by Bill Gertz
China and, 127–28, 142, 151–52, 163, 207
climate change and, 148, 207
Clinton email scandal and, 68–70, 75–76
counterterrorism and, 103–5, 108, 235
drone strikes and, 208–9, 211–12
Guantanamo and, 204, 211, 302, 305
The Interview and, 59, 61
Iran and, 84, 202, 231–44, 246, 251–52, 258–59, 262, 267, 270–71, 302, 309, 333, 348–49
IS and, 218–19, 221, 223–25, 280–83, 286
Islamic terrorism and, 200–215, 222, 235, 245, 283
Jarrett’s relationship with, 219, 221–22
leftist information warfare and, 273, 296–97, 309
Muslim Brotherhood and, 212–15
North Korea and, 56–58
Orlando nightclub shooting and, 280–82, 286–87
presidential campaigns of, 209–10, 296, 299
radical Islam and, 282–84, 286, 348
on radical transformation, 296–97, 299
Russia and, 163–65, 182–83, 190–91, 207
Sony cyberattack and, 56–57, 60–61
as sympathetic to Islam, 221–22, 244–45
and U.S. information warfare lacks and failures, 76–77, 82, 85, 101, 104–5, 108
worldview of, 3–4, 203, 210–11, 245, 283, 314
Office of Personnel Management (OPM), 123–28, 152, 327
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 67, 79–80
Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 126, 164–65
Office of War Information, 78–79, 94
oil, 27, 186, 208, 294
Saudi Arabia and, 185, 257
Oil! (Sinclair), 54
Olsen, Matthew G., 219–20
Olympic Games, 241–42
Olympus Has Fallen, 46
Open Source Center, 191–92
open-source intelligence (OSINT), 32–33, 253–55
opinion morality, 287, 295
O’Reilly, Bill, 296–97
Orlando nightclub shooting, 286–87, 307
FBI and, 276–81
IS in, 15–16, 32, 199–200, 274–82
Orwell, George, 115
Ottoman Empire, 217
Overseas Security Advisory Council, 177, 222, 263–65
Owen commission, 158–59
Oxford University, 289
Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza Shah, 202, 234
Painter, Christopher, 182–83
Pakistan, 25, 102, 196, 207, 217, 345
Palestinians, 233, 250, 290
Palmer, Shelly, 29
Pan Am Flight 103, 207–8
Panarin, Igor, 173–75
Panetta, Leon, 240
Paris attack, 32, 205, 274
Parker, Trey, 56
Patriot, 93
Philippines, 117–18, 149
phishing, 49–50
Pillsbury, Michael, 122, 141n, 151, 341–42
Pinterest, 5, 24
Ploughshares Fund, 239
Podesta, John, 167
political correctness (PC), 108, 198, 293, 298, 305, 310, 312, 322, 353
armed forces policies and, 306–8
on college campuses, 288–91, 347
Information America and, 330–31, 334, 347
Islamic terrorism and, 200, 279, 283–85, 320
iWar policy proposal on, 347–48
left and, 7, 272–74, 278, 287–90, 292, 295–96, 346–48
media and, 7–8
Orlando nightclub shooting and, 274, 278, 281–82
radical Islam and, 284–86
Pompeo, Mike, 162
Poole, Patrick, 214
Presidential Study Directive–11 (PSD-11), 212–14
Price, Ned, 236–37
progressives, 3, 7, 296, 299, 309–12
propaganda, 6, 19–20, 90–91, 94, 320–21
China and, 38, 99–100, 116, 140–43, 187
counter-, 103–5, 221, 321
counterterrorism and, 32–33, 104–6
Information America and, 331–32
Iran and, 236–37, 239, 252, 309
IS and, 106–7, 217, 220–22, 225–27
Islamic terrorism and, 204, 210
North Korea and, 45–46, 61
public information and opinion, 140–43, 191–92
Russia and, 99–100, 170, 174–75, 186–89, 191
SDI and, 87–89
in World War II, 78, 80–82
psychological warfare, 2, 21–22, 67, 79–81, 171, 224, 320–22, 326
