Tolkien and the Great War
Page 41
Arthurian legend 67, 107, 281, 288
Artois, France 189 and fn.
Aryador (land of mortals and shadow-folk) 95, 98-100, 107, 215, 266, 267, 294
and ancient Europe 96, 113, 126
Aryan 96
Asgard 86, 257; see Valinor Asturias (hospital ship) 205, 233
Atkins, Frederick Melvin (11th LF subaltern) 171
Atlantis see Númenor
Auchonvillers, France 172, 173
Audacious, sinking of the 50
Auden, W. H.: JRRT to 26, 295
Aulë (smith of the Valar) 241
Authuille, France 159, 160
Authuille Wood see Blighty Wood
Avalon 107
Baggins, Bilbo 282, 307
Baggins, Frodo 311
Balrogs (demons of Melko) 220
Bard the Bowman 308
Barnsley, Brigadier-General Sir John 41, 207
Barnsley, Thomas Kenneth (‘Tea-Cake’; TCBS member) 7, 8, 19fn.
at Cambridge 27, 32
death 8, 250
and TCBS 7, 27, 32, 55, 137
war service 41, 48, 68, 111, 206
Barnt Green (Worcestershire) 83, 89
Barrie, J. M. 93
Peter Pan 73, 77, 80, 86, 226, 298
Barrovian Society see TCBS
Barrowclough, Sidney (TCBS member) 4, 6, 8, 19fn., 27, 31, 55, 57, 111
Basra (Mesopotamia) 233
Bath (Somerset) 103, 104
The Battle of Maldon (Old English poem) 71
‘Battle of Unnumbered Tears’ 241, 266, 269, 277, 298
battles see under individual locations Beaumont-Hamel, France 172, 206
Beauval, France 170, 171, 173, 199-200
Bécourt, France 150fn., 152-3
Cemetery 193fn.
Bedford 88, 89, 93
Beleg (Elven archer) 267, 270
Beorhtnoth 43, 71, 295
Beowulf 4, 34, 43, 227, 231, 290, 291, 294, 295
Beren (Elf, lover of Tinúviel) 262, 263, 264, 265, 268, 269, 272, 277, 279, 305
as mortal 262fn.
and Tolkien 284
Bertrancourt, France 173
Beswick, Rodney Knight (11th LF officer) 247
Bifrost 227
Bird, Lieut. Col. Laurence Godfrey (11th LF commander) 148, 158, 172, 190, 191, 193, 205, 206, 234
Birmingham 3, 5, 11-12, 27, 31, 40-1, 48, 83, 129, 138, 205-6, 207, 231, 260
Oratory 12, 48, 94, 129
see also King Edward’s School
Birmingham Battalions see Royal Warwickshire Regiments
Birmingham Daily Post 41, 48
Birmingham University military hospital 41, 169, 205-6, 231
Black Breath 312
Blackpool: Savoy Convalescent Hospital 248
Blake, William 296, 298
Blighty Wood (Authuille Wood), France 154, 160, 161, 178, 194
Bloemfontein, Orange Free State 11, 23
Blunden, Edmund 186, 187
Boer War 11, 21, 24, 69
Boggart Hole Clough, France 159, 160
‘The Book of Lost Tales’ see under Tolkien, J.R.R., stories
Bournemouth 283, 284
Bouzincourt, France 157-8, 161, 162, 167, 168, 170, 185, 188, 189, 193, 295
Bowyer, Joseph (11th LF quartermaster) 176fn., 239
Bradnam, Albert Edward (Gilson’s batman) 153, 155, 156, 170 and fn.
Bratt, Edith see Tolkien, Edith
Brenan, Gerald 166
Brewerton, George (KES master) 16
brigades, infantry: 3rd Reserve 93, 103, 104
7th (in attack on Ovillers) 163-5
14th (Smith’s to July 1916) 178
74th (JRRT’s) 148-9, 150, 157, 158, 162-3, 166, 168, 171, 172, 197, 198, 199, 247
Britain see England
Brísingamen 271
Brocton Camp, Cannock Chase 103, 112, 114-15, 246
Brogan, Hugh 291
‘Tolkien’s Great War’ 289, 293
Brooke, Rupert 39, 64
‘The Soldier’ 26, 71-2
Brooks, William George (Cambridgeshires) 156
Brough Hall Camp, Yorkshire 82
Browning, Robert 122
‘The Pied Piper of Hamelin’ 13
Bunyan, John: The Pilgrim’s Progress 296
Burne-Jones, Edward 14
Bus-lès-Artois, France 173, 189fn.
Calais, France 143
Calumoth (goblins) 218fn.; see also kalimbardi
Cambrai, Battle of (1917) 242, 250fn.
