by Foster, R E
367 The Standard, 25 December 1844; Morning Post, 5 October 1838; 7th Duke of Wellington (ed.), Wellington and his Friends, pp. 133–4, Wellington to Lady Wilton, 23 April 1840.
368 Morning Post, 9 July 1844.
369 W. Siborne, History of the War in France and Belgium in 1815 (5th edition, 1900), preface and pp. 594–9.
370 G. Gleig, Story of the Battle of Waterloo, (1875 edition), pp. iii–iv, 252.
371 Hampshire Advertiser, 3 July 1847; Siborne, History of the War in France and Belgium in 1815 (3rd edition, 1848), pp. ix–xxvii.
372 Stanhope, pp. 121, 245; Ellesmere, pp. 98–9; Roberts, Napoleon and Wellington, chapters 15–16.
373 Ellesmere, p. 211; Roberts, Napoleon and Wellington, pp. 269–71; Glover, Letters, p. 80, Cotton to Siborne, 7 September 1845.
374 The Era, 29 September 1839; Roberts, Napoleon and Wellington, pp. 263–5.
375 The Times, 18 February 1840 names Macdonell & Fraser as the beneficiaries. Corporal Graham and Private Lister have also been suggested as part recipients. Wellington also singled out the defence of Hougoumont for special mention at the 1851 Waterloo banquet.
376 WP2/35/1, Gurwood to Wellington, 1 August 1835. Ellesmere, pp. 82–3, 90, 234; Clausewitz’s History of the Campaign was published posthumously in Prussia in 1835. He was chief of staff to Thielemann’s III corps in 1815.
377 WP2/93/17, Wellington to Gurwood, 4 October 1842; Ellesmere, pp. 190–235; Roberts, Napoleon and Wellington, pp. 278–9; Quarterly Review, September 1842, October 1843 & June 1845.
378 Ellesmere, pp. 185–235. These include some final notes of September 1851.
379 Ellesmere, pp. 192, 210.
380 Fraser, pp. 45–7, 75.
381 M. Slater, Charles Dickens, pp. 53, 104; M. De Lancey, A Week at Waterloo, pp. 58–62, Dickens to Hall, 16 March 1841. Lady De Lancey was widow of Sir William.
382 C. Dickens, The Christmas Books, pp. 135–8.
383 Thackeray, Works, XVI, pp. 331–6; Vanity Fair, pp. 325, 806.
384 Vanity Fair, chapters 26–35, especially pp. 313, 341–5, 384–8.
385 Semmel, ‘Reading the Tangible Past’, pp. 27–8; Thackeray, Works, XVI, p. 336.
386 Morning Post, 22 April 1839; Semmel, ‘Reading the Tangible past’, p. 26; Thackeray, Works, XVI, p. 333.
387 Bristol Mercury, 23 July 1836; Morning Post, 22 April 1839; Cotton, Voice from Waterloo, pp. 25, 28.
388 Uffindell & Corum, Fields of Glory, pp. 281–9; Morning Post, 22 April 1839; Cotton, Voice from Waterloo, pp. 25, 28.
389 Morning Chronicle, 3 January 1833; Morning Post, 22 April 1839; Belfast Newsletter, 7 July 1843.
390 B. Elmer, ‘Dialogue at Waterloo’, Waterloo Journal, XVIII, August 1996, pp. 13–6; Wellington, Iconography, p. 68; The London Dispatch, 6 January 1839.
391 From Wordsworth’s sonnet, ‘On a Portrait of the Duke of Wellington upon the field of Waterloo’, by Haydon, lines 1–10.
392 Aberdeen Journal, 14 July 1847; The Times, 3 July 1849.
393 Liverpool Mercury, 2 October 1835; Hampshire Advertiser, 20 February 1836; The Times, 30 June 1836.
394 The Times, 12 June 1843.
395 Bradford Observer, 25 September 1845.
396 Morning Post, 17 September 1833, 13 September 1838 & 30 June 1843.
397 The Times, 5 September 1844.
398 The Times, 29 February 1836 & 9 March 1839.
399 Morning Post, 30 December 1845.
400 The Standard, 13 June 1837; Caledonian Mercury, 1 July 1837; Manchester Times, 23 September 1837; The Times, 8 April 1846 & 2 June 1852.
