Wellington and Waterloo
Page 33
555 The Times, 9 July 1913, 21 February 1922 & 7 May 1923.
556 The Times, 29 January 1923, 18 June 1926, 19 March & 7 October 1929, 17 November & 1 December 1934.
557 The Times, 13 April 1926.
558 The Times, 1 March & 5 September 1930, 23 June 1937.
559 The Times, 20 July 1923, 26 February & 12 March 1937.
560 Uffindell & Corum, Fields of Glory, p. 33; Wellesley, Wellington, pp. 136–41. Proof too, of the twentieth-century’s democratisation of death is that his grave is like any other amongst the 1,740 in Salerno War Cemetery.
561 The Times, 28 March & 1 October 1940, 16 August 1943; N. Ferguson, The Ascent of Money, pp. 78–85.
562 G. M. Trevelyan, English Social History, p. 586 note; D. Cannadine, G. M. Trevelyan, pp. 169–74.
563 A. Roberts, Eminent Churchillians, p. 317. The Duke’s name was also appropriated for the Vickers Wellesley, a light bomber, and the company’s better known Wellington bomber, which saw service throughout the war.
564 Nottingham Evening Post, 16 June & 1 November 1944.
565 B. Montgomery, The Memoirs of Field-Marshal Montgomery, pp. 352–3; The Times, 14 June 1945. The sword is now at Apsley House.
566 The Times, 17 June 1955; Chad, Conversations, pp. 3–5; Wellesley, Wellington, passim.
567 Brighton Patriot, 11 August 1835; Arbuthnot, I, pp. ix–xvi, 140–3.
568 W. Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, III, pp. 304–8.
569 Foster, ‘Thoughts on Wellington’s Passing’, pp. 319–20; The Times, 16 June & 24 September 1964; 20 February, 21 April, 7 May, 18 & 19 June 1965.
570 PD, 5th series, CCLXVII, 15 June 1965, cols. 3–4; The Times, 21 & 22 May, 26 June 1965, 8 May 1984.
571 E. Longford, Wellington, p. 1; R. Gaunt, ‘Wellington, Peel and the Conservative Party’ in Woolgar (ed.), Wellington Studies V, p. 285, note 52.
572 Longford, Wellington, pp. 1–9; The Times, 19 & 26 June 1975.
573 The Times, 14, 18 & 21 June 1973, 9 June 1990.
574 The Times, 9 June 1990; C. Moffett, ‘Cleaning up the Battlefield’, Waterloo Journal, XI, December 1989, pp. 22–4.
575 The Times, 13 June 1988, 9, 15 & 18 June 1990.
576 The Times, 22 January, 18 June, 2 July, 1 September 1990, 16 July 1991; M. Balen, A Model Victory, chapter 15. In 1990 one could, as Siborne intended, wander around the entire model. Today, the visitor can stand only behind the Anglo-Allied line, the Prussians barely visible. Wellington might even have approved!
577 C. Woolgar, Wellington, His Papers and the Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Communication, passim.
578 C. Woolgar, Wellington, p. 34; Gash (ed.), Wellington, essays by N. Thompson, G. Finlayson, F. C. Mather & R. Foster.
579 N. Gash, ‘Arthur Wellesley, first Duke of Wellington’, ODNB, LVIII, pp. 1–29, especially pp. 26–7. Gash usefully summarised his earlier position in D. Southgate (ed.), The Conservative Leadership 1832–1932, pp. 35–57. For the recent perspective see R. Gaunt, ‘Wellington, Peel and the Conservative Party’, especially p. 282, note 7.
580 C. Esdaile, Napoleon’s Wars, pp. 556–9. Amongst others see S. David, All the King’s Men, chapter 21 & H. Davies, Wellington’s Wars, chapter 9.
581 The Times, 20 & 25 March 2004, 29 October 2005. Hofschröer summarises his case in Wellington’s Smallest Victory, pp. 141–7. The case for Wellington’s integrity is put by J. Hussey, ‘Towards a Better Chronology for the Waterloo Campaign’, War in History, VII, 2000, pp. 463–80.
582 The Times, 5 June 1970, 28 September 1984, 31 July 1986, 11 April 2013; BBC 2, Whitehall, first broadcast 9 September 2011. Lady Thatcher toned down her comments for her memoirs. See M. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 24.
583 The Times, 18 February 1988.
584 J. Cooper, Great Britons, p. 8; http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/britains-greatest-battles, accessed 1 May 2013.
585 The Times, 21 June 2004.
586 The Times, 21 June 1973.
587 The Spectator, 23 March 1996; The Times, 19 October 1996; Roberts, Napoleon and Wellington, p. 298; Roberts, Waterloo, pp. 121–2.
588 The Times, 18 June 2013; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafalgar_200, accessed 1 May 2013; The Times, 8 December 2012. In 2011 Hougoumont’s chapel had ‘been painted a creamy white and now looks like an ice-cream kiosk […] old signatures and smoke stains had been obliterated and the Christ figure varnished’. (Private information.) Even more depressing, the Christ figure was stolen in November 2011 and has not been recovered.
589 I. Fletcher, ‘Kings, Car Parks and Silent Members’, Waterloo Journal, XXXV, Spring 2013, pp. 4–5; letter from B. Cackett to the author, 11 October 2012; The Times, 27 April 2013.
590 http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2013/jun/26/osborne-waterloo-donation-restoration-anniversary, accessed 8 July 2013; Daily Telegraph, 28 June 2013.
