Countrymen
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10. Handwritten note, Supreme Court lawyer H. H. Bruun, dated October 10, 1943, and countersigned by C. L. David, chapter 6, note 11.
11. Kirchhoff, “Oktober 1943 set ‘från hinsidan,’ ” pp. 111ff.
12. Åmark, Att bo granne med ondskan, pp. 536ff.; Kirchhoff, “Oktober 1943 set ‘från hinsidan,’ ” pp. 113ff.; see also Munck, Døren til den frie verden, pp. 138ff.
13. DJM, Objects, Bernhard Cohn, JDK 207×40, account of his escape written in October 1943.
14. Jens Rudolph Dahl’s report, October 2, 1943.
15. RA, Archive of Eduard Vilhelm Sophus Christian Reventlow, Diary (1941–53), Binders 2–3, October 2, 1943.
16. Bak, Da krigen var forbi, pp. 35ff.
17. Gross, Golden Harvest, pp. 120ff.
18. Longerich, Holocaust, pp. 397ff. and 422ff.; Friedländer, The Years of Extermination, pp. 483ff.
19. www.yadvashem.org.
20. SL, Drawer 48, jødetransporter 28–97, undated typewritten account by Niels Lund.
21. Bak, Da krigen var forbi, p. 32; Bak, Nothing to Speak Of, pp. 45ff. See also Sofie Lene Bak’s foreword, “Den lange tavshed,” in Nilsson, De gemte børn.
22. Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, p. 94.
23. DJM, Objects, Bernhard “Bubi” Cohn, JDK207×40, journal from September 29 until November 21, 1943.
24. Bertelsen, Oktober 43, p. 17.
25. Dethlefsen, De illegale Sverigesruter 1943–45, pp. 36ff.
26. Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, pp. 117ff.
27. Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 104ff.
28. Information, October 2, 1943; see also Lund and Nielsen, Outze i krig, pp. 64ff.
29. Pundik, Det kan ikke ske i Danmark, pp. 68ff.
30. Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, pp. 253ff., Erik von Himburg’s telegram, October 2; see also Lundtofte, Den store undtagelse, pp. 182ff.
31. Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, pp. 249ff., Best’s telegram, October 2, 1943, 13:45; see also Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, pp. 178ff.
32. Lund, Hitlers spisekammer, pp. 283ff.; Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 1, pp. 86ff., in which Lauridsen refers in detail to the underlying research; see also Gads leksikon om dansk besættelsestid 1940–1945, 2002, pp. 309ff.
33. Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, pp. 267ff., Scherpenberg’s report, October 4, 1943; see also Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, pp. 168ff.
34. Life, November 28, 1960, p. 101; Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, p. 187f. See also Lauridsen, ed., Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, pp. 240ff., Best’s telegram, October 1, which includes a transcript of the king’s protest. The telegram was sent at 19:30, one and a half hours before the operation was initiated; RA, Archive of King Christian 10, 1943: “Bemærkninger med bilag,” Attachment no. 57. The quotation from the Sassen tapes is from Stangneth, Eichmann vor Jerusalem, p. 346.
35. Kirchhoff, Den gode tysker, pp. 124ff.
Chapter Eight: Sunday, 3 October: Ystad
1. DJM, Objects, Bernhard “Bubi” Cohn, JDK207×40, journal from September 29 until November 21, 1943.
2. DJM, Personal Archives, Leo Schüstin, JDK250A1/4/275, records from October 1943. His depiction is slightly edited; Swedish National Archives, Archives of the National Board of Aliens, Dossier (Leo Schüstin). Leo Schüstin’s escape is also described in Bak, Da krigen var forbi, pp. 30ff.
3. DJM, Personal Archives, Leo Schüstin, JDK250A1/4/275, records from October 1943.
4. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, vol. 2, pp. 776ff.
5. The protest is quoted from Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, pp. 235f.; RA, Archive of King Christian 10, 1943: “Bemærkninger med bilag,” Attachment no. 57.
6. Gads Hvem var hvem 1940–45, p. 112f.
7. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, vol. 2, pp. 776ff.; Bak, Nothing to Speak Of, p. 80f.
8. Swedish National Archives, Archives of the National Board of Aliens, Dossier (Poul Hannover), Ystad police report, October 7, 1943.
9. SL, Stubbekøbing Regional Archive, Drawer 48, jødetransporter 28–97, undated typewritten account by Niels Lund.
10. Kirchhoff, “Oktober 1943 set ‘från hinsidan,’ ” pp. 313ff.
11. DJM, Personal Archives, Ella Fischer, JDK207A103/1, account of her escape in September–October 1943.
12. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn, JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943. A slightly abridged version of his account is published in Thomsen, En Skildring om et enkelt Tilfälde under Jödeforfölgelsen i Danmark. Here quoted from the original source filed at DJM.
13. Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 232ff.
