by Jim Ring
Paris, 1, 2, 3
Parri, Ferruccio, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Parti Populaire Français, 1
partisans, see Italian partisans; Yugoslav partisans
Patch, General Alexander, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Patterson, Lieutenant George, 1
Patton, General George, 1, 2, 3, 4
Paul, Irmgard: on Allied rapes, 1; Berghof pilgrimage, 1;
on Hitler’s death, 1;
on Lockstein air-raid shelter, 1;
mother’s diary, 1;
on Nuremberg Trials, 1;
on RAF’s Obersalzberg raid, 1, 2;
on US occupiers, 1;
on wartime amputees, 1
Paul, Prince, Regent of Yugoslavia, 1, 2
Pearl Harbor, 1
Peenemünde, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Peiper, SS-Sturmbannführer Joachim, 1
Persinger, Robert B., 1
Petacci, Clara, 1, 2, 3
Pétain, Marshal Philippe, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Peter II, King of Yugoslavia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Pfeiffer, Oberst Franz Wilhelm, 1, 2
Pflaum, Generalleutnant Karl, 1, 2, 3
Philby, H. A. R. ‘Kim’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Piccard, Auguste, 1
Piedfort, Sous-Lieutenant, 1, 2
Pilet-Golaz, Marcel: address to nation, 1, 2, 3, 4; cedes to German blackout demands, 1;
as OSS informant, 1;
POW agreement with British, 1, 2;
and POW diplomacy, 1
Pizzoni, Alfredo, 1, 2, 3, 4
Pleiger, Paul, 1
Plön, 1, 2
Po, river, 1
Pola, 1
Poland: Danzig question, 1; German invasion, 1, 2, 3;
Grossaktion Warschau, 1;
Warsaw Rising, 1, 2, 3, 4
Poliakov, Léon, 1
Pont de Claix, 1
Pössinger, Sturmbannführer Michael, 1
Potsdam Conference, 1
Pratt, Lieutenant Sherman, 1
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 1
Pullach, 1
Quebec: Octagon conference, 1
Raeder, Grossadmiral Erich, 1, 2, 3
RAF: airdrop for Italian partisans, 1; Battle of Britain, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Berlin and Hamburg raids, 1, 2, 3;
Chetnik arms drops, 1;
Glières plateau drops, 1, 2;
Me 262 fight, 1;
Milan raid, 1;
Obersalzberg raid, 1, 2;
Peenemünde raid, 1, 2, 3;
raids on industry, 1, 2;
relationship with SOE, 1;
seeking refuge in Switzerland, 1
Rainer, Inge, 1, 2, 3
Rainer, Karl, 1, 2
Ransome, Arthur, 1
Rastenburg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ravensbrück concentration camp, 1
Red Army: advance to Berlin, 1, 2, 3, 4; and Alpenfestung, 1;
behaviour in Berlin and Vienna, 1;
British repatriate Cossacks, 1;
counteroffensive, 1, 2;
occupies Belgrade, 1;
occupies Vienna, 1
fronts: Central, 1; First Ukrainian, 1;
Voronezh, 1, 2
Redoute Ruinée, 1, 2
Regensburg, 1
Regia Aeronautica, 1
Remarque, Erich Maria, 1
Reschen Pass, 1
Reynaud, Paul, 1, 2
Rhine, river, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Rhône valley, 1, 2
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Riddel, James ‘Jimmy’, 1
Riefenstahl, Leni, 1
Riemer, SS-Obersturmführer Otto, 1, 2, 3
Rintelen, Anton, 1
Ritter, Karl, 1
Roberts, Andrew, 1
Rocca delle Caminate, 1
Roche la Croix, 1
Röhm, Ernst, 1
Romans-Petit, Colonel Henri, 1
Rome, 1, 2, 3
Rome, Treaty of, 1
Rommel, Generalfeldmarschall Erwin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: conference on Jews, 1; and de Gaulle, 1;