401 Worcester Journal, 21 June 1838.
402 Manchester Times, 22 June 1833; Northern Star, 7 July 1840; York Herald, 30 June 1849.
403 Leicester Chronicle, 10 May 1845.
404 York Herald, 30 June 1849; N. Edsall, Richard Cobden, chapter 17.
405 Sheffield Independent, 3 July 1841.
406 The Examiner, 14 June 1835; Hampshire Advertiser, 23 June 1838; The Times, 17 June 1836; Freeman’s Irish Journal, 19 June 1838. The Waterloo Cup, last run in 2005, fell victim to the 2004 Hunting Act.
407 The Times, 3 July 1840 & 22 March 1842; The Standard, 2 April 1844.
408 Morning Post, 5 November 1846.
409 Thackeray, Works, XVI, p. 336; Essex Standard, 1 July 1836; Bristol Mercury, 20 June 1835; Morning Post, 4 October 1840.
410 Caledonian Mercury, 7 May 1840; The Times, 21 June 1838; Newcastle Courant, 21 June 1844. The station became ‘Waterloo’ in 1886.
411 Bury and Norwich Post, 19 November 1834 & 24 June 1840.
412 Preston Guardian, 20 June 1846.
413 The Times, 14 August 1845; Thackeray, Works, p. 335.
414 Caledonian Mercury, 5 March 1846; Lloyd’s Weekly London Newspaper, 29 June 1845; PD, 3rd series, LXXXIV, 2 March 1846, cols. 418–19.
415 Northern Star, 28 June 1845; Thackeray, Works, pp. 335–6.
416 Morning Post, 20 June 1836; Hull Packet, 26 June 1840; The Times, 19 June 1841; Morning Chronicle, 20 June 1843.
417 Morning Post, 21 June 1837; Greville, Memoirs 1837–1852, II, p. 15.
418 Morning Chronicle, 19 June 1845.
419 The Times, 19 June 1849, 19 June 1850 & 19 June 1852.
420 Essex Standard, 28 June 1844.
421 Derby Mercury, 2 September 1835; Morning Post, 21 June 1837. In 1836, Lady Burghersh commissioned William Salter to immortalise the event in oils. The painting was completed in 1841.
422 The Times, 7 December 1840; The Standard, 10 October 1844.
423 The Times, 18 June 1844 & 19 June 1852.
424 Morning Post, 18 June 1841; Ellesmere, p. 89.
425 Exeter Flying Post, 7 June 1838; Morning Chronicle, 2 August 1838.
426 Manchester Times, 22 November 1845; Essex Standard, 9 July 1841.
427 Derby Mercury, 17 December 1845; Morning Post, 29 January 1846; Greville, Memoirs 1837–1852, II, pp. 341, 350–1.
428 Aberdeen Journal, 21 February 1838; R. Foster, ‘Mr Punch and the Iron Duke’, History Today (May 1984), pp. 36–42.
429 Lloyd’s Weekly London News, 18 January 1846; Greville, Memoirs 1837–1852, I, p. 262.
430 Dundee Courier, 7 October 1845; E. Ashley, The Life of Henry John Temple, Lord Palmerston, II, pp. 177–8; Leicester Chronicle, 12 May 1849.
6. Victorians Remember: Wellington and Waterloo Reassessed 1852–1901
431 Shelley, II, p. 308; G. Story, K. Tillotson & N. Burgis (eds.), The Letters of Charles Dickens, VI, p. 821, Dickens to Messrs Macmillans, 10–15 Dec 1852.
432 R. Foster, ‘Bury the Great Duke’ in Woolgar (ed.), Wellington Studies V, pp. 299–328.
433 Dickens, p. 805, note 1; Preston Guardian, 13 November 1852.
434 J. Wolffe, Great Deaths, pp. 38–9; Roberts, Napoleon and Wellington, pp. 283–7.
435 Thomas Cooper, The Life of Thomas Cooper, pp. 330, 333.
436 Glasgow Herald, 27 September 1852.
437 The Examiner, 23 October 1852; The Times, 15 & 16 September 1852; I. Brunskill & A. Sanders (eds.), Great Victorian Lives, pp. vii–xiii.
438 Bristol Mercury, 28 November 1840; Hampshire Chronicle, 25 September 1852; Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 18 September 1852.
