Spiller, Capt. Eberhard, 45
Spooner, Rear-Adm. Jack, 211
Sprague, Rear-Adm. Clifton, USN, 572–3
Springett, George, 95
Spruance, Adm. Raymond, USN, 244, 247, 250–3, 436, 439, 566–7, 667
SS (Schutzstaffel): and Nazi Jewish policy, 508–12, 519–20
Stafilakas, Sgt. Diamantis, 117
Stahl, Peter, 89
Stahlberg, Alexander, 9
Stahlecker, Police Gen. Walter, 148–9
Stalin, Josef: and Jewish suffering, xvii; pact with Nazis, 3, 8; and partition and occupation of Poland, 3, 15; as prospective ally against Germany, 8; early deliberate neutrality, 22; invades Finland, 30–2, 35–6; conditions for Finnish peace, 38; and defeat of France, 74–5; annexes Baltic states, 75; territorial expansionism, 99; and prospective war with Germany, 141; ignores warnings of German invasion, 143; collapse and withdrawal to dacha, 149; broadcasts appeal to Soviet people, 150, 163–4; military inexperience, 150, 166–7, 177–8, 181; as Supreme Commander, 150–1; justifies enforced industrialisation, 153; military strength, 158; and defence of Moscow, 162; Voroshilov attacks, 169; orders attack to relieve Leningrad, 173; rejects wholesale evacuation of Leningrad, 175; seeks to make common cause with Hitler, 182; war aims, 182; Western Allies fear separate peace with Germany, 200; and Russian religious revival, 299; directs New Year offensive (1942), 300; misjudges German aims (1942), 302; authorises strategic retreat from Voronezh, 303; and defence of Stalingrad, 303; delegates operational control in battle, 305, 308; appoints Zhukov Deputy Supreme Commander, 307; and Battle of Stalingrad, 309; appointed marshal, 320; successes, 322; not informed of Ultra, 368; orders frontal assaults after Kursk victory, 393; deports ethnic minorities, 496; amnesties Poles, 498; derides Western Allies for feebleness, 533; on pursuit of Germans, 546; welcomes Allied war in West, 588; sanctions pillage and rape by Red Army, 605, 629; final confrontation with Hitler, 608; claims capture of Berlin, 613; victory ceremony in Berlin, 630; promises attack on Manchuria, 646; incompatability with West, 659, 661; learns from mistakes, 662; consequences of policies, 665; controls Soviet military machine, 665; interferes with generals, 668; see also Soviet Russia
Stalingrad: German defeat, 165, 320–1, 380; German advance on, 302–3, 305–7; Zhukov takes command at, 307–8; Battle of (1942–3), 308–11, 315–18; casualties, 320–1; effect of victory on Red Army morale, 320
Stanford-Tuck, Bob, 84
Starczyński, Stefan, 11, 17, 22
Stark, Adm. Harold (‘Betty’), 185, 199
Starr, Lt.Col. George, 406
Starvation, Operation, 638
Stauffenberg, Col. Claus von, 551
Steinbeck, John, 184, 197, 336
Steinhilper, Ulrich, 85, 87, 89
Stevens, Kenneth, 348
Stewart, Ian, 122
Stilwell, Gen. Joseph, 223–4, 559–60, 634
Stimson, Henry Lewis, 187, 647
Stockwell, Laurie, 471
Stoneman, Eva, 403
Storrie, Col. Carl, 651
Straub, Ruth, 232
Street, Arthur, 29, 91
Striem, Solomon, 524
Strong, Maj. Gen. Kenneth, 591
Stroop, Lt.Cdr. Paul, 238–9
Stuka dive bombers (German), 82
Stülpnagel, Karl-Heinrich von, 511
Stumme, Georg von, 122
submarines: US effectiveness against Japan, 558–9, 640; see also U-boats
Suchcitz, Andrzej, 17
Suffolk, Charles Henry George Howard, 20th Earl of (‘Wild Jack’), 95–6
Sullivan, Mr and Mrs Thomas (of Waterloo, Iowa), 262
Sumatra: Churchill proposes operations in, 559