14. DJM, Objects, Bernhard “Bubi” Cohn, JDK207×40, journal from September 29 until November 21, 1943.
15. Swedish National Archive, Archives of the National Board of Aliens, Dossier (Bernhard Cohn).
Chapter Nine: Monday, October 4: The Village of Ruds Vedby
1. Longerich: Davon haben wir Nichts gewusst!, 2006.
2. Several authoritative versions are accessible on the Internet in English as well as in the original German. Here quoted from www.holocaust-history.org.
3. RA, Foreign Ministry, Gruppeordnede sager: 1909–1945, 120–20, Svenningsen’s memorandum, October 4, 1943.
4. Ibid., Svenningsen’s memorandum, October 5, 1943; see also Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, pp. 166ff.; Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, pp. 187ff.
5. Quoted from Information, October 11, 1943.
6. RA, Archive of Oluf Pedersen, archive no. 6104, optegnelser fra Nimandsudvalget, September 29, 1943, October 4. A few of the words are questionable, and illegible passages have been omitted; see also Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, p. 179, and Munch, Erindringer, vol. 8, pp. 224ff.
7. Den parlamentariske kommission, vol. 8, book 3, p. 1552.
8. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, p. 779.
9. Bak, Nothing to Speak Of, pp. 67ff.
10. Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, pp. 190ff.; Kirchhoff, “Endlösung over Danmark,” p. 174.
11. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn, JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943.
12. Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, p. 106.
13. RA, Archive of Eduard Vilhelm Sophus Christian Reventlow, Diary (1941–53), Binders 2–3, October 4, 1943.
14. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, vol. 2, p. 781.
15. Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, pp. 94ff.
16. Bak, Nothing to Speak Of, pp. 137ff.
Chapter Ten: Tuesday, October 5: Going North
1. DJM, Personal Archives, Ella Fischer, JDK207A103/1, account of her escape in September–October 1943.
2. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn, JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Vilhelm Lind’s notes are quoted in Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 107ff.
6. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn, JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943.
7. Vilhelm Lind’s notes are quoted in Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 107ff.
8. RA, Public Prosecutor for Special Affairs, AS-sager for provinsen 1940–1944, 7, Hillerød Købstad 87–149, Sergeant Mortving’s report October 5, 1943; see also Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, pp. 118f.; Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, p. 45.
9. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943.
10. Ibid.
11. Frit Danmark, October 1943.
12. De frie Danske, October 1943.
13. Dansk Maanedspost, October 1943.
14. Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, p. 248f.; see also Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, pp. 171ff.; Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, pp. 187ff.
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15. Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, p. 182; Information, October 11, 1943.
16. Handwritten note by the Supreme Court lawyer H. H. Bruun, dated October 10, 1943, and countersigned by C. L. David, chapter 6, note 11.
17. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, vol. 2, p. 782.
Chapter Eleven: Wednesday, October 6: Gilleleje
1. Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, p. 281, Best’s telegram to the German Foreign Office, October 6, 1943, 12:30; Duckwitz’s memoirs, here quoted from Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, p. 161f.
2. DJM, Personal Archives, Ella Fischer, JDK207A103/1, account of her escape in September–October 1943; her family’s fate is reflected by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs list of deported Jews filed at RA, Foreign Ministry, Gruppeordnede sager: 1909–1945, 120–20; see also Bak, Da krigen var forbi, pp. 24ff.
3. Handwritten note by the Supreme Court lawyer H. H. Bruun, dated October 10, 1943, and countersigned by C. L. David, chapter 6, note 11.
4. RA, Public Prosecutor for Special Affairs, AS-sager for provinsen,1940–1944, 7, Hillerød Købstad 87–149, Sergeant Mortving’s report, October 13, 1943; Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, p. 78f.
5. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn, JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943.
6. Vilhelm Lind’s notes are quoted in Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 107ff.
7. RA, Public Prosecutor for Special Affais, AS-sager for provinsen, 1940–1944, 7, Hillerød Købstad 87–149; Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 46ff.
8. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn, JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943.
9. Ibid.
10. Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 104ff.
11. The October 28, 1943, letter is reprinted in ibid., pp. 99ff.
12. Ibid., pp. 54ff.
13. Ibid., pp. 99ff.
14. Bak, Nothing to Speak Of, pp. 67ff.
15. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, vol. 2, pp. 784f.
16. Swedish National Archives, Archives of National Board of Aliens, Dossiers (Kis and Gunnar Marcus), visa applications, October 6, 1943.
Chapter Twelve: Thursday, October 7: The Hope
1. Handwritten note by the Supreme Court lawyer H. H. Bruun, dated October 10, 1943, and countersigned by C. L. David, chapter 6, note 11.
2. DJM, Personal Archives, Herbert Willie Levysohn, JDK80/A2/1, account of his escape written in October 1943.
3. Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 64ff.