439 A. Lambert, The Immortal and the Hero, p. 18; The Times, 10 November 1852.
440 Dickens, pp. 764–5, Dickens to Angela Burdett-Coutts, 23 September 1852.
441 P. Hawker, Diary, II, p. 349.
442 The Examiner, 18 September 1852; Daily News, 22 October 1852; The Times, 18 September 1852.
443 The Standard, 6 November 1852; Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, 25 September & 14 November 1852.
444 Morning Post, 18 November 1852; The Standard, 21 October 1852.
445 The Era, 12 June 1853; Glasgow Herald, 13 June 1853; Manchester Times, 15 June 1853.
446 York Herald, 25 June 1853; Essex Standard, 24 June 1853.
447 Belfast Newsletter, 21 June 1854 & 19 June 1856; Morning Post, 23 June 1855.<
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448 The Times, 9 July 1853, 16 November & 30 December 1854.
449 Hull Packet, 29 June 1855; Cheshire Observer, 30 June 1855; PD, 3rd series, CXXXVIII, 18 June 1855, col. 2,149.
450 Fraser, p. 173.
451 F. Roberts, The Rise of Wellington, pp. 175–6, 184; D. Chandler & I. Beckett (eds.), The Oxford History of the British Army, chapters 8–9. Sir Garnet Wolseley was supposedly the subject of Gilbert’s caricature in the Pirates of Penzance.
452 Morning Post, 22 June 1858; Morning Chronicle, 22 June 1858; Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, 19 June 1859.
453 Leicester Chronicle, 22 June 1861; Worcester Journal, 21 June 1862; Bury and Norwich Post, 23 June 1863; Mercer, Journal, pp. 191–3, 397–8.
454 Preston Guardian, 25 June 1853, 24 June 1854 & 21 June 1856; Blackburn Standard, 27 June 1855.
455 Preston Guardian, 19 June 1861.
456 The Times, 23 August 1856; http://pmsa.cch.kcl.ac.uk/MR/MR-MCR11.htm.
457 The Times, 31 January 1859 & 20 June 1870.
458 Longford, Years of the Sword, pp. 16–7; Nottinghamshire Guardian, 23 September 1852; The Times, 2 February 1857 & 24 June 1885; Leeds Mercury, 19 July 1865. PD, 3rd series, XXVIII, 12 June 1835, col. 710.
459 The Standard, 28 June 1847; The Times, 1 May 1863; J. Ramsden, Don’t Mention the War, p. 17.
460 North Wales Chronicle, 20 May 1865; Liverpool Mercury, 2 June 1865; York Herald, 1 July 1865.
461 Worcester Journal, 17 June 1865; Leeds Weekly, 25 June 1865; The Times, 4 July 1865.
462 Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, 20 June 1865; Leeds Mercury, 21 June 1865; Lancaster Gazette, 24 June 1865.
463 Hope Pattison, Personal Recollections, pp. 1–2.
464 The Times, 27 June 1865.
465 Hugo, Les Misérables, pp. 313–20.
466 The Times, 20 June 1864, 18 June 1875, 18 June 1880 & 18 June 1885.
467 The Times, 20 June 1887, 26 February & 28 October 1891.
468 Liverpool Mercury, 3 June 1867; Nottinghamshire Guardian, 22 June 1877.
469 The Times, 26 April 1853; Derby Mercury, 13 June 1855; Essex Standard, 5 May 1857.
470 Daily News, 19 June 1867; The Standard, 17 June 1870; The Times, 20 April 1872. Wellington’s friend, Alava, had also been at Trafalgar, albeit on the ‘wrong’ side!
471 Birmingham Daily News, 20 June 1870; Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, 19 June 1872; Leicester Chronicle, 22 June 1872; Lancaster Gazette, 28 June 1873; Preston Guardian, 21 June 1879.
472 The Times, 15 September 1871 & 15 June 1883, 17 June 1933; Dundee Courier, 17 July 1874; Pall Mall Gazette, 24 June 1889.
473 The Times, 19 June 1880, 14 December 1885 & 6 June 1889.
474 The Sphere, 5 January 1901. There are also unsubstantiated claims that Robert Lyons, who died aged 103 in November 1902, was at Waterloo. See Salford City Reporter, 22 November 1902. I am grateful to David and Janet Bromley for answering queries on this matter.
