M
Page 30
18 Letter from HM Consul 3 March 1884, ibid.
19 R.C. Clipperton, HM Consul, to Sackville West at the Legation in Washington, dated Philadelphia 4 March 1884. TNA FO 5/1928.
20 Edward Jenkinson to Earl Spencer 12 April 1884. Spencer Papers, BL.
21 Memo of 6 March 1884 from Jenkinson TNA HO 144/721.
22 Memo from Jenkinson, ibid.
23 Littlechild’s account of the incident is on p.185 of Stewart P. Evans and Paul Gainey, The Lodger, Century 1995.
24 Edward Jenkinson to Sir William Vernon Harcourt, 2 June 1884. Bodleian, Harcourt Collection.
25 Edward Jenkinson to Earl Spencer 15 December 1884. Spencer Papers, BL.
26 Edward Jenkinson to Earl Spencer 15 December 1884. Spencer Papers, BL.
27 5 May 1894 report from the police in Cherbourg, to M. le Sous-Préfet in response to a query about the presence of British police there.
Chapter 3: Plot and Counterplot
1 Sir A. Liddell to his counterpart at FO, Whitehall 4 March 1884. TNA FO 5/1928.
2 Christy Campbell, Fenian Fire, Harper Collins 2002. See also TNA MEPO 3/3070 ‘Police at Ports’ which shows that Moser was assisted by Sergeant (later Superintendent) Frank Forest.
3 Consul General Bernal to FO, Le Havre 17 Dec 1884.
4 Lord Sackville West to Sir Julian Pauncefote, 8 April 1885, TNA FO5/1931.
5 In a memo dated 9 March 1886 Jenkinson acknowledged that there were, from the RIC, ‘nine men and an officer’ in London when Cross came into office in the summer of 1885. TNA HO144/721.
6 In theory, there were to be forty-five Scotland Yard men around the ports and twenty-nine RIC men. Those CID men who reported to Williamson were listed with a W after their names and those who reported direct to Gosselin had a G. Melville reported to Williamson, who in turn was supposed to report to Gosselin anyway, TNA HO 144/133/A34848B, Jenkinson memorandum of 11 March 1884; also TNA MEPO 3/3070, Police at Ports.
7 21 May 1885, Edward Jenkinson to Earl Spencer. Spencer Papers, BL.
8 Christy Campbell, Fenian Fire, Harper Collins 2002 pp.157 and 167 concerning Burkham.
9 Minute of interview of 17 June 1885, TNA HO 144.721.
10 Memorandum, E. Jenkinson 22 June 1885, TNA HO 144.721.
11 Letter from Sir William Vernon Harcourt to James Monro, 22 June 1885, TNA HO 144.721.
12 Note from J. Monro 4 July 1885, TNA HO 144.721.
13 Campbell, ibid., see refs to Carroll-Tevis and Casey.
14 Campbell, ibid., p.177 concerning General Millen.
15 Memo from Edward Jenkinson, 26 September 1885, p.16, TNA 30/6/62.
16 BL MSS Add Gladstone Papers 44493 p.177.
17 Note on Relations between Mr Jenkinson and Metropolitan Police in connection with Fenian conspiracies, &c. Monro 28 May 1886, TNA HO 144/721.