Sumiya, Lt., 216
Sun Li-jen, Gen., 223
Suner, Serrano, 112
Superfortress (US B-29 bomber), 637–9
Suppanz, Emmy, 576
Surcouf (French submarine), 80
Surkov, Lt., 395
Swaminadhan, Kashmi, 415
Sweden: iron ore supplies to Germany, 39, 49;
Molotov’s interest in, 98–9; neutrality, 398–9
Switzerland: neutrality, 398; wartime profits and appropriations, 399–400
Swordfish torpedo bombers, 285
Syfret, Vice-Adm. Edward, 295
Syria: French in, 107, 124–5; British occupation resisted, 125–8
T4 euthanasia programme (Nazi), 507
T-34 tanks (Soviet), 166–7, 179, 322, 381, 390
tactical air forces (Allied), 664
Tadao, Hayashi, 201
Tadimichi, Lt.Gen. Kuibayashi, 201
Takahashi, Maj. Shoji, 638, 651
Takenonori, Nakao, 644
Takeo, Kasuga, 642–3
Takushima, Norimitsu, 643
Takushiro, Col. Hattori, 672
tanks: in North African campaign, 129; in Battle of Kursk, 387–9; German superiority in Normandy, 540; see also T-34 tanks; Tiger tanks
Tapscott, Robert, 277
Taranto, Battle of (1940), 294
Tarasevichi, Russia, 384
Tarawa, Gilbert Islands, 436–8
Tarczyński, Piotr, 5, 7, 13
Tassarfonga Point (Pacific), 262
Tatsuro, Lt. Izumiya, 196, 220
Tedder, Air Marshal Sir Arthur, 667
Tehran conference (1943), 588
Telegin, Grigory, 385
Teller, Edward, 648
Temkin, Gabriel, 152
Tennant, Capt. William, 207
Tewes, Ernst, 160
Thach, Jimmy, 249–50
Thapa, Sherbadur, 457
Thiaroye, near Dakar, 411
Thomas, Sir Shenton, 203, 210
Thompson, Pfc ‘Red’, 329
Thorpe, Capt. Norman, 212
Thue, Col. David, 48
Tiger tanks (German), 445, 449, 540
Times, The: on sympathy for Poland, 17
Timoshenko, Gen. Semyon, 301
Tito, Marshal Josip Broz, 465–9, 629
Tobruk, 114–15, 128–9, 131, 137–8, 294, 364, 411
Todt, Fritz, 163
Toffey, Lt.Col. Jack, 456, 528
Tojo, Gen. Hideki, 195
Tokayer, Alfred, 404
Tokyo: bombed by USA, 237, 429, 638; war crimes trials, 672
Tolstukhin, Aleksei, 383
Tomlin, Christopher, 51
Tootle, Ensign Milton, 251
Tooze, Adam, 352, 483–4, 504
Topp, Erich, 278–9
Torch, Operation, 282, 298, 365, 375–6
Torgau, 612
Toru, Takase, 500
Tout, Ken, 541
Tovey, Adm. Sir John, 290
Toyoda, Adm. Soemu, 565–7
Trapp, Maj. Wilhelm, 521
Trevelyan, George Macaulay, 400
Triantafillos, Spyros, 117
Tripartite Pact (Germany–Italy–Japan, 1940), 112, 187, 193
Tripoli: falls to British, 375
True, Bill, 586
Truman, Harry S.: on US racketeering and profiteering, 230; and development of atom bomb, 647–8; fails to deliver ultimatum before use of A-bomb, 649–50; announces Japan’s unconditional surrender, 651; and European Jews, 674
Truscott, Gen. Lucian, 595, 667
Trutz, Hildegard, 619, 671
Tsapounis, Ahmet, 116
Tsuchi, Corp. Tominosuke, 212
Tsuchida, William, 586
Tsuji, Col. Masanobu, 209, 215–16, 263
Tu Lu Ming, Gen., 223
Tunis, 379
Tunisia, 375, 377
Tuominen, Arvo, 31
Turin, Italy: bombed, 491
Turing, Alan, 368
Turkey: neutrality, 398
Turner, Rear-Adm. Kelly, USN, 255–6
Tutt, Gunner Len, 115
Tzannetakis, George, 122
U-boats: as threat, 270, 272–3; war against, 272–3, 280; numbers, 273, 282; campaign, 274–5; types and equipment, 274; and Ultra intercepts, 275–6, 278, 283; employe
d in Mediterranean and Norway, 278, 294; sinkings, 278, 280–1, 283; successes on US east coast, 278–9; conditions and crews, 279; ‘wolf packs’, 279, 282–3; attacks on Atlantic convoys, 280–1; attacks on Arctic convoys, 293; new models, 483
