Politz, Germany, 475
Pongratsch, Col. von, 20
Poppel, Martin, 145, 317, 444–5, 535, 545, 608
Port Moresby, Papua, 237, 240, 263, 265
Portal, Marshal of the RAF Sir Charles (later Viscount), 228, 476, 481, 484
Portes, Hélène de, 70
Portugal: neutrality, 398
Potentilla (Norwegian corvette), 280–2
Pound, Adm. Sir Dudley: and Arctic convoys, 285, 291
Powell, Anthony, 343
Pozdnyakov, Semyon, 617
Poznánski, Arthur, 342
PQ16 (Arctic convoy), 290
PQ17 (Arctic convoy): dispersed and destroyed, 290–3
PQ18 (Arctic convoy), 292
Prague: Russians capture, 630
Primosole bridge, Sicily, 446–7
prisoners of war: German exploitation of, 504–6; return to Britain at war’s end, 655–6
promotions (of service leaders), 326
prostitution: increase, xviii; in Italy, 350
Pruller, Lt. Wilhelm, 4
Pujji, Mahender Singh, 417
Purama Quila, India, 420
Putin, Vladimir, 666
Pyle, Ernie, 95, 231, 335, 474
Quebec conference (September 1943), 451
Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, 85
Quezon, Manuel L., 231
Quisling, Vidkun, 45–6
Rabaul, New Britain, 236, 433, 435, 439
Raczyński, Count Edward, 2, 16
radar: developed, 82
Raeder, Adm. Erich: on German naval weakness, 41, 273; and invasion of Norway, 42; Mediterranean strategy, 98
Rainbow 5, Plan (US), 199
Rajagopalachari, Chakravarthi, 418
Ramsay, Vice-Adm. Bertram: organises
Dunkirk evacuation, 65; naval command for invasion of Europe, 532
Randle, Maj. John, 221, 646
Rangoon, 635, 659
Raspilair, Marine Joseph, 636
Rathbone, Michael, 543
Raymond, Bob, 363
Raynes, Reg, 479
Red Army: and German invasion, 142–3; conscripts and recruits, 151–2; equipment, 152; remains unbroken, 155, 158; casualties, 158, 547–8; reforms (autumn 1942), 308; advances (1943), 321, 394; dominance as ground force, 450; supports Tito in Yugoslavia, 469; mass methods, 546–7; skill in night fighting, 546; conditions and performance, 547–8; advance (summer 1944), 548–50, 589; reaches Berlin, 595; behaviour in Budapest, 604–5; meets Americans at Torgau, 612; captures Berlin, 613; behaviour in Germany, 616–20, 627–8, 629; final assault on Berlin, 621–5; compared with German army, 668; see also Soviet Russia
Redkin, Nikolai, 161
Reeve, Bill, 203
Rego family (of Burma), 218–19
Reichardt, Axel, 172
Reichenau, Gen. Walter von, 511
Reichswald forest, 586
Rejewski, Marian, 367
Remagen, 611
Repington, Col. Charles à Court, xx
Reporter, Piloo, 417
resistance groups and partisans: in France, 126–7, 403; in Soviet Russia, 154–5, 391, 546; in Albania, 406; effectiveness, 406; in Italy, 455, 459–60; in Yugoslavia, 466–9
Reston, James: Prelude to Victory, 228
Reynaud, Paul: succeeds Daladier as prime minister, 41; and Norway campaign, 50; replaces Gamelin with Weygand, 61; Churchill meets in France, 63; and German advance in France, 63; moves government to Château de Chissay, 70
Rhine, river: Allied advance on, 577–8; Allies cross, 586, 611
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 8
Rice, Capt. (of Otari), 278
Rice, Tilly, 23
Richardson, Brig. Frank, 538
Richelieu (French battleship), 125
Richey, Paul, 69, 78
Ricketts, Lt. Milton, 239
Riefkohl, Capt. Frederick, USN, 255–6
Riga: Jews shot, 511
Ringer, Panzergrenadier Lt. Ralph, 114
Rink, Herbert, 556–7