Cambridge 9, 24, 27, 32, 54, 56, 63, 251
Cherry Hinton Camp 58, 63
Peterhouse 4, 31
Trinity College 7, 31
Cambridgeshire Battalion (11th Suffolks) 57, 77, 82-3, 101, 102, 115, 143, 152-7, 158, 169, 170, 179, 295
Candas, France 201
Cannock Chase, Staffordshire 95, 103-4, 115, 134, 245, 246, 273
Canziani, Eleanor: The Piper of Dreams 77
Carpenter, Humphrey: J. R. R. Tolkien: A biography 14, 81fn., 149, 189, 250fn.
Carrington, Charles (1/5th Warwickshires subaltern) 162
Soldier from the Wars Returning 302, 303
A Subaltern’s War 162, 164, 167, 168, 299
Cecil, Hugh: The Flower of Battle 311
Celbaros (Cheltenham) 207fn.
Chambers, R. W.: Widsith 229, 230
Chaucer, Geoffrey: The Canterbury Tales 4, 15, 33, 60, 87, 107, 224
Cheddar caves 134
Cheltenham 29, 43, 240, 242
and Celbaros 207fn.
Chequers Club (Exeter College) 31, 36, 37
Cheshire Regiment, 13th Battalion 148-9
Chesterton, G. K. 64
‘The Ethics of Elfland’ 113
Churchill, Winston 49
Clarke, Arthur C. 221
Classics and Classicism 3-4, 12, 13, 16, 18, 25, 26, 29, 30, 42-3, 219, 290; see also Greek and Latin
Clevedon, Somerset 134
Coalbiters 281
Codford St Mary, Wiltshire 102, 111, 252
Coldstream Guards, 1st Battalion 111, 250
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor: ‘Kubla Khan’ 36
Colincamps, France 173
Constable, Mrs Strickland 239
Cornwall 28, 40, 59
Cortirion (Warwick) 207fn; see also Kortirion
Cottage of Lost Play
(1) in poem (properly the Cottage of the Play of Sleep) 72-3, 226-7, 228
(2) in the Lonely Isle 225-6, 227, 258, 270, 280
Cottrell, George Frederick (KES) 250fn. courage and heroism 43, 46, 69, 71, 118, 136-7, 156, 198-9, 265, 266, 267, 269, 289, 290, 293, 294-5, 299, 300, 302-6, 310, 311, 312
Craigie, William A. 33, 249
Crichton, John Drummond (KES) 250fn.
Cromarty Firth 116
Cullis, Colin (Exeter College) 36, 49, 249, 250
Cynewulf: Crist 44-5, 53, 227
Daily Mail 22
Danigwethl 213fn.; see also Taniquetil
d’Ardenne, Simonne 189
Davies, W. H. 64
Dead Marshes 310-11
Deakin, Dorothea (RWR’s wife) 279
death see immortality
de la Mare, Walter 64
Delville Wood, France 182
demons 127
the Devil 221; see also Satan, Melko
Dibgate Plateau camp (1912) 24-5
Dimlington, Holderness 243
disenchantment xi, 274, 301-5
divisions, infantry: 25th (Tolkien’s) 144, 158, 161, 163, 167, 170, 173, 178-9, 188, 189-90, 198, 199, 295
32nd (Smith’s to July 1916) 110-11, 138, 143-4
34th (Gilson’s) 138, 158
49th (Smith’s from July 1916) 178
Dixon, Arthur (19th LF subaltern) 118-19
Door(s) of Night 45, 90, 91
Douie, Charles: The Weary Road 186-7, 196, 298, 302-3, 306
dragons
in literature and tradition 13, 16, 98
in Tolkien’s w
orks 127, 267, 304, 308; and tanks 220-1, 294, 298
Dryden, John 81, 82
du Maurier, Gerald 48
Dunn, Frederick (11th LF officer) 162
Dwarves 98, 271; as Bilbo’s companions 307-8
dyscatastrophe 264, 270, 309
Eärendel/Éarendel (star mariner) 44-7, 53, 63, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 91, 92, 96, 97, 127, 128, 214, 217, 229, 241, 272, 294; Eärendl 214; see also ‘The Voyage of Éarendel’ under Tolkien, J. R. R., poetry
Earp, Thomas Wade (Exeter College) 50, 93, 116, 117, 249
Easington, Holderness 243, 251
Easter Rising, Ireland 141
Ecthelin (Edith Tolkien) 207fn.