China and, 137–38, 140–41, 150, 314, 326, 341
Donovan on, 67, 80–81
public diplomacy, 1–2, 6–7, 97, 319–21, 323
and lack of U.S. information warfare capability, 101–2
Pulse, 273–75
Putin, Vladimir, 4, 26, 153–59, 168, 188, 192–93, 333, 339, 342–43
background of, 153–54, 157–58, 342, 353
geopolitical doctrine of, 171–73, 192, 316
1999 manifesto of, 175
political assassinations and, 154–58
U.S. presidential elections and, 161–62, 165
racial profiling, 198–99
Reagan, Ronald, 85–89
China and, 341–42
counterintelligence and, 95–96
SDI and, 86–87, 194
Soviet Union and, 86–89, 92, 194, 203, 344–45
Red Dawn, 325
Red Star (Krasnaya Zvezda), 89–91
Reilly, Robert R., 1, 313, 323
Reilly, Tom, 326–28
Remnick, David, 286
republicanism, 310
Republicans, Republican Party, 76, 98, 147, 223, 280, 311–12
Iran and, 236, 262
and need for information warfare tools, 351–52
presidential elections and, 27–29, 78, 162, 167–68, 273, 282
Rhodes, Ben, 221
Iran and, 236–41, 251–52, 259, 309
Rogen, Seth, 45, 49, 56
Rogers, Michael, 59, 126, 128–29
Iran and, 262–63
Russia and, 183–86
Roggio, Bill, 212
Romerstein, Herb, 91
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 78
Rouhani, Hassan, 238–39
Rozen, Laura, 238
Rubin, Michel, 284
Rules for Radicals (Alinsky), 298, 300–301
Rumsfeld, Donald, 10
Russel, Daniel, 47
“Russia at the Turn of the Millennium” (Putin), 175
Russia Democratic Transformation Program, 343
Russian Federation, 1, 4, 9, 21, 25–26, 39, 59, 76, 153–95, 217, 239, 275, 278, 314–16, 342–43, 352–53
Active Measures Working Group and, 325, 352
China and, 116, 150, 187
Clinton and, 68, 71, 73, 161–62, 166–67
Crimea annexed by, 168–72, 177, 179, 190
cyberattacks and, 11, 60, 73, 160–67, 176–86, 189, 258, 343
cyber nonaggression agreements and, 182–83
dissidents in, 156–57, 188
expansionism of, 168–73, 175, 207, 353
experimental nuclear drone submarine and, 193–95
ideological roots of information warfare of, 172–73
Information America and, 325–26, 331, 333, 339
information warfare capabilities of, 168, 171–72, 176–77, 179, 252–53, 258, 325–26, 331, 343, 352
information warfare strategy and goals of, 170–75, 186–87
Internet and, 187–89, 191–92, 194, 339
Iran and, 232, 249
iWar policy proposal on, 343
media and, 73, 99–100, 116, 156–57, 159–60, 166–67, 172, 175, 186–89, 193–94, 331, 352
oligarchs in, 156–57, 186
political assassinations and, 154–60, 175
and shooting down of Malaysian airliner, 188–89
social media and, 187–89, 191–92, 338–39
Telegram app and, 19, 227
Ukraine destabilization operations of,
20, 171, 175–79, 183–85, 187–90
U.S. presidential elections and, 11, 153, 160–68
Russia Today (RT), 100, 116, 187, 331
Samuels, David, 221, 236–38, 309
San Bernardino shooting, 15–16, 32, 197–200, 277–78
Sanders, Bernie, 28, 161, 167, 273
Sands Corporation cyberattack, 258–64, 266
Sanger, David, 166, 242
SANS Institute, 178
Saudi Arabia, 214, 216, 224
Iran and, 185, 246, 257–58
Sauter, Mark, 65–66
Savchuk, Lyudmila, 188
Sawyer, Ralph, 136n
Scaramella, Mario, 154
Schultz, Debbie Wasserman, 162
Scowcroft, Brent, 146, 244
Semantics/Terminology Project, The, 330–31
Senate, U.S., 17, 98, 223, 236, 311
Intelligence committees of, 82, 88, 95, 285–86, 325, 352
Russia and, 182–83
see also Congress, U.S.