Ritchie, Gen. Neil, 136, 364
Robinett, Blair, 234
Rochefort, Cdr. Joseph, 244–5, 253, 369
Rockwell, Norman, 353
Rohland, Walter, 163
Rokossovsky, Gen. Konstantin, 165–7, 384, 389, 608, 615, 623, 668
Roller, Josef, 576
Romania: Soviet deportations from, 75; Germany occupies, 115, 117; oilfields, 117, 463, 487; troops in war against Russia, 315; anti-Semitism, 510, 514; Russians occupy, 550; casualties, 600, 670
Rome: falls to Allies, 530
Rommel, Gen. Erwin: in German advance in France (1940), 62; commands Afrika Korps, 111, 114; threatens Egypt, 115, 306, 365; Cunningham forces to retreat, 128–9; repels Wavell’s offensive, 128; reputation, 130, 138; counter-offensive (January–June 1942), 136–8; shipping losses and fuel shortages, 271, 365–6; over-ambition, 366; retreats from El Alamein, 372, 375; in Tunisia, 378; leaves Africa, 378; Egyptian popular support for, 414; qualities, 668
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 189, 401
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: and Jewish suffering, xvii; faith in Britain prevailing, 30; and US reluctance to participate in war, 183–90; stands for and wins third presidential term (1940), 184, 187; broadcasts warning of effects of Nazi victory, 190; and oil embargo on Japan, 195–6, 432; and attack on Pearl Harbor, 195–6; Churchill meets in Washington: (June 1942), 138; (December 1941), 199; orders MacArthur to leave Philippines for Australia, 233; on U-boat threat, 275; supports Allied supplies for Russia, 284, 295; accepts Churchill’s Mediterranean strategy, 364; decrees Torch landings in North Africa, 375; attitude to race, 401; anti-imperialism, 420; disparages MacArthur, 439; granted choice of when to invade, 442; meets Karski, 516; overrules Churchill on bombing of French targets, 531; delays invasion of Europe, 533; unable to restrain MacArthur, 575; death, 647; and Russian alliance, 661; achievements, 663
Rosenberg, Alfred, 510, 513
Rosie the Riveter (iconic US figure), 353–4
Rostov, 320
Rotmistrov, Pavel, 389
Roton, Gen. Gaston René Eugène, 57
Rowberry, Ivor, 582
Roy, M.N., 417
Royal Air Force: Polish airmen, 23; early actions, 26; actions and losses at Dunkirk, 66–7; Fighter Command in Battle of Britain, 80–8, 101; losses in Battle of Britain, 85, 87, 89; Bomber Command losses against invasion barges, 87, 90; dominance in Mediterranean, 105; strategic bombing offensive, 200, 270, 363, 470–2, 475–6, 480–2, 486; Coastal Command, 273; inadequate air cover for shipping, 275; losses defending Malta, 298; employs German-speaking women, 358; gains strength in North Africa, 366–7; aircrews’ experience, 470–2, 477–8; non-operational casualties, 472; aircrew survival rates, 474; casualties and losses, 475, 478, 492; mental strain on aircrew, 478–9; pre-invasion bombing in France, 485; achievements, 663
Royal Canadian Navy, 283
Royal Navy: and German invasion of Norway, 43–4; and evacuation of Norway, 51; losses in Norway, 52; in Dunkirk evacuation, 65–6; as line of defence, 80; evacuates troops from Greece and Crete, 120, 123; and guarantee of supplies to Britain, 269; ships and technology, 270; early shortage of escorts, 273; convoy escort duties, 276; and protection of Arctic convoys, 293; actions in Mediterranean, 294; losses defending Malta, 298; role in last two years of war, 298; achievements, 663
