, 1822, AP MHS.
41 JQA to Joseph Hopkinson, January 23, 1823, reel 458, AP MHS.
42 December 12, 1822, reel 456, LCA diary, AP MHS.
43 February 21, 1823, reel 458, in ibid.
44 Ibid.
45 September 30, 1821, in Diaries, MHS.
46 Memoirs, January 1823, AP MHS.
CHAPTER 12
1 Daniel Coit Gilman, James Monroe (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1898), 221.
2 Memoirs, 8:546.
3 Wharton, Social Life, 212–217.
4 Ibid., 213–216, citing as author “Mr. Agg.”
5 Memoirs, 6:415.
6 January 9, 1825, in Diaries, MHS.
7 Cokie Roberts, Ladies of Liberty: The Women Who Shaped Our Nation (New York: William Morrow, 2008), citing Sara Gales Seaton, February 24, 1825, 393.
8 JQA to JA, February 9, 1825, reel 467, AP MHS.
9 JA to JQA, February 18, 1825, in ibid.
10 Remini, Andrew Jackson, 153.
11 Andrew Jackson to John Overton, February 14, 1825, in ibid., 155.
12 Ibid., 153.
13 March, 4, 1825, in Diaries, MHS.
14 Inaugural address, March 4, 1825, in Koch and Peden, Selected Writings, 353–360.
15 Paul C. Nagel, The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 216.
16 Harlow Giles Unger, Lafayette (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2002), 32.
17 June 13, 1825, in Diaries, MHS.
18 Ibid.
19 JQA First Annual Address, December 6, 1825, in Koch and Peden, Selected Writings, 360–367.
20 Ibid.
21 Nathaniel Macon to B. Yancey, December 8, 1825, in Edwin M. Wilson, The Congressional Career of Nathaniel Macon (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1900), 76.
22 Remini, Andrew Jackson, 160, citing Edward P. Gaines to Andrew Jackson, 1826, Jackson Papers, Library of Congress.
23 Ibid., citing Andrew Jackson to John Branch, March 3, 1828, Branch Family Papers, Southern Historical Collection, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
24 LCA, autobiographical sketch, “Record of a Life, or My Story,” begun July 23, 1825, reel 265, AP MHS.
25 Nagel, Adams Women, 215.
26 Wharton, Social Life, 210.
27 July 15, 1820, in Diaries, MHS.
28 July 13 and 14, 1826, in ibid.
29 May 13, 1827, in ibid.
30 Wharton, Social Life, 225.
31 Ibid., 233.
32 May 31, 1828, in Diaries, MHS.
33 July 4, 1828, in ibid.
34 Ibid.
35 Wharton, Social Life, 232–233.
36 February 28, 1829, in Diaries, MHS.
CHAPTER 13
1 June 11, 1829, in ibid.
2 September 24, 1829, in ibid.
3 Wharton, Social Life, 242–245.
4 November 7, 1830, in Diaries, MHS.
5 Morris, Encyclopedia, 130.
6 John Quincy Adams, “Life of James Monroe,” a eulogy delivered in Boston, July 4, 1831, in Koch and Peden, Selected Writings, 373–379.
7 John Quincy Adams, The Lives of James Madison and James Monroe, Fourth and Fifth Presidents of the United States (Rochester, NY: Erastus Darrow; Buffalo: G. H. Derby, 1850), 288–289.
8 December 12, 1831, in Diaries, MHS.
9 Ibid.
10 February 2, 1832, in Diaries, MHS.
11 February 20, 1832, in ibid.
12 Andrew Jackson to Joel Poinsett, November 29, 1832, in Remini, The Life of Andrew Jackson, 235.
13 J. D. Richardson, Compilation of Messages and Papers of the President, 20 vols. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1908), 2:1203–1217.
14 June 18, 1833, in Diaries, MHS.
15 Memoirs, 9:18.
16 Register of Debates, 22, Pt. 2, 1583, February 2, 1833.
17 Ibid., 1609–1615, February 4, 1833.
18 Ibid., 1639–1651, February 7, 1833.
19 William J. Rhees, ed., Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections: Documents Relating to the Origins and History of the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1880), 1–2.
20 Report of Mr. John Q. Adams from the Select Committee of the House of Representatives on the Smithsonian Bequest, in the House of Rep
resentatives, December 21, 1835, and published in the National Intelligencer, February 17, 1836.
21 November 29, 1820, in Diaries, MHS.
22 Register of Debates, 12, Pt. 3, 3758–3778, May 18–19, 1836.
23 Memoirs, 10:199–200.
24 Ibid., 9:222.
25 March 18, 1835, in Diaries, MHS.
26 Bemis, Union, 369–370.
27 Ibid., 341.
28 Register of Debates, 13, Pt. 1, 1314–1339, January 8, 1837.
29 Ibid., Pt. 2, 1586–1735.
30 “Dirk Hatteraik” to JQA, February 10, 1837, AP MHS.
31 “Justice” to JQA, April 28, 1837, AP MHS.
32 Jack Shepherd, The Adams Chronicles: Four Generations of Greatness (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975), 332.
33 Register of Debates, 12, Pt. 4, 4046–4047.
34 National Intelligencer, December 16, 1837.
35 December 21, 1837, in Diaries, MHS.
36 Statistics obtained from Bemis, Union, 340.
37 December 14, 1838, in Diaries, MHS.
CHAPTER 14
1 JQA to Reverend Charles W. Upham, February 2, 1837, AP MHS.
2 William Russell (1741–1793) was best known as a historian, having written The History of America, from the First Discovery by Columbus to the Conclusion of the Late War (1779) and the five-volume History of Modern Europe (1786). He wrote “Ode to Fortitude” in 1769.
3 “Ode to Fortitude,” Lloyd’s Evening Post, March 17, 1769.
4 Henry Adams, Education of Henry Adams, 15–16.
5 “A Virginian” to JQA, December 31, 1839, AP MHS.
6 November 11, 1840, in Diaries, MHS.
7 “Ka-le” to JQA, January 4, 1841, AP MHS.
8 Bemis, Union, 407–408.
9 February 24, 1841, in Diaries, MHS.
10 “Argument of John Quincy Adams Before the Supreme Court of the United States . . . ,” History Central, http://www.historycentral.com/amistad/amistad.html (originally published by S. W. Benedict, 1841).
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 Memoirs, 10:436–437.
14 Ibid.
15 Bemis, Union, 410.
16 Roger S. Baldwin to JQA, March 12, 1841, AP MHS.
17 JQA to Charles Francis Adams, April 14, 1841, in ibid.
18 Anonymous (from Dumfries, Virginia) to JQA, June 15, 1841, in ibid.
19 March 23, 1841, in Memoirs, 10: 450–451.
20 By 1845, Plumbe had opened a chain of twenty-five studios, and working out of his Washington studio in that same year, he became the first photographer to make a portrait of a sitting President, James K. Polk. His other subjects included Dolley Madison, Daniel Webster, Martin Van Buren, and John James Audubon. Although photographers took portrait shots of Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and James K. Polk, all had photo-portraits; John Quincy Adams, although out of office, was the earliest American President ever to be photographed.