‘Germany first’ policy, 1;
illhealth, 1;
on Italy’s declaration of war, 1;
Marrakesh meeting, 1;
at Octagon conference, 1;
praises Munich Agreement, 1;
re-election, 1;
Tehran Conference, 1, 2, 3;
and Vichy France, 1;
Yalta Conference, 1
Roseberry, Lieutenant Colonel C. L., 1
Rosenthal, Captain Jean, 1, 2
Rotenberg, Alexander, 1, 2, 3
Rothmund, Dr Heinrich, 1, 2
Rothschild, Louis de, 1
Rothschild family, 1, 2
Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von, 1, 2, 3, 4
Ruskin, John, 1
Russian Revolution, 1
Rütli meadow (Lake Lucerne), 1
Saas-Fee, 1
Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 1, 2
Saint-Agnes, 1
St Anton, 1, 2, 3, 4
St Gallen, 1
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of, 1, 2
St Gervais, 1, 2, 3
St Gotthard Pass, 1, 2
St Gotthard rail tunnel, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Saint-Jean-de-Sixt, 1
St-Martin-Vésubie, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
St Maurice, 1
St Moritz, 1, 2, 3, 4
St-Nizier-du-Moucherotte, 1, 2, 3
Saisies, Col des, 1
Salò, 1, 2, 3
Salvadori, Max, 1
Salzburg: Anschluss in, 1; Hitler–Mussolini meeting, 1;
Mauthausen subcamp, 1;
O5 cell, 1;
as part of Alpenfestung, 1;
surrenders to Allies, 1;
von Trapp family in, 1, 2;
White Rose leaflets, 1
Samedan, 1, 2, 3
Sandoz, Yves, 1
Sankt Georgen an der Gusen, 1
Sargans, 1
Savoia, Prince General Umberto di, 1, 2, 3, 4
Schaffhausen, 1
Schamberger, Paul, 1
Scharnhorst, 1
Schmidt, Dr Paul, 1
Schneikert, Private First Class Fred, 1
Scholl, Hans and Sophie, 1
Schönbühl hut, 1
Schreiber, Leutnant Alfred, 1
Schuschnigg, Kurt, 1, 2, 3
Schwab, 1
Schwarz, Urs, 1, 2
Schweinitz, Oberstleutnant Viktor von, 1
Schweizerischer Vaterländischer Verband (SVV), 1
Second World War, The (Churchill), 1
Sedlmeyer, Max, 1
Selborne, Lord, 1, 2, 3
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 1, 2, 3
Shelley, Mary, 1
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1
Shirer, William L.: on Anschluss, 1; on Berchtesgaden surrender, 1;
censorship of, 1;
on forced euthanasia program, 1, 2;
hatred for Nazis, 1;
leaves Europe, 1;
on mood in Berlin, 1;
on mood in Geneva, 1, 2;
on Occupation of France, 1;
predicts Swiss deprivation, 1;
on rationing, 1;
on Swiss fighting spirit, 1;
on Switzerland’s turn, 1;
on treatment of Austrian Jews, 1;
on war’s end, 1;
on White Rose, 1;
wins Wehrmacht wager, 1
Sicily, 1, 2, 3, 4
Siegfried Line, 1, 2
Simon Wiesenthal Center, 1
Simplon rail tunnel, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Simpson, General William Hood, 1
Sinclair, Admiral Sir Hugh, 1
skiing: Allied POWs in resorts, 1, 2, 3; British military attachés’, 1;
cable railways in Davos, 1;
introduced to Alps, 1;
at Megève, 1;
postwar development, 1
Skorzeny, SS-Obersturm
bannführer Otto, 1
Smith, General Walter Bedell, 1
Soleti, General Fernando, 1
Solferino, Battle of, 1
Sound of Music, The (Wise), 1, 2
South African forces, 1
South Tyrol: German–Italian dispute, 1, 2, 3
Soviet Union: controls eastern Austria, 1; delay to Barbarossa, 1, 2;
as German ally, 1;
October Revolution, 1;
Stalingrad counterattack, 1;
see also Red Army
Spechel, Augusto, 1, 2
Special Air Service (SAS), 1