VESSELS: Acanthus (corvette), 280; Barham (battleship), 294; Bramble (minesweeper), 292; Cairo (anti-aircraft cruiser), 296; Carlisle (cruiser), 271; Dorset (cruiser), 297; Duke of York (battleship), 293; Eagle (carrier), 295; Edinburgh (cruiser), 288, 292; Eglantine (corvette), 280–1; Exeter (cruiser), 217; Fame (destroyer), 280–2; Foresight (destroyer), 296; Furious (carrier), 295–6; Glorious (carrier), 52; Hood (battlecruiser): sunk, 270, 327; Illustrious (carrier), 294; Indomitable (carrier), 295–6; Ithuriel (destroyer), 296; Kenya (cruiser), 296; King George V (battleship), 286, 288; Matabele (destroyer), 287; Matchless (destroyer), 272; Montbretia (corvette), 280; Nelson (battleship), 295, 297
; Nigeria (cruiser), 296; Queen Elizabeth (battleship), 294; Repulse (battlecruiser), 206–7; Resolution (battleship), 125; Rodney (battleship), 295; Seton (assault ship), 650; Sheffield (cruiser), 285; Trinidad (cruiser), 288–9; Unbroken (submarine), 297; Valiant (battleship), 294; Victorious (carrier), 294–5; Viscount (destroyer), 280–2; Wolverine (destroyer), 296
Rubarth, Sgt. Walther, 56, 159
Rubis (French submarine), 125
Rudnicki, Klemens, 19–20
Ruge, Gen. Otto, 46, 50
Ruggeri, Elide, 460–1
Ruhr: bombed, 482, 484
Ruhr dams: bombed, 481–2
Rundstedt, Field Marshal Gerd von: Manstein serves under, 19; and German advance into France, 58, 68; in Russian campaign, 148; dismissed in Russia, 176; withdrawal from Bulge (January 1945), 530; commands against Allied invasion forces, 533; succeeds von Kluge as C. in C. in France, 557; Kesselring succeeds, 611; qualities, 668
Russia see Soviet Russia
Russian Liberation Army (Cossacks), 300
Rutherford, Edie, 345, 655
Rydz-migły, Marshal Edward, 12, 15
Rzhev salient, Russia, 176–7, 384
Saarland: French occupy (1939), 11
Sadat, Anwar, 414, 421
Sadoul, Georges, 27
Saghal, Capt. Prem K., 214
St Nazaire: raid (1942), 326
St Paul’s Cathedral, London: struck by unexploded bomb, 97
Saipan, 567–8
Sajer, Guy, 383–4, 589, 618
Saldanha, George, 226
Saldhana, Jose, 226
Salerno, Italy: landings, 334, 451–4, 531
Samoilov, David, 139, 547
Samokhvalov, Pvt., 393
Sandeman, Capt. Arthur, 223
Santa Cruz (Pacific), 261
Sapieha, Princess Paul (Virgilia), 6, 23
Sapir, Estelle, 399
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 27
Sauberzweig, Karl-Gustav, 405
Saumur: cadets resist Germans, 71–2
Saurma, Lt. Tony, 610
Savarkar, Veer Damodar, 417
Savo island: US naval defeat, 255–7, 261
Say, Rosemary, 76, 342
Scheldt estuary, 582–4
Schlesinger, Arthur, 198, 229, 517, 656
Schlesinger, Elizabeth, 198
Schmid, Col. ‘Beppo’, 82
Schmidt, Bernice, 346
Schmuckle, Gerd, 626
Schneider, Helga, 625
Schnorkel (German submarine air-replenishment system), 274
Schönbeck, Hans-Erdmann, 156
Schoo, Donald, 336, 589
Schörner, Gen. Ferdinand, 526
Schrodek, Panzer Lt. Gustav, 167
Schröder, Capt. Rolf-Helmut, 326, 525, 553, 594
Schwanenflügel, Dorothea von, 624
Schwerin von Krosigk, Johann Ludwig, Graf von (Lutz von Krosigk), 191
Scott, Col. Robert, 562
Seabrook, Maj. Belford, 349
Sealion, Operation: postponed, 92
Sebastian, Mihail, 11, 111, 128, 143, 147, 337, 514, 658