18 Memo, Lushington to Childers, 14 March 1886, TNA HO 144/721.
19 Monro 28 May 1886, ibid.
20 Monro 28 May 1886, ibid.
21 Monro to Sir Charles Warren, Commissioner of Police, 24 September 1886, TNA HO 144/721.
22 Francis Elliot to FO, 10 July 1886, TNA FO 146/2844.
23 HM Consul Le Havre to FO, 26 July 1886, TNA FO 5/1975.
24 Campbell, ibid. see refs. to Maharajah Duleep Singh, Tevis.
25 HM Consul Le Havre to FO, 2 October 1886, TNA FO 5/1975.
26 Cypher communication from Sir R. Monier St Petersburg 4 August 1886.
27 Campbell, ibid., p.201.
28 Matthews to Jenkinson, 11 December 1886, TNA HO 144/157.
Chapter 4: A Very Dangerous Game
1 FO to Captain Surplice, HM Consul at Boulogne, 14 June 1887.
2 Monro report to Matthews marked ‘Secret’ 4 November 1887, TNA HO 144/1537.
3 Monro report, ibid.
4 Monro report, ibid.
5 Campbell, ibid., p.251.
6 Memo from Monro headed ‘secret’, 4 November 1887, TNA HO144/1537.
7 This arises from Monro’s remark (see final Monro quotation below) that Melville had at this time been ‘formerly stationed’ at Le Havre and that the Home Office as Monro said ‘have an agent in Paris’ who was Melville. It was Melville who called at the embassy.
8 See for instance Philip Magnus, King Edward VII, John Murray 1964. There were occasional assassination threats and a Tory Government, at least, was particularly conscious of threats to political stability from royal blackmail, financial scandal, and all the other traps lying in wait for a prince out for a good time. The Ambassador in Paris was reasonably well informed about what was going on in HRH’s life.
9 Campbell, ibid.
10 James Monro, April 1903.
11 Campbell, ibid.
12 James Monro, ibid.
13 James Monro, ibid. This account he could only have received from Melville.
14 George Dilnot, The Story of Scotland Yard, Geoffrey Bles 1930.
15 Christy Campbell, Fenian Fire, Harper Collins 2002, p.294.
16 The Pall Mall Gazette, ‘The Criminals and Police of London: A Report of an Unofficial Commission’, Tuesday 9 October 1888.
17 The Pall Mall Gazette, ibid.
18 The Pall Mall Gazette, ibid.
19 Quoted by George Dilnot, ibid., from Sir Robert Anderson KCB, The Lighter Side of my Official Life, Hodder and Stoughton 1910.
20 The full story of Tumblety’s arrest and flight, together with a copy of the Littlechild letter, is to be found in Stewart P. Evans and Paul Gainey, The Lodger, Century 1995.
21 Evans and Gainey, ibid., p.184.
22 Angust McLaren, A prescription for murder: the Victorian serial killings of Dr Thomas Neill Cream, University of Chicago Press 1993.
23 Evans and Gainey, ibid., p.xi.
24 Evans and Gainey, ibid., favour 22 Batty Street, off Commercial Road, as the site of his lodging.
25 Pearson to Home Under-Secretary, 20 November 1888, TNA HO 144/208/A49500M, sub. 3 (quoted by Bernard Porter).
26 Melville’s eldest son, William, gave a number of talks on Radio Station 2YA, New Zealand, commencing 24 August 1937. Melville’s involvement in the Ripper episode was one of his anecdotes.
27 Quoted in Evans and Gainey, ibid., p.xii.
28 See report from Montreal in the St Louis Republican of 22 December 1888, quoted by Evans and Gainey, ibid. p. 227.
29 Quoted in Evans and Gainey, ibid., p.225.
30 Evans and Gainey, ibid., p.228 et seq.
31 Evans and Gainey, ibid.
Chapter 5: War on Terror
1 Michael Davitt, Notes of an Amateur Detective, Trinity College Dublin Library, TCD MS 9551.
2 Barry Hollingsworth, The Society of Friends of Russian Freedom: English Liberals and Russian Socialists, 1890-1917, Oxford Slavonic Papers n.s. vol 3 (1970).
3 Correspondence between Foreign Office, Home Office and Anderson, 14 January to 4 February 1890. HO 45/9816/B7734, subs 1-2 (cited by Porter).
4 Hollingsworth, ibid.
5 S. Stepniak, The Dynamite Scares and Anarchy in New Review vol. 6 (1892) p.533.
6 John Sweeney, At Scotland Yard, 1904.
7 Gosselin to Anderson, 12 January 1890, the story re-told that day in Anderson’s letter to Balfour (Secretary of State for Ireland), PRO 30/60/13/2.