4. SL, Stubbekøbing Regional Archive, Drawer 48, jødetransporter 28–97.
5. RA, Public Prosecutor for Special Affairs, AS-sager for provinsen,1940–1944, 7, Hillerød Købstad 87–149.
6. Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, p. 62.
7. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, vol. 2, p. 788f.
8. Ibid., p. 789f.
9. Politiken’s supplement, “Magasinet,” January 13, 1946.
10. Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, pp. 186ff.
11. Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, pp. 288ff. and 308ff.; see also Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, pp. 188ff.; Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, pp. 296ff.
12. Kirchhoff, “Oktober 1943 set ‘från hinsidan,’ ” pp. 324ff.
Chapter Thirteen: Friday, October 8: The Beach at Smidstrup
1. Lauridsen, En borger i Danmark under krigen, vol. 2, p. 793.
2. Kirchhoff, Den gode tysker, pp. 174ff.; Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, p. 106.
3. Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 104ff.; Svenska Dagbladet, October 9, 1943.
4. Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, pp. 291ff.
5. Munch, Erindringer, vol. 8, p. 226.
6. DJM, Personal Archives, Henrik Martin Schall Meyer, JDK275A18/2/278, journal, “Flugten til Sverige,” October 1943.
7. RA, Archive of Eduard Vilhelm Sophus Christian Reventlow, Diary (1941–53), Binders 2–3, October 8, 1943.
8. Gilbert Lassen’s description from 1945 is reprinted in Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 135ff.
Chapter Fourteen: Saturday, October 9: Realities
1. Doctor Widding’s account is reprinted in Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, pp. 92ff.
2. DJM, Personal Archives, Henrik Martin Schall Meyer, JDK275A18/2/278, journal, “Flugten til Sverige,” October 1943.
3. Swedish National Archives, Archives of the National Board of Aliens, Dossier (Adolph Meyer), Göteborg police report, October 21, 1943; Dagens Nyheter, October 10, 1943.
4. Bak, Da krigen var forbi, pp. 30 and 16; see also Gads leksikon om dansk besættelsestid 1940–45, pp. 254ff.
5. Bak, Nothing to Speak Of, p. 175f.
6. Dethlefsen, Ud af mørket, pp. 202ff.
7. Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, pp. 106ff.
8. Ibid., p. 115f.
9. Ibid, pp. 46 and 110ff.; Tortzen, Gilleleje oktober 1943, p. 42f.; Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 4, p. 261.
10. Dethlefsen, Ud af mørket, pp. 202ff.; Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, pp. 69ff.
11. RA, Public Prosecutor for Special Affairs, AS-sager for provinsen 1940–1944, 7, Hillerød Købstad, 7–148.
12. Bak, Nothing to Speak Of, pp. 36ff.; Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, pp. 86ff.; Dethlefsen, De illegale Sverigesruter 1943–45, pp. 44ff.
13. Hjortsø, Den dyre flugt.
14. Bak, Da krigen var forbi, p. 103; Hjortsø: Den dyre flugt.
15. Dethlefsen, De illegale Sverigesruter 1943–45, p. 40f.; Tamm, Bag kapperne, p. 118f.
16. Lundtofte, Gestapo!, pp. 114ff.
17. Ring, Hitler beskyddar Danmark, pp. 141ff.
18. Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, pp. 106ff.
19. RA, Archive of Eduard Vilhelm Sophus Christian Reventlow, Diary (1941–53), Binders 2–3, October 9, 1943.
20. Hæstrup, … Til landets bedste, vol. 1, p. 182f.
21. Ibid., p. 185.
22. The chain of events leading to Adolf Eichmann’s promise is discussed in Lauridsen, Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best, vol. 1, p. 114. The underlying documentation is in vol. 4, pp. 288–454.
23. Persson, Vi åker till Sverige.
24. Ring, Hitler beskyddar Danmark, pp. 141ff.
25. Kreth and Mogensen, Flugten til Sverige, p. 101.
26. Ibid., p. 94.
27. Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners, pp. 158ff.
28. Longerich, “Davon haben wir Nichts gewusst!,” pp. 313ff.
29. Yahil, The Rescue of Danish Jewry, p. 278f.
30. Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem, p. 157.
Epilogue
1. Swedish National Archive, Archives of the National Board of Aliens, Dossier (Ella Fischer).
2. Ibid., Dossier (Einar Cohn).
3. Lundtofte, Gestapo!; Gads Hvem var hvem 1940–45, p. 253f.
4. Kirchhoff, “Erik Scavenius og Werner Best,” pp. 21ff.
5. Kirchhoff, Den gode tysker, pp. 358ff.
6. Kirchhoff, “Erik Scavenius og Werner Best,” pp. 21ff.
7. Quoted in Madeleine Albright, Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937–1948 (New York: HarperCollins, 2012), pp. 146ff.
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