Sebelev, Pyotr, 622
Second Front: delayed, 303–4; see also Normandy
Sedan, 57
Seeckt, Gen. Hans von, 70
Seeds, Sir William, 15
Selective Service Act (US, 1940), 185
Selerie, Peter, 543
Senger und Etterlin, Gen. Fridolin von, 529
Serbia: Jews and gypsies killed, 518
Serbs: Croats persecute, 465, 467
Sevareid, Eric, 185
Sevastopol, 300–1, 304, 526
Seversky, Maj. Alexander, 473
Sexwale, Frank, 412
Shabalin, Maj. Ivan, 160
Shabolsky, Professor Yan, 171
Shaw, Irwin: The Young Lions, 515
Sherbrooke, Cdr. Robert, VC, 292
Sherwood, Robert, 184, 186
ships: new designs, 361
Shirer, William, 9
Sho-Go, Operation, 571, 574
Short, Lt.Gen. Walter, 196
Shostakovich, Dmitry, 173, 314
Showers, Col., 457
Siamese Prince (cargo liner), 277
Sicily: Allies invade (July 1943), 391, 442, 444–7; Germans evacuate, 448–9; outcome and lessons, 449–50, 531
Siegel, Grete, 490
Siegfried Line, 17
Sierra Leone, 409–10
Siialsvuo, Col. Hjalmar, 33
Sikorski, Gen. Władysław, 516
Simon, Irma, 524
Simpson, F/Lt. Bill, 57
Simpson, Gen. William Hood, 610–11
Sinclair, Capt. (Ashanti district commissioner), 409
Singapore: pre-war life in, 202; bombed, 203; falls to Japanese, 211–15
Singh, Jaswal (‘Tiger’), 417
Singh, Gen. Mohan, 422
Singh, Lt. Shiv, 422
Sivolobov (Russian partisan leader), 391
Skillett, Gladys, 340
Skopina, Dr Sof’ya, 299
Skorzeny, Otto, 448, 592
Skryabina, Elena, 170, 172
lzak, George, 7, 14
lzak family, 500
Sledge, Marine Eugene, 330–1
Slesarev, Alexander, 392
Slesarev, Vasily, 153
Slessor, Air Marshal John, 228
Slim, Gen. William: resists Japanese advance in Burma, 223; retreats over Irrawaddy, 224; on Japanese fighting qualities, 260; and British actions in Burma, 560–1, 563–4; reputation and popularity, 563; recaptures Burma, 633–5, 645; meets Aung San, 635; qualities, 667
Slovakia: Jews in, 522, 524
Smersh: reports on Kursk battle, 390; anti-collaborator actions, 526
Smith, Lt.Gen. Holland, 568
Smith, Howard, 98
Smith, Gen. Walter Bedell: hatred of Montgomery, 584
Smolensk, 148, 159, 395
Smorczewski, Ralph and Mark, 6
Smuts, Field Marshal Jan Christian, 412
Smyth, Maj.Gen. Sir John, 221–2
Snow, Edgar, 427
Soddu, Gen. Ubaldo, 116
Solak, B.J., 6
Solomon Islands, 254, 437; see also East
Solomons
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 627
Somaliland, 108, 110
Somervell, Gen. Brehon, 349
Somerville, Adm. Sir James, 81, 667
Sorge, Richard, 160
Sorpe dam, 481–2
Sosnkowska, Jadwiga, 18
Sotnik, Misha, 385–6
South Africa: troops in North Africa, 132, 137; coloured and black recruits, 411; treatment of Indians, 418
South America: remoteness from war, 398; Nazi refugees in, 671
Soviet Russia: agrees to partition of Poland, 2; non-aggression pact with Germany (1939), 2–3; occupies eastern Poland (1939), 15–16; deportations and atrocities in Poland, 21; invades Finland, 31–7; Finnish armistice, 37; and effect of fall of France, 74–5; rearmament, 75, 141; Germany plans invasion, 93, 97–100, 113; as cultural threat to Germany, 139–40; Germans invade, 139, 143–5, 661; German treatment of, 141–2, 149, 153, 180; German strategy in, 142, 177–8; repressive regime, 142–3; military strength and deployment, 143–4, 302; sends material aid to Germany, 143; early German successes and