8 Bernard Porter, The Origins of the Vigilant State, Weidenfeld and Nicholson 1987.
9 Bernard Porter, ibid.
10 Bernard Porter, ibid., pp.105-106.
11 TNA FO 45/677.
12 Her maiden name was Allen.
13 Entry 88, Register of Marriages in the Registration District of the Isle of Wight, 8 August 1891.
14 Hsi-Huey Liang, The Rise of Modern Police and the European State System from Metternich to the Second World War, Cambridge 1992, and in particular E. Thomas Wood, Wars on Terror: French and British Responses to the Anarchist Violence of the 1890s, MPhil dissertation, 2002, Pembroke College, Cambridge.
15 The Walsall Anarchists: Précis of the Case for the Convicts in Mitigati
on of Sentence, Walsall Archives A53582/28. Melville said in court in April 1892 that he had known Coulon for two years.
16 Mathieu Deflem, Bureaucratization and Social Control: Historical Foundations of International Police Co-operation, Law and Society Review 34(3): pp.601-40, 2000.
17 ‘It doesn’t matter. You are such and such?’ – ‘Yes.’ – ‘Where do you live?’, J.A. Cole, Prince of Spies; Henri Le Caron, Faber and Faber 1984.
18 Joseph Conrad, The Secret Agent, (Methuen 1907) Folio Society 1999.
19 PhD dissertation by Lindsay Clutterbuck, ‘The Methodology of Police Operations’, pp.173 et seq.
20 The Birmingham News, Saturday 13 February 1892.
21 TNA HO 144/243/A53582C, Letter of 16 May 1892.
22 The Walsall Anarchists, ibid. The spelling of Battola here is incorrect – records show the correct spelling to be Battolla, as used in the main text.
23 TNA FO YS/10259, Memo no. X36450/1, 18 March 1892.
24 From an account (p45) in a supplement to Freedom of June 1892.
25 Zéro no.6, London 23 November 1893. Archives de la Préfecture de Police, Paris (APP).See note 22 above about spelling of Battola.
26 Patrick McIntyre in Reynolds’ Newspaper, 14 April 1895.
27 Clutterbuck, ibid.
28 A homosexual brothel having been raided, titled patrons were named; one fled abroad and another sued the editor of a newspaper. The brothel-keeper was allowed to flee.
29 APP 21000-2-A, Zéro no.2 from London 11 February 1892.
30 APP 21000-2-A, Black from London 26 July 1892.
31 APP 2100-2-A, Black from London 6 April 1892.
32 APP 21000-2-A, Zéro no.2 from London 22 August 1892.
33 APP 21000-2-A, Zéro no.2 from London 3 September 1892.
34 APP 21000-2-A, Zero no.2 from London, 4 October 1892.
35 APP 21000-2-A, Zéro no.2 from London 16 November 1892.
36 Archive of the Imperial Russian Secret Police (Okhrana), Box #35 Index #Vc Folder 1 ‘Relations with Scotland Yard’, Hoover Institution, Stanford, California
37 L’Autorité, 12 April 1892.
38 Williamson died at the end of 1889.
39 Typed report, unattributed, dated 3 May 1892, APP.
40 Confidential letter from Anderson at New Scotland Yard to the Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office, 24 May 1892, TNA HO B2840c.
41 Clutterbuck, ibid.: Williamson as quoted in Frederick Bussey, Irish Conspiracies, Everitt and Co (London) 1910.
Chapter 6: A Man to be Trusted
1 Article in Paris, 13 December 1892.
2 Note to M. l’Officier de Paix de la 1 ére brigade dated 21 December 1892, from the Cabinet of the Préfecture’s premier bureau. Lists official instructions about London clubs to be watched. APP 21000 2 A.