Ukraine: in German strategy, 144–5; anti-Russian actions, 145; young women deported to Germany, 153; guerrilla fighters in, 156; welcomes Germans, 158, 405; Russians reoccupy, 392; and extermination of Jews, 511
Ultra intercepts: and Crete operation, 123; in Pacific war, 237, 244, 265, 267, 369, 566; of U-boat positions, 275–6, 278, 283; and PQ17 convoy, 290; in Mediterranean campaign, 298; aids Allies in North Africa, 367, 372, 378; as critical influence for Allies, 367–8; on German intentions in Italy, 443; on German evacuation of Sicily, 449; inadequate intelligence on effect of bombing of Germany, 483; and Hitler’s counter-attack plan in Normandy, 554; and German pessimism in autumn 1944, 577; on German strength at Arnhem, 579; on German Ardennes offensive, 591; and Slim’s Burma campaign, 633
Umberto, Crown Prince of Italy, 459
Umezu, Gen. Yoshijiro, 648
Unit 731 (Japanese biological warfare), 428–9, 672
United States of America: total casualties, xviii, 324–5, 670; shipping freed from British contraband searches, 39; industrial strength, 101, 663; enters war (December 1941), 165, 190, 197–8; view of war in Europe, 182–9; rearmament and conscription measures, 184; destroyers-for-bases deal with Britain, 186; isolationism, 186–7, 189–90; material aid for Britain, 186; embargoes on Japan, 188, 194; Japan attacks, 188, 191, 195–6; industrial disputes, 189; opposition to admitting foreign refugees, 189; and Japanese threat, 194; domestic values, 197–8; North African landings (November 1942) and campaign, 198, 282, 361, 366, 377–8; remoteness from conflict and privations, 198; gives priority to defeat of Germany, 199, 254; military assessments and plans, 199–200; shipbuilding, 199, 275, 284, 361; supplies China by Burma Road, 222; economic output, 228–9; popular response to war, 228–31; racketeering and profiteering, 229–30, 339; atrocities on Guadalcanal, 257–8; convoy escort duties, 276; shipping losses on east coast, 280; aid to Russia, 284, 293, 323; satisfaction with society, 335; food availability, 348–9; declines to send food to Europe, 351; women workers, 353–4; armaments production, 361; military build-up, 362–3; lacks faith in British Eighth Army, 365; intelligence sharing with Britain, 368; setbacks in North Africa, 377–8; detains Nisei Japanese, 400–1; readiness to make separate peace with Germany, 400; heterogeneity and national groups, 401–2; racism, 401–2; anti-imperialism, 407–8, 420, 664; behaviour of servicemen in India, 420–1; conduct of Pacific campaign, 432–8; supports Nationalist China, 432; commitment to war against Japan, 433; contribution to victory, 441, 663; favours early landings in France, 442; casualties in Italy, 453, 456; anti-Semitism, 516; popular view of Germans, 518; presses for invasion of Europe, 532; infantry weapons, 539–40; non-cooperation with Britain in Asia, 560; closes ring on Japan, 564; army’s behaviour in Europe, 587; army faces Ardennes offensive (winter 1944–5), 590–1; army meets Russians at Torgau, 612; war weariness, 641; develops atomic bomb, 647; low human cost of war, 662–3; operational relationship with British, 664
United States Army Air Force (USAAF): strategy in Pacific, 433; bomber offensive against Germany, 471–2, 480–2, 484, 486–7, 493; losses, 475, 484, 487, 492; strength, 481; bases in England, 491; bombs Japanese mainland, 637–9