Edward VII 24
Edwards, William Ian (11th LF Lewis Gun officer) 171, 239
Eldamar 80, 81, 126, 216; Eglamar 84; see also Elvenhome
Eldar 75, 121, 124, 126, 258, 260, 274, 275, 298; see also Elves
elda ‘beach fay’ 80; see also Solosimpi
Eldarin, Primitive (invented language) 61, 96, 97, 213
Eldarissa (Qenya) 212
Eliot, C. N. E.: A Finnish Grammar 26, 30, 60
Eliot, T. S.: The Waste Land 71, 288
Elrond (Eärendel’s son) 282
Elvenhome 91, 258, 260; see also Eldamar
Elves 76, 86, 99, 121, 126, 219-20, 221, 241, 254, 258-60, 272-7, 292-3, 298, 299, 308
exiles from Elvenhome 81, 107-9, 226, 227, 260-1, 272-3
fading 75, 107-8, 112, 258, 274, 275
mission among mortals 80, 107, 113, 126, 227, 266
stature 38, 75, 217
in tradition and literature 98, 107-8, 220, 261, 292
see also Eldar, fairies, Gnomes, Shadow-folk
Elvish 96, 97; see also (Primitive) Eldarin, Gnomish, Goldogrin, Qenya, and Sindarin
Elwing (Eärendel’s wife) 272
enchantment 63, 74, 90, 95, 221, 227, 262, 272, 304, 309
England (or Britain)
ancient 42, 98
and Faërie 78, 107-9
TCBS members on 68, 105, 106, 111, 133, 136-7, 185
and Tolkien 11-12, 41, 42, 58, 104, 130, 133, 174
and Tolkien’s mythology 107, 126, 144-5, 224-5, 229-30, 259, 273, 278, 297, 307; see also the Lonely Isle
and war 21-2, 23, 37, 39, 40-1, 50, 72, 92, 128, 152, 233, 243, 248
ennoblement 275-6
Ents 108, 312
Enu (God) 125; see also Ilúvatar
Eremandos (hell) 127
Erinti (Vala of love) 126, 128, 228, 257fn.
Erintion (second half of January) 128fn.
Eriol (a mariner) 224-5, 226, 227, 245, 256, 258, 259, 275, 276, 297
and ancient Europe 224-5, 236, 243-4, 273, 278
and ‘The Book of Lost Tales’ 229, 259, 273-4, 297
and Tolkien 225, 246, 310
Ernst, Max: Celebes 221
Erskine Macdonald (publishers) 246
escape and escapism 46-7, 77-8, 106-7, 216, 268, 287, 293-4, 297, 298, 299
Estirin (Exeter) 128
Étaples, France 112, 143-4, 147
eucatastrophe 264-5, 304-6, 309
Europe see Aryador, Great Lands
Evers, Reverend Mervyn S. (11th LF padre) 157, 167, 188, 197, 198-9, 200
Ewart, Wilfrid 311
Exeter College, Oxford 3, 14, 24, 25-6, 29-30, 33-5, 37, 48-9, 63, 81, 249
Essay Club 31, 34, 36, 52-3, 64, 249
Skeat Prize 35
Stapeldon Society 31, 35, 36, 47, 49
war casualties 250
Faërie xiii, 38, 72-8, 86, 113, 120-4, 128, 212, 227, 259, 261-2, 292-3
in mortal lands 107-8, 126, 226-7, 272; see also Artanor, Aryador, Gondolin, Kortirion, the Lonely Isle
over the sea 80-1, 83-4, 86, 90, 108, 126, 226-7, 259, 296-7; see also Eldamar, Elvenhome, Kôr
Fafnir 267
Failivrin 268-9, 270
fairies
in literature and tradition 13, 14, 74, 75-8, 80, 107-8, 217, 261-2, 275
in Tolkien (generally synonymous with ‘Elves’, q.v.) 14, 36, 38, 73-6, 80-1, 107, 109, 126, 127, 145, 217, 224, 225, 258, 260, 261-2, 274
fairy-story, fairy tales 13, 113, 120, 224, 227, 229, 261, 269, 274, 280
and war 77-8, 221, 264-5, 292-3, 296-8, 303, 309
Fangorn Forest 108
Faramir 310
Faring Forth (expedition against Melko) 228, 273, 278, 280
Farnell, Lewis R. (Exeter College classics don and Rector) 29-30, 37, 42, 49
Farnell, Sylvia 37
Farnley Park, Otley (signals school) 134, 190
Fawcett-Barry, Patrick Francis Jervoise (11th LF officer) 171, 234
Fëanor (Elven craftsman) 280, 295
Fentor (lord of dragons) 127
Finland 51; language 26, 30, 60, 61, 213; see also Kalevala
Finn (in Germanic legend) 34, 43
Fladweth Amrod (in the Lonely Isle) 246
Flieger, Verlyn: A Question of Time 296-7
Flinding 270
Folkestone 24-5, 137, 143
Forceville, France 170
Ford, Ford Madox 287
Fovant, Wiltshire 252
Franqueville, France 190, 199
Freyja 271
Fróda 43
Frotho 34
Frye, Northrop: The Anatomy of Criticism 302, 305
Fui (a Vala) 256
Fullerphones 192 and fn.