advance, 145–8, 156–8, 165; atrocities against Germans, 149; executions for supposed cowardice or desertion, 150, 169, 179, 310, 337; patriotic enthusiasm and resolution, 151, 156, 179–82; factories evacuated to east, 152; Jews slaughtered by Nazis, 152–3; total mobilisation, 152–3; ethnic deportations, 153; wartime industrial output, 153, 302, 662; casualties, 153, 177, 181, 324–5, 382, 395, 441, 547, 669; partisan movement and actions, 154–5, 391, 546; German collaborators in, 155; difficult terrain and weather, 160–1, 165–6; Hitler speculates on breach with Western Powers, 164; inept tactics, 166; mounts offensive (December 1942), 166–7; condition of German soldiers in, 175; Model repels Red Army, 176; prisoners of war ill-treated by Germans, 178, 505, 510; quality of artillery, 178;
underestimated by Germans, 179; ruthlessness, 179; British popular support and admiration for, 181–2; neutrality pact with Japan (1941), 192; skirmish with Japan (Nomonhan Incident, 1939), 192; and US war plans, 199–200; Allied supplies to, 200, 269, 284, 293, 304, 322–3; size of battlefields and forces, 236; Arctic convoys to, 284–90; unwelcoming reception of visiting Allied sailors, 293; religious revival, 299; renewed German gains, 300–1; German rations in, 301–2; releases prisoners for war service, 302; soldiers’ suffering, 304; Western view of military situation, 304–5; secretive and uncooperative nature, 305; defeats under Budyonny (August 1942), 306; German setbacks (autumn 1942–spring 1943), 307, 320; low civilian morale, 307; women in action and work, 309, 311, 354–6, 358; stoicism, 319; advance against Germans, 320, 394–6, 548–50; armaments output, 322, 381; civilians’ reaction to war, 338; agricultural inefficiency and food shortages, 349; Ultra intelligence passed to, 368; view of North African campaign, 376; civilians’ conditions and shortages, 381; middle-rank military weaknesses, 382; children’s sufferings, 384–5; soldiers’ anger at German depredations, 385; army deserters, 386; ignorance of war in remote areas, 400; recruits from Asian republics, 400; campaign in Manchuria (1945), 438; dominant contribution to victory, 441; criticises Western Allies’ sluggish ground campaigns, 450; air force effectiveness, 474; gulag and prison camps, 496–7; anti-Semitism, 514–15; renews assaults in north (winter 1943–4), 525; deception operations, 527; fighting qualities, 544; refuses to support Warsaw uprising, 588; winter offensive (1944–5), 590, 597; attack on Budapest, 599–601; casualties in Budapest, 605; captures Berlin, 613; joins war against Japan, 646, 650; displaced persons in, 654; repression at war’s end, 654–5; deaths in immediate post-war period, 657; post-war antagonism with West, 659; Churchill welcomes as ally, 661; dominates Eastern Europe, 661, 665; achieves war aims, 665; see also Red Army; Stalin, Josef
Spaatz, Gen. Carl (‘Tooey’), 637, 651
Spain: remains neutral, 111–14, 398
Spanish Civil War: German Condor Legion in, 473
special forces, 325
Special Operations Executive (SOE): women agents, 358; in Albania, 406; in Yugoslavia, 466
Spectator (journal), 335
Speer, Albert, 480, 483, 621
Spicer, Tom, 92
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