Special Operations Executive (SOE): absorbs Section D (MI6), 1; arms Chetniks, 1;
Bailey sent to assess Chetniks, 1;
and BBC, 1;
Cairo base, 1;
creation of, 1;
critics of, 1;
Deakin sent to assess partisans, 1;
funds French resistance, 1, 2;
liaison with Italian partisans, 1, 2, 3, 4;
and Ossola republic, 1;
Philby on, 1;
rail sabotage, 1;
record in Italy, 1;
relationship with RAF, 1;
and Special Projects Operations Centre, 1;
supports Italian partisans, 1
Special Projects Operations Centre, 1, 2
Speer, Albert: on Berlin bunker meeting, 1; on Blondi, 1;
career, 1;
disperses industrial production, 1;
farewell to Hitler, 1;
on Hitler at Obersalzberg, 1;
on industrialists at Berghof, 1;
inspects Mittelbau-Dora, 1;
on Me 1, 2;
on New Year 1945, 1;
Obersalzberg residence, 1, 2;
rebuilding plans, 1;
sabotages ‘scorched earth’ policy, 1;
tried at Nuremberg, 1;
on V-2 rocket, 1, 2;
as war production minister, 1, 2
Sperrle, Generalfeldmarschall Hugo, 1
Srodes, James, 1
SS: charges Messerschmitt for slave labour, 1; Darnand’s rank, 1;
Deutsche Erde- und Steinwerke (DESt), 1;
1st SS-Standarte (Munich), 1;
garrisons in Italian Alps, 1;
and MI6 plan for Molden, 1;
replaces Riemer at Ebensee, 1;
Totenkopfverbände, 1, 2, 3;
see also Gestapo; Waffen-SS
Stack, Brigadier General Robert, 1, 2
Stalin, Joseph: advises Tito’s withdrawal from Carinthia, 1; Churchill cable on German surrender, 1;
Churchill on, 1;
and Eisenhower’s Alpenfestung cable, 1;
Hitler’s perception of, 1;
opposes early German surrender, 1, 2, 3;
on resistance and tanks, 1;
suggests Allied invasion of Switzerland, 1;
Tehran Conference, 1, 2, 3;
Yalta Conference, 1
Stalingrad, Battle of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Stampfli, Walther, 1
Stauffenberg, Count Claus Schenk von, 1
Steiger, Eduard von, 1
Steinhauser, Sergeant Hans, see Molden, Fritz
Stelvio Pass, 1
Sterzing, 1
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 1, 2
Streicher, Julius, 1
Strong, Major General Kenneth, 1
Stuart, Captain William, 1
Sulzer, Hans, 1, 2
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Susloparov, General Ivan, 1
Sutjeska, Battle of, 1, 2
Swiss air force, 1, 2
Swiss Alps: Allied POWs escape to, 1; border patrols, 1;
fortresses and fortified passes, 1;
German–Italian trade, 1;
Italian interest in Ticino, 1;
Italian partisans escape to, 1;
POW camps, 1, 2, 3;
punishment camps, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
rail tunnels, 1, 2;
residents help escaped POWs, 1;
Rütli rally, 1
Swiss army: at Belfort Gap, 1, 2;
demobilisation, 1;
military service, 1;
mobilisation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
older home defence soldiers recalled, 1;
size and composition of, 1;
see also Guisan, General Henri
Swiss intelligence, see Nachrichtendienst
Swiss Internment Commissariat, 1
Swiss National Bank, 1
Switzerland: agreement with Allies over Germany, 1; agricultural production, 1, 2;
air flights from Britain, 1;
Allied airmen crash-land in, 1;
Allied ‘loot declaration’, 1;
Allied trade blockade, 1, 2;
Americans advised to leave, 1;
Anglo-Swiss relations, 1;
and Anschluss, 1;
anti-Semitism and xenophobia, 1;