United States Marine Corps: at Guadalcanal, 254–60, 263; strength increased, 260; casualties, 263, 644, 670; landing craft, 361; in Pacific, 363, 433, 436–7, 440, 565, 567–8, 570; qualities, 438; at Iwo Jima, 635–6; on Okinawa, 640–1, 644; achievements, 664
United States Navy: in Pacific, 236, 268; power, 240; torpedo inaccuracies, 240–1; quality of crews, 241–2; officer corps, 242; defeat at Savo, 255–7; Pacific strategy, 433, 436; growth, 435; number of planes, 481; dominance in Pacific, 558, 564; submarine successes and losses, 558–9; Japanese kamikaze attacks on, 636–7, 641–2, 644; and damage control, 637; achievements, 664; casualties, 670
VESSELS: Astoria (cruiser), 251, 255; Bagley (destroyer), 255; Bunker Hill (carrier), 644; Chicago (cruiser), 255; Enterprise (carrier), 196, 241, 244, 249, 253, 261, 644; Essex (carrier), 642; Franklin (carrier), 637; Hornet (carrier), 237, 242, 244, 247, 249, 251–3, 261; Intrepid (carrier), 644; Juneau (cruiser), 243, 262; Lexington (carrier), 237–40; Manila Bay (carrier), 573; Missouri (battleship), 652; North Carolina (battleship), 261; Paterson (destroyer), 255; Princeton (carrier), 658; Quincy (cruiser), 256; Saratoga (carrier), 261, 564; South Dakota (battleship), 262; Spearfish (submarine), 234; Vincennes (cruiser), 255; Wainwright (destroyer), 291; Washington (battleship), 262; Wasp (carrier), 261; Yorktown (carrier), 237–8, 240, 244–5, 249, 251–3
Uprichard, Sgt. Bill, 475
Uranus, Operation (Russia), 314–16
Urbanowicz, Witold, 5, 22
U Saw, 220
Ushijima, Gen. Mitsuru, 640
Ustaše (Croatia), 405, 465, 467, 469
Utah beach, Normandy, 534
V-weapons (Germany), 343, 486
Vallicella, Vittorio, 134–5, 137–8, 370–2, 374, 377
Vasilevsky, Marshal Aleksandr, 320, 383, 617, 668
Vass, Dénes, 600
Vatutin, Nikolai, 383, 405
Vavin, Nikolai, 169
VE-Day (8 May 1945), 630
Vendetta, HMAS (destroyer), 203
Veritable, Operation, 610
Vértessy, Col. János, 603
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, 448
Vienna, 618
Vierkom, Karl-Gottfried, 175
Vietminh movement (Indochina), 407
Vietnam, 407–8
Vistula, river, 613–14
Vlasov, Lt.Gen. Andrey, 300
Volga Germans: deported in Russia, 151
Volga river: freezes, 316
Völkischer Beobachter (Nazi newspaper), 14
Voronezh, 302–3, 315
Voroshilov, Gen. Kliment, 168–9
Vorster, John, 412
Wacht (German army newspaper), 585
Wade, Robert, 466
Wagner, Gen. Eduard, 70, 163, 504
Wainwright, Gen. Jonathan, 233–5
Walcheren, 584
Waldheim, Kurt, 671
Waldron, Lt.Cdr. John, 247–8
Wallenberg, Raoul, 602
Wallis, Barnes, 481
Walters, Anne-Marie, 406
Walther, SS Panzergrenadier Herbert, 556
Wannsee conference (1942), 519
war crimes: punishments for, 671–2
Warlimont, Gen. Walter, 98
Warsaw: destroyed and occupied by Germans, 17–20; Hitler visits, 22; ghetto, 509, 515, 522; uprising (1944), 549, 588
Washington summit (May 1943), 443
Waskow, Capt. Henry, 458
Watson, Lt. Robert, 639
Waugh, Evelyn, 8, 102, 343, 441
Wavell, Gen. Sir Archibald (later 1st Earl): Middle East command, 105; in Egypt, 107, 109; mounts offensive against Italians, 110–11; troops sent to Greece, 111; orders to Neame, 114; and evacuation of Greece, 122; and expedition to Iraq, 124; sends force to Syria, 125; failed offensive against Rommel, 128; loses Middle East command, 128; numbers of troops, 135; and defence and fall of Singapore, 212; and proposed shooting of Australian deserters, 213; dismisses army commanders in Burma, 222; unable to send reinforcements to Burma, 221; command in South-East Asia, 222; leaves Singapore, 236; on Bengal famine, 351; organises relief for Bengal famine, 424; offensive in Burma, 433
