as nonbelievers, xviii, 12–14, 95, 216
as promoters of accommodationism, 6–9, 98
spirituality among, 101–3
See also scientist-believers; specific individuals
Scientology, 22, 82, 84
Scopes trial, 2, 5, 134
Scott, Eugenie, 93–94
scriptural literalism, xvi, 49–54
cherry-picking from scripture, 74–77, 129–30
vs. metaphorical interpretations, 44, 54–59, 74–75, 129–30
as necessary to faith, 61–63
non-Christian, 53, 58, 75, 76, 106
seen as recent phenomenon, 57
statistics, 51, 53
See also biblical literalism; specific stories and claims
secular faith, 69, 207–8
secularity
considering a world without faith, xxi–xxii, 250–56, 260–61
in modern Europe, 254–55
secularism in nineteenth-century America, 3
self-deception, xxi, 28, 29, 179–80
self-sacrifice, 168, 174–75
See also altruism
sensus divinitatis, 178, 179, 181–82, 183
sexually transmitted disease, 241–42
sharia law, 251–52
Shermer, Michael, 28, 180
Shimkus, John, 247–48
Shroud of Turin, 122
sin, 22, 45, 51, 52, 71, 130, 148–49
sensus divinitatis and, 181, 183
See also original sin
Singer, Peter, 110, 174
Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson, 243
skepticism. See criticality; doubt
Skutnik, Lenny, 175
Small, Jeffrey, 217–18, 222
smallpox, 5, 235
Smith, Joseph, 62, 82, 121, 259
social aspects of religion
faith and community, 43, 52, 61–62, 85, 120
social benefit argument for faith, 98, 237, 253–54, 256
societal well-being and religiosity, 254–56
social behavior
of animals, 171–72
social instincts, 166–68
socialization of infants, 172
See also morality
social norms and social change
morality and, 88, 170–71, 177, 189
religion and, 70–71, 77, 87–89
social problems, religious violence and, 53
social sciences
as scientific, 32, 39, 40, 186, 187–88, 195, 199
scientism and, 198–99
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Wilson), 167
sociology, 40, 187, 188
soul(s), 55, 132–33, 136–37, 162
Soviet Union, Lysenkoism in, 220–21
Spinoza, Benedict de, 101, 254
spirituality, 101–3
See also nontheistic religion and spirituality
Spufford, Francis, 43, 44, 61
Stalin, Joseph, 221
Stanyard, Roger, 98
Stark, Rodney, 211–12, 214–15, 239
stem cell research, xix–xx, 217, 240–41
Stenger, Victor, 21
Stenmark, Mikael, 45
string theory, 163
subjective experience, 158, 189–95, 200
suffering. See evil and suffering; religious harm
suicide, 244, 245
Sullivan, Andrew, 55
Summa Theologica (Aquinas), 57, 58
superfluity(ies)
as evidence against fine-tuning argument, 163–64
parsimony in science, 36–37
superfluous intelligence argument for God’s existence, 134, 183–86
theistic evolution as, 149, 159
supernatural and paranormal phenomena, xii, 6, 34, 80, 93, 112–20
defining “supernatural,” 42–43, 113–14
evidence standards for, 116–17, 120–24
miracles, 109, 116–17, 120–24
scientific study and testing of, 93–94, 114–15
viewed as outside the realm of science, 112–14, 226
See also religious claims; specific stories and claims
superstition, faith as, xii, 109, 258
Swan, Rita, 232
Swinburne, Richard, 45, 48
syncretism, 100–106
Taoism, 42, 65
tapeworms, 139
Tasmanian devil, 149
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 223
Templeton, John, 17–18
Templeton Foundation, 8, 14, 17–20, 103, 228
Templeton Prize, 18–19, 45, 46
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 1
Teresa, Mother, 117
terminal illness
faith and, 252–53
opposition to assisted dying, 243–45
Tertullian, 68
Thacker, Justin, 73
theism. See faith; religion entries
theistic evolution, 132–40, 226–27
acceptance rates, xiii, 60, 132
as Catholic Church’s position, 61, 132, 133
human evolution seen as inevitable, 140–47, 156
logical problems with, 150
range of views on, 135–38
scientific problems with, 138–40, 143–44, 145–47
theological problems with, 147–49
See also human inevitability
theodicy, 81, 148–49
theology, xvii, 209, 259
apologetics and rationalization in, 66–67, 75, 77–81, 88–89, 153, 157
literalism in Christian theology, 57–59
stasis and change in, 87–89
See also natural theology; specific theologians
theory of everything, 159
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 55, 57–58, 215
Thompson, Judith Jarvis, 169–70
Thomson, J. J., 99
Tolstoy, Leo, The Death of Ivan Ilyich, 191–92
transubstantiation, 61, 84
Trivers, Robert, 179
trolley problem, 169–70
true beliefs/rationality argument for God’s existence, 156, 177–83, 226
Truman, Harry, 218
truth
defined, 29–30, 186
religion and, xii, xx–xxi, 43–46
science as pursuit of, xii, xx, 1, 5, 28–29, 187
See also knowledge; religious claims; scientific knowledge; ways of knowing
Tyson, Neil deGrasse, xi
uncertainty, 37–38
See also certainty; doubt
universe
end of, 164
multiverse theory, 163
origins of, 28, 32, 37, 146, 245
Universe in a Single Atom, The (Dalai Lama), 105–6
universities
church condemnation of the University of Paris (1277), 215
science and religion institutes at, 6, 19
university secularism, 3–4
U.S. Congress, 7
House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 250
U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 12, 249–50
vaccinations, xix, 5, 217, 235–36, 241–42
Vander Woude, Thomas, 168, 174–75
Varieties of Religious Experience, The (James), 42, 44, 118
Varieties of Scientific Experience, The (Sagan), 118
Voltaire, 29
Vrba, Elisabeth, 182
Waal, Frans de, 171
Wallace, Alfred Russel, 134, 183
war, 111, 152, 217–18, 221
Watson, James D., 216
ways of knowing, 185–96
the arts and humanities as, 18
5–86, 190–94
hard science as, 93–94, 185, 187, 195, 198, 206–7, 222–24
knowledge and truth defined, 186–87
mathematics and philosophy as, 188–89, 198
morality as, 189–90
NOMA (non-overlapping magisteria) view, xviii, 4, 64–65, 106–12, 196
“other ways of knowing” trope, xvi, xix, 24–25, 66, 150–52, 185, 186, 195–96, 227–28
social sciences as, 186, 187–88, 195, 198
Weinberg, Steven, 220, 221, 237
Welby, Justin, 79–80
When God Talks Back (Luhrmann), 62
White, Andrew Dickson, 3–4
Whitehead, Alfred North, 106, 212–13
Whitmer, David, 121
Why Evolution Is True (Coyne), xiv, 157
Wieland, Carl, 75–76
Wieseltier, Leon, 54
Wigner, Eugene, 159
Wilson, Edward O., 167, 198
Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History (Gould), 144–45
World Science Festival, 7–8, 20
Young, Brigham, 71
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Faith Versus Fact : Why Science and Religion Are Incompatible (9780698195516) Page 42