Fussell, Paul: The Great War and Modern Memory 289, 290, 296, 302
Galadriel 108, 228 and fn.
Gallipoli landings (1915) 69, 119
Gamgee, Leonard (RAMC officer) 206
Gamgee, Sampson 206
Gamgee, Samwise 206, 310
Gandalf 218fn.
Gaskin, Thomas (11th LF batman) 171
Gautisk (invented language) 17 and fn., 60
Gedling, Nottinghamshire: Phoenix Farm 41, 44
George V 23, 42, 88
Georgian Poetry (anthology) 64
German language 16, 192; Old High German 15; other ancestral stages 34, 45, 63, 98, 230
“Germanic” ideal 42, 71, 128
Germanic legend 34, 42-3, 53, 86-7, 96, 98, 227, 229, 298, 307
peoples 33, 42, 130, 133, 213, 224, 236, 243-4
Germans in Tolkien’s mythology 128, 218-19
Gézaincourt, France 201
Gibbs, Philip 221
Gilfanon (Gnome of Tavrobel) 274
Gimli 311
Gilson, Emily Annie (RQG’s mother) 27, 319
Gilson, Hugh Cary (RQG’s half-brother) 169-70
Gilson, John Cary (RQG’s half-brother) 169-70
Gilson, Marianne Caroline (née Dunstall; RQG’s stepmother ‘Donna’) 115, 156, 169, 170
Gilson, Mary Dorothea (RQG’s sister Molly) 156, 169, 206
Gilson, Robert Cary (RQG’s father) 5, 16, 17, 19fn., 22-3, 30, 56, 57, 156, 169, 179, 182, 183, 218
Gilson, Robert Quilter (TCBS member) xii, 6, 7-8, 19fn., 27
at Cambridge 7, 50, 54, 56
‘Carellus Helveticulus’ 19fn.
character and personality 6-7, 21, 55-6, 57, 102, 116, 122, 124, 146-7, 253
death and grave 8, 156, 169-70, 193fn.
at King Edward’s School 5, 18, 21, 23, 25, 27
love affair 100, 101, 115
and Smith 102-3, 168, 174, 179
and TCBS 6, 18, 32, 54, 55, 56, 57-8, 63, 101-2, 104-5, 137, 175-6
and JRRT 17fn., 19, 27, 33, 54, 55, 63, 100, 101, 115, 117, 129-30
on JRRT and JRRT’s poetry 16, 43-4, 119
visits Wiseman 47-8
on war 150-1, 186, 188, 265
war service 41, 56-7, 63, 82-3, 94, 95, 101, 102, 116, 117-18, 143, 146-7, 152-6
Gipsy Green, Teddesley Hay, Staffordshire 246
Glamdring (Gandalf’s sword) 218fn. 387
Glamhoth (goblins) 218fn.; see also kalimbardi
Gloomweaver 241, 258, 264; see also Spider of Night
Glorund 267, 268, 269, 271, 304
Gnomes (secon
d tribe of Elves) 38, 39, 76, 126, 214-15, 218, 219, 213, 217-19, 222-3, 241, 259, 260; see also Noldoli
Tolkien’s use of the word gnome 76
Gnomish (invented language) 126, 207 and fn., 212-14, 218fn., 236, 237, 246, 263, 278; see also Goldogrin
Goblins 76, 98, 218-19; see also Orcs, kalimbardi
gods 86, 112-13, 125, 256; see also Valar
Golding, William 300
Lord of the Flies 300
Goldogrin (invented language) 212, 213 and fn., 220, 236, 247
Gondolin 39, 187, 214, 266, 272, 294; see also ‘The Fall of Gondolin’ under Tolkien, J. R. R., stories
Gordon, Eric Valentine (Leeds University) 278
Gothic language 16, 34, 60, 63, 97
and the Great Twin Brethren 16-17, 55, 232
Gough, General Hubert (Fifth Army commander) 200
Grahame, Kenneth 93
Grand Fleet, British 119, 141-2
Graves, Robert 288, 289, 290, 291, 296, 300, 303
‘Babylon’ (Fairies and Fusiliers) 292
Fairies and Fusiliers 77, 109
Good-bye to All That 249, 294, 301
Great Haywood, Staffordshire 134-5, 144, 145, 207, 231
Great Lands (mainland Europe) 227, 243-4, 260, 261, 272, 273
Great Twin Brethren (JRRT and CLW) 5, 17, 20, 55, 56, 58, 137, 232
Greece 26, 30, 51, 229
Greek language 4, 13, 14-15, 16, 18, 22, 30, 98, 116
Greenwich 87, 101
Grey-elves 213
Grein, C. W. M. and Wülcker, R. P.: Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie 44
Grimm, Jakob 87, 98
Grimm’s Law 15, 61, 62
Grote, George: A History of Greece 26