Wayman, Corp. George, 636
Weichs, Gen. Maximilian, Baron von, 303, 315, 551
Weinburg, Gerhard: A World at Arms, xix
Weinstein, Dr Alfred, 233
Welchman, Gordon, 368
Welles, Sumner, 665
Wells, Corp. Ira, 471
Wells, Rod, 413
Wellum, Geoffrey, 82, 470
Wenck, Gen. Walther, 623
West, Frazer, 565
West, Sgt. Hora
ce, 445
West Africa: recruits from, 410; see also Dakar Weygand, Gen. Maxime, 35, 55, 61, 63, 70
White, Lt. Peter, 327, 332, 607
Whitehead, Don, 534
Wick, Helmut, 83
Widdicombe, Wilbert, 277
Wiedling, Lt.Gen. Karl, 626
Wigram, Lt.Col. Lionel, 450
Wildcat fighters (US), 241, 248–9, 251
Wilhelm Gustloff (liner), 622
Willkie, Wendell, 181, 187
Wingate, Maj.Gen. Orde, 434, 634
Winn, Godfrey, 292
Winstanley, John, 561
Wissler, Denis, 86
Wolff, Gen. Karl, 630
Wolff-Monckeburg, Mathilde, 346, 450, 482, 489, 553, 576, 653
women: in Soviet Russia, 309, 311, 354–8; mobilised, 352–4; sexually exploited, 355, 357, 360; as agents in SOE, 358; in combat, 358; as nurses, 358; romances and sexual freedom, 359–60; violated by Japanese, 429–31; violated in Italy, 461; violated by Russians in Germany, 619–20, 627–8
Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF; Britain), 358–9
Wood, Edwin, 577
Wood, Jean, 345
Wood, Gen. Robert, 186
Woolrych, Col. Stanley, 406
Wurzburg scanner (German): stolen in raid at Bruneval, 325–6
Wylde, Maj., 213–4
Yalta conference (February 1945), 595–6, 611
Yamaguchi, Adm. Tamon, 252
Yamamoto, Adm. Isoroku, 193–4, 237, 243–5, 252–3, 262–3, 669
Yamashita, Gen. Tomoyuki, 209–10, 211, 213, 215–16, 235, 260, 574, 645, 669
Yanovichl, Belorussia, 394
Yokoyama, Lt.Col. Yosuke, 208
Young, Catherine Renee, 348
Yugoslavia: casualties, xvi, 465, 670; factions and ethnic conflicts, xix, 405, 465–9; Italy prepares to attack, 109; Germany occupies, 118–19, 465; women fighters, 358; conditions and people, 464; operations in, 464; partisan activities, 466–9; Axis atrocities in, 468–9; Tito gains control, 469; Russians occupy, 550; and retreat of German army, 608; Red Army excesses in, 629–30
Yukina, Vera, 147
Yushkevich, Lt., 168
Zagari, Bianca, 340–1
Zagari, Raffaele, 341
Zero (Japanese fighter plane): in Battle of Midway, 243, 248–50, 253; qualities, 474
Zhijia Shen, 428
Zhukov, Marshal Georgy: and German invasion of Russia, 143; command, 159, 162; and defence of Moscow, 160, 162; doctrine of non-retreat, 166; reinforced, 166; advises Stalin against extending offensive operations, 167; replaces Voroshilov at Leningrad, 168–9; recalled from Leningrad, 173; favours narrow front, 177; defeats Japanese in Nomonhan Incident (1939), 192; appointed Deputy Supreme Commander, 307; takes command at Stalingrad, 307–8; revisits Leningrad, 313; Uranus offensive (November 1942), 315–16; promoted marshal, 320; offensive towards Dnieper, 383; counter-attacks at Kursk, 390–1; encircles Germans on Dnieper west bank, 525; Operation Bagration offensive, 527, 546; advance into Germany, 608; assault on Berlin, 615, 621–2, 623–5; qualities, 668
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