475 The Times, 18 January 1872 & 11 September 1884.
476 The Times, 25 May 1869.
477 P. Usherwood, ‘Lady Butler’, ODNB, IX, pp. 131–2.
478 The Times, 17 June 1882, 6 December 1887, 24 March 1888, 25 December 1889 & 27 August 1890.
479 The Times, 28 August 1890; Uffindell & Corum, Fields of Glory, pp. 261–7.
480 Hugo, Les Misérables, pp. 296–7, 316; Semmel, ‘Reading the Tangible Past’, p. 27.
481 Hugo, Les Misérables, pp. 281–2, 316; Birmingham Daily Post, 28 June 1870.
482 Birmingham Daily Post, 28 June 1870; The Times, 16 September 1869; C. Tomalin, Thomas Hardy, pp. 158–9. Cotton’s family finally sold the hotel and dispersed his incomparable collection at auction in 1909.
483 Fraser, pp. 247–78.
484 Fraser, pp. 250–4; The Times, 21 June 1973.
485 The Times, 6 December 1881 & 19 June 1890. The Anglo-German Agreements, the chief parts of which involved Britain surrendering Heligoland in exchange for a free hand in Zanzibar, were formally signed on 1 July.
486 The Times, 6 December 1881, 12 January 1900 & 19 June 1906; North-Eastern Daily Gazette, 18 June 1900.
487 The Times, 30 December 1854 & 6 July 1865; Ramsden, Don’t Mention the War, chapters 1–2.
488 The Times, 7 August 1889, 19 June 1890 & 19 June 1895.
489 Sir H. Maxwell, The Life of Wellington, II, p. 90; J. Wellesley, Wellington, pp. 167–74; Fraser, p. 156.
490 The Times, 28 April 1860, 5 & 7 November 1862, 27 June 1865.
491 Hugo, Les Misérables, pp. 279–324; Uffindell & Corum, Fields of Glory, pp. 194–6.
492 Hugo, Les Misérables, pp. 280, 297–8, 302, 311–3.
493 Hugo, Les Misérables, especially pp. 286–8, 306, 313–5.
494 Gronow, Reminiscences, p. 181; The Times, 6 August 1862.
495 M. Gleig (ed.), Reminiscences of the First Duke of Wellington, pp. 25–7; Gleig, Life of Wellington, second edition, pp. v–vii; third edition, p. viii.
496 Gleig, Life of Wellington, second edition, pp. 318–21.
497 M. Foot, ‘Sir James Shaw Kennedy’, ODNB, XXXI, pp. 249–51; J. Shaw Kennedy, Notes on the Battle of Waterloo, pp. 152–3, 168–79.
498 J. Falkner, ‘Charles Cornwallis Chesney’, ODNB, XI, p. 325; C. Chesney, Waterloo Lectures, pp. v–vi, 3–4, 16, 136–7, 165–7, 209–14; Bradford Observer, 10 December 1868.
499 H. Siborne, Waterloo Letters, p. xiii.
500 Fraser, pp. 36–7, 202, 275–8, 344.
501 C. Hibbert, ‘Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville’, XXIII, ODNB, pp. 780–2; Arbuthnot, I, pp. 300–1; Greville, Memoirs 1837–1852, II, pp. 192–4, 223.
502 Greville, Memoirs 1818–1830, I, pp. 39–40; Memoirs 1830–1837, II, p. 305; Memoirs 1837–1852, I, pp. 135–7.
503 W. Thomas, ‘John Wilson Croker’, ODNB, XIV, pp. 273–8; Croker, III, pp. 270–9; Gleig, Reminiscences, pp. 219–21; Raikes, Journal, III, p. 43.
504 Croker, I, pp. 337 note, 353–4; II, p. 233; III, pp. 280–1; The Times, 5 October 1886.
505 H. Matthew, ‘Philip Henry Stanhope’, ODNB, LII, pp. 149–51; Stanhope, p. v.
506 Stanhope, pp. 70–1, 245.
507 H. Matthew, ‘Francis Egerton, first Earl of Ellesmere’, ODNB, pp. 993–4. He was known as Lord Francis Leveson-Gower until 1833.
508 Ellesmere, pp. 81 note, 104, 106.
509 W. Thomas, ‘Thomas Creevey’, ODNB, XIV, pp. 130–1; Hampshire Advertiser, 15 September 1832; Creevey, II, p. 123–4 & chapter 10, especially p. 236.