3 Report of agent R, 31 December 1892. APP 21000 2 A.
4 Patrick McIntyre, Scotland Yard: its Mysteries and Methods, in Reynolds’ Newspaper 10 February 1895.
5 Angus McLaren, A Prescription for Murder: the Victorian Serial Killings of Dr Thomas Neill Cream, University of Chicago Press 1993.
6 Christy Campbell, Fenian Fire, Harper Collins 2002.
7 Campbell, ibid.
8 APP 21000 2 A, from Inspector Moser to M. Goron, London 26 April 1893.
9 From McLaren, ibid. p.112: ‘At the end of the report on Haynes’s interview the question was put forward whether Haynes could be relied on. An unidentified officer at Scotland Yard wrote in the margin “no”.’ Cites Scotland Yard 19 May 1892, TNA MEPO 3 144; and also J.B. Tunbridge report, 28 May 1892, TNA MEPO 3 144.
10 Excerpts from various reports, APP 21000 2 A, 1893 first half of year.
11 Memo from Melville at the CID, New Scotland Yard, 24 May 1893, TNA HO 45/9739/A54881.
12 TNA HO 45/9739/A54881.
13 Report from Y3 in Paris, 30 September 1893; APP.
14 Excerpts from various reports, APP 21000 2 A, October and November 1893.
15 The story of congratulations is from a cutting, enclosed with an agent’s report, from Le 19e siècle.
16 Extract from an unnamed French paper, report from London 3 December, APP.
17 Article translated back into English from an undated French paper. The Daily Graphic account would have appeared on Saturday 17 or Monday 19 February 1894, APP.
18 Later in the year, when an Italian anarchist assassinated President Carnot in Lyons, Fédée pointed out that he had passed on a warning to the Lyons police but it was evidently disregarded. See l’Echo de Paris, 20 June 1894.
19 George Dilnot, Great Detectives and their Methods Houghton Mifflin Co, NY 1928.
20 The Standard, 23 April 1894. Cutting in HO 144/259/ASS860.
21 ‘Anarchist leader at Bow Street’ from the Standard of 24 April and the Daily Chronicle of 25April 1894. Cuttings in TNA HO 144/259/ASS86022TNA B280c/42a.
Chapter 7: The Lodging House
1 The weekly Illustrated London News was first. The Daily Mail was using half-tone photographs by the end of the century.
2 Police Review and Parade Gossip, May 17 1895, citing the Daily Chronicle.
3 For instance, a letter from the Austro-Hungarian Embassy to Earl Kimberley, and Sweeney’s reply, respecting a couple of Bohemian anarchists. Melville adds in a postscript that the only Bohemian anarchist paper is printed in America. January 1885. TNA HO/144/SP7 B2840C/54.
4 Police Review and Parade Gossip, 2 October and 9 October 1896.
5 Charles Kingston, A Gallery of Rogues, London 1924. Ch. XVIII, quoted in Kimball, The Harassment of Russian Revolutionaries Abroad: the London Trial of Vladimir Burtsev in 1898.
6 Barry Hollingsworth, The Society of Friends of Russian Freedom: English Liberals and Russian Socialists, 1890-1917. A paper read at the Anglo-Soviet Conference of Historians in London, September 1969.
7 Sigmund Rosenblum changed his name to Sidney Reilly in June 1899 and he joined the Secret Intelligence Service in 1918 under that name. Dubbed ‘Britain’s Master Spy’ and the ‘Ace of Spies’, his exploits were serialised in the 1930s by the London Evening Standard and syndicated in the foreign press. Shortly after the publication of the first James Bond novel Casino Royale in April 1953, Ian Fleming told a contemporary at The Sunday Times, where he worked as Foreign Manager, that he had created James Bond as the result of reading about the exploits of Sidney Reilly in the archives of the British Secret Services during the Second World War. For a full account of Reilly, his life and associations, refer to Andrew Cook, Ace of Spies – The True Story of Sidney Reilly, Tempus Publishing (second edition) 2004.