Server Message Block Worm Tool, 50
Seven Military Classics of Ancient China, The (Sawyer), 136n
sexual assaults, 17, 158, 307–8
sharia law, 213, 278, 285
Shell, Jeff, 100–101
Shen Weiguang, 136–38
Shiites, 84, 219
Shriver, Lionel, 291–92
Shtorm-12 (Gale Wind-12), 192
Shultz, George, 86, 94
Silicon Valley, 103–4, 107
left in, 293–95
Sinclair, Upton, 54
Sivkov, Konstantin, 193–94
Slate, 28
Smith, Marion, 289
Snowden, Edward, 54, 75–76, 129, 131, 256
social engineering, 254
socialists, socialism, 297–98, 301–2
China and, 4, 138, 143, 333
left and, 273, 297, 346
Sanders and, 28, 161, 167
U.S. education system and, 288–89
social media, 15–39, 198, 233, 318
and advances in information technology, 22–23
Arab Spring and, 26–27
censorship and, 30–31, 33–35, 37–38, 338–39
China and, 30, 37–39, 120–21, 152, 338–39
Information America and, 326–27, 339
and integration of traditional and information warfare, 19–20
IS and, 16, 18–19, 22, 32–33, 35–36, 106, 196, 220, 222, 227, 275, 339
iWar policy proposal for, 339
militarization of, 21–22, 39
number of users of, 24, 30–31
Russia and, 187–89, 191–92, 338–39
terrorism and, 5, 16–19, 22, 32–37, 103, 105–6, 108, 314, 339
U.S. presidential elections and, 27–29, 31
Social Media Development Project, The, 326
soft power, 78, 176, 320, 334
Sohn, Ethan, 64
Sony Pictures Entertainment:
The Interview and, 44–45, 47, 49, 56–57, 61
North Korean cyberattack on, 40, 43–45, 47, 49–52, 55–66, 165, 259
Sookhdeo, Patrick, 344
“Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct, The” (Lambert), 196
South China Sea, 131
China’s aggression in, 117–21, 132, 147–49, 332
in U.S.-China information warfare scenario, 110–11
U.S. Navy’s navigation rights in, 148–49
“Soviet Influence Activities,” 94
Soviet Union, 83–98, 168–74, 187, 228
Active Measures Working Group on, 90–97
Afghanistan invaded by, 83–84, 202
Cold War and, 4, 52, 81, 86, 90, 114, 116, 146, 203
collapse of, 6, 8, 91, 98, 114, 153, 159, 171, 173, 203, 342, 345
communism in, 89, 37, 230, 289, 345
in discrediting U.S. officials, 92–93
disinformation on Gertz by, 89–91
dissidents in, 97–98, 159
expansionism of, 84–85, 170
former republics of, 169, 172–73, 192, 353
Reagan and, 86–89, 92, 194, 203, 344–45
SDI and, 86–89, 92, 194
on spreading AIDS, 91, 93–94
Special Access Programs (SAPs), 72–73
Stalin, Joseph, 90, 170, 289
Star Joint Venture, 51
Star Trek, 22–23
State Department, U.S., 5, 86, 94, 167
China and, 125, 146
Clinton email scandal and, 68–71
counterterrorism and, 37, 102–3, 105, 107
Egypt and, 213–14
The Interview and, 47, 61
Iran and, 231, 235, 237, 243–44, 253–55, 263–65
IS and, 222–23
Russia and, 161, 177, 182–83, 352
USIA and, 7, 97–99, 318–19, 323
Stein, Shimon, 247
Stengel, Rick, 101
Sterling, Dan, 45
Stone, Matt, 56
strategic communication, 1–2, 7, 236, 309, 351
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 86–89, 92, 194
Stuxnet, 241–42, 263–64
Sun Army, 268
Sunni Arab National Front for the Salvation of Iraq (Awakening Movement), 224
Sunnis, 17, 219
Sun Tzu, 134–37
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), 179, 185, 265, 268
Surespot, 227
Suri, Abu Firas al-, 37
Swarthmore College, 288
Syria, 277
civil war in, 5, 15, 19–20, 25–27, 37, 205–6, 223
counterterrorism and, 36, 106
IS in, 25–27, 33, 36, 108, 196, 204–7, 209, 219–20, 222–25, 229, 274
and recruiting and training rebels, 222–23
refugees from, 16–17
U.S. bombing of, 37, 274
Tai Kung, 135–36
takfir, 285
Taliban, 248, 255, 276
Team America, 56
Telegram, 19, 227
terrorists, terrorism, 1–3, 25–26, 44, 76, 101–8, 208, 212, 216, 270, 274–86, 317–18, 345–46, 354