591 http://www.waterloo200.org/, accessed 1 May 2013; Sir E. Webb-Carter, ‘Waterloo 200’, Waterloo Journal, XXXIV, Summer 2012, pp. 34–5.
592 The Times, 19 June 1995.
593 G. Cooper, ‘Past and Present’, Waterloo Journal, XXII, September 2000, pp. 14–22; The Times, 11 May 2004 & 29 June 2013. A national memorial at Quatre Bras was formally dedicated in June 2002.
594 Hull Packet, 24 November 1829; The Times, 22 December 1983, 19 January 2000; Cooper, ‘Past and Present’, p. 15; Shelley, I, p. 102.
Plate Section
A sketch by George Jones of Wellington, ordering the general advance at Waterloo. (Author’s collection)
A sketch of Life Guardsman Shaw by George Jones. (Author’s collection)
1819 aquatint, published by Edward Orme, showing Anglesey wounded. (Courtesy of Albion Prints)
Detail from Daniel Maclise’s mural for the rebuilt Westminster Palace, showing Wellington meeting Blücher at La Belle Alliance. (Author’s collection)
Wellington writing the Waterloo Despatch. Sketch in the Illustrated London News of 29 November 1852, based on the painting by Lady Burghersh. (Author’s collection)
Drawing from 1815 showing La Haye Sainte from the south soon after Waterloo. (Author’s collection)
Hougoumont, from an 1815 drawing. (Author’s collection)
The 175ft Wellington Monument on Somerset’s Blackdown Hills, overlooking Wellington. (Author’s collection)
Wellington in Waterloo attire. A painting by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1824) commissioned for Peel. Lawrence followed the Duke’s instruction to show him with telescope – not watch – in hand. (Author’s collection)
Wilkie’s 1822 Chelsea Pensioners receiving the London Gazette Extraordinary; announcing the Battle of Waterloo. (Author’s collection)
Wellington shows George IV over the field in the early 1820s. Sketch from the Illustrated London News of 9 September 1858, based on the original painting by B. R. Haydon. (Author’s collection)
Wellington, the politician, with Sir Robert Peel, by Franz Winterhalter (1844). (Author’s collection)
The 1834 steel engraving, published by Simpkin and Marshall, entitled The Plains of Waterloo. The scene is dominated by the Hanoverian and Gordon monuments and the Lion’s Mound. (Author’s collection)
An 1887 print of Sir Edwin Landseer’s 1850 painting Dialogue at Waterloo. (Author’s collection)
Hougoumont from the Pictorial Times, 1845. (Author’s collection)
La Belle Alliance from the Pictorial Times, 1845. (Author’s collection)
La Haye Sainte from the Pictorial Times, 1845. (Author’s collection)
Illustrated London News sketch from 1852 of John Prescott Knight’s painting of Wellington and thirty-one officers assembled for the 1842 Waterloo Banquet. (Author’s collection)
Carlo Marochetti’s 1844 equestrian statue of Wellington in Glasgow; current Glaswegian tradition/humour is to cap it with a traffic cone. (Courtesy of Susanna Foster)
Punch’s ground-breaking cartoon tribute to Wellington, 2 October 1852. (Author’s collection
)
An 1853 lithograph, after Louis Haghe’s painting, of Wellington’s controversial funeral car passing his Apsley House home and Benjamin Wyatt’s no less contentious Wellington statue. (Author’s collection)
Waterloo village showing Wellington’s 1815 headquarters as it appeared in the 1845 Pictorial Times. (Author’s collection)
The 1858 memorial to the fallen of the 1815 campaign in St Joseph’s Church, Waterloo. (Author’s collection)
Front page from a late-Victorian toy theatre game by Benjamin Pollock utilising an 1842 original, which was, in turn, based on The Battle of Waterloo, staged by Astley’s Theatre. (Author’s collection)
A Victorian trade card for Ayer’s Pills, based on Richard Ansdell’s Battle for the Standard, depicting Charles Ewart capturing the Eagle of the 45th at Waterloo. (Author’s collection)
The Waterloo campaign memorial of 1890 in Brussels’ Evere cemetery, now maintained by the Royal British Legion. (Courtesy of the Royal British Legion, Brussels)
Picture of John Hopwood, published in The Sphere, January 1901 – possibly Britain’s last Waterloo veteran. (Author’s collection)
Punch cartoon of 4 February 1903 commenting on the protracted completion of Alfred Stevens’ memorial to Wellington in St Paul’s Cathedral. (Author’s collection)
Postcard from around 1900 showing the cluttered Mont St Jean crossroads from the Lion’s Mound. (Author’s collection)
Reverse of the £5 note in circulation between 1971 and 1991, based on Sir Thomas Lawrence’s portrait of Wellington, painted shortly after Waterloo. (By permission of the Bank of England)
Ticket for the 18 June 1983 Wellington seminar, based on Paul Pry’s caricature A Wellington Boot. (Author’s collection)
La Belle Alliance, today. (Author’s collection)
La Haye Sainte, today. (Author’s collection)
Hougoumont, today, showing the entrance to the north gate. (Author’s collection)
The Waterloo battlefield as it is today from the Lion’s Mound, looking west. (Author’s collection)
Copyright
Cover illustrations
Front: Field Marshal Sir Arthur Wellesley (1769–1852) 1st Duke of Wellington, c.1840 (oil on canvas), Haydon, Benjamin Robert (1786–1846). (National Army Museum, London / The Bridgeman Art Library)
First published in 2014
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