8 Report by V. Rataev (Okhrana, Paris) to Department of Police, St Petersburg, 24 February 1903, Fond 102, Inventory 316, 1898, Article 1, Section 16, Paragraph A, pp.84-85, State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), Moscow.
9 Bernard Porter, The Origins of the Vigilant State, The Boydell Press 1991, Chapter 9.
10 Okhrana Archive, Box #35, Index #Vc, Folder 3, ‘Relations with Scotland Yard’, Hoover Institution, Stanford, California.
11 Hollingsworth, ibid.
12 Confidential Memorandum on the Publication in Russian enclosed in M. Lessar’s Note Verbale of 6 September 1897, TNA FO 65/1544.
13 Parliamentary Debates IVth series, vol. 53 (Loodon 1898) cols. 879, 1209-10, cited in Kimball, ibid.
14 Unsigned letter to ‘Cher Monsieur Melville’, Okhrana Archive, Box #35 Index #Vc Folder 3 ‘Relations with Scotland Yard’, Hoover Institution, Stanford, California.
15 Cook, ibid.
16 Entry 17, Register of Births in the Registration District of Belmullet, County Mayo, 1 February 1878.
17 E. Thomas Wood, Wars on Terror: French and British responses to the anarchist violence of the 1890s, MPhil dissertation, 2002, Pembroke College, Cambridge.
18 Written as ‘Je n’ai pas besoin d’ajouter que tout individu soupconné d’avoir l’intention decommettre un des actes criminels précités en contravention de la loi anglaise est soumis à l’observation
policière’. TNA HO 45/10254/X36450.
19 TNA FO YS 102SY.
20 Foreign Office minute initialled K.E.D. (Digby), 2 January 1899, TNA FO YS 102SY.
21 Robin Bruce Lockhart, Ace of Spies, Hodder and Stoughton 1967.
22 Cook, ibid, p.49ff.
23 The papers and recollections of Beatrice Houdini were published in Houdini, His Life Story by Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York, 1928.
24 Porter, ibid., makes this point.
25 The hated regulation boots were abandoned in 1897 in favour of a boot allowance for uniformed men.
26 An account of the Legitimation League affair is in Porter, ibid.
27 All biographies of Havelock Ellis tell the story. See also The Times, 1 November 1898.
28 Porter, ibid.
29 John Sweeney, At Scotland Yard, London 1904.
30 APP 310000-18-A, Letter from Euréka, London 4 October 1899.
31 Assistant Commissioner Henry’s report to Home Office, 7 January 1902, TNA FO YS 102SY.
32 Harold Brust, I Guarded Kings, Hillman-Curl, Inc. New York, 1936, relates both the Prince of Wales’s brush with death (pp48-50) and the murder of King Humbert (p80).
33 Copy Sanderson’s Foreign Office response to H.E. Count Hartsfeldt, 9 August 1900. TNA HO 144/527/X7983/2.
34 Sanderson’s response, ibid.
35 The story is told in his autobiography, Steinhauer, published in English by The Bodley Head in 1930. It was ‘edited by’ Sidney Felstead.
36 He was fifty-one years old.
37 At the inquest, held on 25 April 1901 by Edward N. Wood, Deputy Coroner for London, the unidentified body was said to be that of a twenty-four-year-old woman found in the afternoon of 23 April, Inquest ref. # DAZ 067009.
38 The one-armed anarchist was I. Blumenfeld, executed in Warsaw in January 1906 (source Politicheskie partii Rossii: istoriia i sovremennost, glava X, Anarkhisty, Rosspen, Moskva, 2000).
39 Assistant Commissioner Henry’s reports to Home Office, ibid., 7 January 1902 and 28 April 1902. The April report is a response to a German query. All quotations here are from the January report.
40 Postponed from 1901, when he had appendicitis.
41 A detailed account of Rubini’s time in England, signed by Melville, was submitted on 3 December 1902, TNA HO 45/10482/X77377.
42 Memorandum (Immediate and Secret) from Sir Edward Bradford, 24 May 1902, TNA HO 144/545 /A55176.