Afghanistan and, 20, 84, 204–5, 276
al Qaeda and, 15–16, 35, 210, 215, 276–77, 302, 305
in Benghazi, 5, 68, 210
Boston Marathon bombing and, 25, 278
in Brussels, 19, 32, 205
Guantanamo and, 204, 302–3, 305
and integration of traditional and information warfare, 19–20
The Interview and, 46, 56, 61
Iran and, 5, 84, 231, 233, 235, 243, 248, 250–51, 255, 276, 348–49
IS and, 15–16, 32, 104–8, 195, 197–200, 204–5, 217–22, 224–26, 228–30, 274–83, 285–86, 339, 343–45
Islamophobia and, 198–200
and lack of U.S. information warfare capability, 101–2, 104, 108
Muslim Brotherhood and, 214–15
North Korea and, 46, 56, 61, 65–66
Orlando nightclub shooting and, 274–82
as preventable, 198, 200
racial profiling and, 198–99
radical Islam and, 284–85
Russia and, 175, 352
social media and, 5, 16–19, 22, 32–37, 103, 105–6, 108, 314, 339
Syrian refugees and, 16–17
see also Islamic terrorism; 9/11
Thailand, 50–51, 118, 120–21
Theohary, Catherine A., 35
“There Is Only the Fight . . .” (Clinton), 301
Thornberry, Mac, 76
ThreatConnect, 118–20
3PLA, 122, 144–45
Tiananmen Square massacre, 114–15, 146, 244, 342
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 314
Transform Iran Project, 349
transgenderism, 293, 308
Treasury, U.S., 127, 150, 168–69, 352
Trubnikov, Vyacheslav, 9
Trump, Donald:
presidential elections and, 27–29, 31, 78, 161–62, 166–68, 273, 282, 311
Ru
ssia and, 161–62, 166
Tumblr, 5, 24
Turkey, 157, 214, 223
Turner, Stansfield, 84
Twitter, 5, 12, 19, 23–30, 189, 198, 237, 338
China and, 37–39
counterterrorism and, 32–34, 103, 105–6, 108
and criminal activity vs. speech, 33–35
criticisms of, 37–38
Information America and, 326–27
IS and, 18, 32, 106, 222
logo of, 38–39
post monitoring of, 34–35
presidential elections and, 27–29
Tyrrell, R. Emmett, Jr., 347–48
Ukraine, 73
anti-Russian protests in, 169–70, 174
pro-Russian rebels in, 171, 175–76, 188–89
and Russian annexation of Crimea, 168–71, 179
Russian destabilization of, 20, 171, 175–79, 183–85, 187–90
and shooting down of Malaysian airliner, 188–89
umma, 285
underwater nuclear drone submarine (Kanyon), 193–95
Unit 121 (Cyber Warfare Guidance Bureau), 50–51, 55, 63–64
Unit 61398, 111, 121–22, 124
Unit 78020, 118, 120–21
United Kingdom, 17–18, 52, 56, 80, 90, 187, 220–21, 232, 288–90, 321, 344–45
Bukovsky case and, 159–60
Litvinenko case and, 154–57, 159
United Nations, 92, 98, 182, 332
Iran and, 249–50
North Korea and, 65, 349–50
United States:
discrediting senior officials of, 92–93
education in, 288–91, 347
information warfare capability of, 11, 13, 78–81, 95–96, 190, 195, 234–37, 239–41, 269–71
information warfare erosion and failures of, 2–3, 7, 11–12, 21, 76–77, 81–89, 97–105, 108, 150, 269–71, 317–20, 324–25, 335
in information warfare scenarios, 41–42, 109–14
and need for information warfare tools, 351–52
Pax Americana and, 312–13
politicized military of, 148–49
presidential elections in, 11, 27–29, 31, 69, 74, 78, 153, 160–68, 209–10, 273, 282, 286–87, 296, 299, 301, 311
U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 13, 351
Active Measures Working Group and, 90, 97
demise of, 7–8, 97–99, 318–19, 322–23
Information America and, 322–23, 337
Vieira, Donald L., 304–5
Vietnam, 118, 120, 149, 211
Voice of America (VOA), 1, 99, 313, 319, 323
Votel, Joseph, 230
Wagenbreth, Rolf, 95
Wahhabism, 216
Waller, J. Michael, 321–22
Walmart, 109, 290
Wang Jisi, 149–50
Washington, George, 321, 347
Washington Free Beacon, 166–67
Gertz’s career at, 280–82
Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 250–51
Washington Post, 104, 273
Washington Times, 8–9, 89–91, 100
Weibo, 38
Weinberger, Caspar, 86, 92