510 Maxwell, Life of Wellington, I, pp. viii–xii; II, chapter 3, especially pp. 88, 91–3.
511 C. Ropes, The Campaign of Waterloo, p. iii and chapter 17, especially pp. 343–7.
512 Ropes, Campaign of Waterloo, chapter 7.
513 G. Wolseley, The Decline and Fall of Napoleon, pp. 135–8, 153–5, 182.
514 Roberts, Rise of Wellington, especially pp. 179, 186,188.
515 R. Weigall (ed.), Correspondence of Lady Burghersh with the Duke of Wellington, pp. iii–iv, 211–4. Lady Burghersh was daughter of Wellington’s brother William.
516 Gleig, Reminiscences, preface, p. 343, note and book 3.
517 The Times, 21 September 1852, 31 December 1900 & 31 December 1903; R. Aldington, Wellington, pp. 1–3.
518 A. Lambert, Nelson, chapters 16–17; The Times, 29 March & 9 May 1884, 20 August 1885.
519 The Times, 14 May 1904.
520 Fraser, pp. 27–9; C. Parker, Sir Robert Peel, II, p. 9; Maxwell, Life of Wellington, I, p. xi.
521 The Times, 13 May 1897.
522 The Times, 2 & 18 August 1900, 21 February 1901.
7. Battling into Posterity: Wellington and Waterloo 1901–2015
523 The Times, 21 & 23 December 1903.
524 The Times, 28 December 1903.
525 H. Houssaye, Waterloo, pp. 271–94.
526 Houssaye, Waterloo, p. 432, note 33 & p. 433, notes 40 & 41.
527 The Times, 24 May 1909.
528 The Times, 12 January 1923
.
529 The Times, 15 January 1906 & 17 June 1915; A. Barbero, The Battle, p. 423.
530 PD, 5th series, XLII, 22 October 1912, cols. 1,898–1,899.
531 The Times, 8 November 1911, 26 January 1912, 19 December 1913 & 23 April 1924.
532 The Times, 8 July 1911, 14 May 1912 & 19 June 1914.
533 The Times, 21 March, 28 May & 19 June 1914, 26 February 1937.
534 The Times, 17, 21 & 26 June 1915.
535 The Times, 19 June 1915.
536 The Times, 18 June 1815.
537 M. Gilbert, First World War, p. 33; G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds.), Douglas Haig. War Diaries and Letters 1914–1918, p. 59, entry for 19 August 1914.
538 The Times, 5 September 1914, 11 & 20 January 1915, 19 June 1933, 25 March 2004.
539 The Times, 1 June & 23 November 1915, 9 August 1918; J. Wellesley, Wellington, p. 140; Anglesey, One Leg, p. 154.
540 The Times, 18 June 1815, 10 November 1916 & 9 August 1918.
541 The Times, 20 & 26 November 1918, 18 June 1920.
542 The Times, 18 May 1921; P. Parker, The Last Veteran, passim.
543 Cambridge Modern History, IX, pp. 616–45; C. Oman, Wellington’s Army 1809–1814, chapter 3, especially p. 43; A. Becke, Napoleon and Waterloo (1939 edition), p. 235.
544 C. Tomalin, Thomas Hardy, pp. 174, 267.
545 Tomalin, Hardy, pp. 281–94.
546 J. Fortescue, The Campaign of Waterloo, pp. 133–5, 189–90, 203, 209, 212.
547 Shelley, I, pp. 83ff, 102, 171.
548 Arbuthnot, I, pp. xv–xvi.
549 J. & B. Hammond, The Village Labourer, p. 302.
550 G. Kitson Clark, Peel and the Conservative Party, pp. 255–6; P. Guedalla, The Duke, pp. vii–xv.
551 The Times, 23 April & 19 June 1924, 27 May 1925.
552 The Times, 23 June 1927, 13 February 1930, 19 June 1934 & 2 January 1936.
553 The Times, 2 June 1874, 4 April 1910 & 26 August 1936; http://www.waterloo200.org/the-most-illustrious-grey-ensign-charles-ewart-2/#more-889, accessed 26 April 2013. The Eagle was presented to the Royal Scots Greys on Waterloo Day 1956 and is now in Edinburgh Castle.
554 The Times, 7 December 1923, 28 March & 27 June 1934; PD, 5th series, LXXXIII, 3 March 1934, cols. 777–824.