approach roads mined, 1;
asylum in, 1;
and Battle of Britain, 1, 2;
blackouts, 1;
border defences, 1;
Britons ordered to leave, 1;
categories of refugees, 1, 2;
Churchill praises, 1;
and Churchill’s defiance, 1;
contributes to Marshall Plan, 1;
diplomatic representation, 1, 2, 3;
effect of Operation Anton, 1, 2;
English affection for, 1;
exports to Axis, 1, 2;
fascist groups in, 1;
and foreign intelligence services, 1, 2, 3, 4;
fortified passes, 1;
general mobilisation, 1;
German feints, 1, 2;
German invasion plans, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10;
as German shortcut from Italy, 1;
gold reserves, 1;
and Great Depression, 1;
and Grossdeutsches Reich, 1, 2;
Guisan’s Alpine Redoubt plan, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Gustloff assassination, 1;
imports from Germany, 1, 2, 3;
and Jewish refugees, 1, 2, 3;
März-Alarm, 1, 2, 3;
military intelligence in, 1;
Nazi gold, 1, 2;
neutrality, 1, 2;
newspapers in, 1;
Pilet-Golaz’s speech, 1, 2, 3, 4;
porous northern frontier, 1, 2, 3;
precision-equipment manufacture, 1;
rationing, 1;
Red Cross, 1, 2, 3;
rumoured Italian invasion, 1, 2;
Stalin suggests Allied invasion, 1;
strategic position, 1
Symons, A. J. A., 1, 2
Szymanska, Halina, 1, 2
Tarvis Pass, 1
Tehran Conference, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Tensfeld, SS-Brigadeführer Willy, 1
Theodule Pass, 1
Thomson, Robert, 1
Thun, Lake, 1
Thurau, 1
Thurnheer, Walter, 1
Tibaldi, Professor Ettore, 1
Tirpitz, 1
Tito, Josip Broz: ambitions for JANL, 1; career, 1;
commands partisans, 1;
deposes Peter II, 1;
impresses Maclean, 1;
injured at Sutjeska, 1;
and JANL withdrawal from Carinthia, 1;
Peter II’s support for, 1;
as ruler of Yugoslavia, 1
Todd, Elizabeth, 1
Trapp, Georg Ludwig von, 1
Trapp, Maria von, 1, 2, 3, 4
Treblinka extermination camp, 1, 2
Trentino, 1
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 1
Trieste, 1, 2
Triumph des Willens (Riefenstahl), 1
Truman, Harry S.: on British–Yugoslav standoff, 1; contacts de Gaulle over Cuneo impasse, 1;
on dictators’ deaths, 1;
disbands OSS, 1;
obliges Stalin over early surrender, 1, 2;
permits Dulles–Wolff
talks, 1
Tunisia, 1, 2
Turin, 1
Turner, J. M. W., 1
Twain, Mark, 1, 2
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 1
United States: citizens advised to leave Switzerland, 1; enters war, 1;
and Jewish immigration, 1;
Marshall Plan, 1, 2;
recognises POEN, 1;
status at war’s end, 1;
see also Office of Strategic Services
United States army army groups: Sixth, 1, 2, 3, 4; Twelfth, 1, 2
armies: Third, 1, 2; Fifth, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Seventh, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11;
Ninth, 1
corps: IV, 1, 2; VI, 1;
XV, 1,
XXVI, 1
divisions: 3rd Infantry, 1; 10th Armored, 1, 2;
11th Armored, 1;
12th Armored, 1;
36th Infantry, 1, 2;
42nd Infantry, 1;
44th Infantry, 1;
45th Infantry, 1, 2;
80th Infantry, 1;
101st Airborne, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
103rd Infantry, 1
regiments: 351st Infantry, 1 411th, 1
United States War Department, 1
Untersberg, 1, 2, 3, 4
Unterstein, 1
Usmiani, Antonio, 1, 2
USAAF: bombs Innsbruck, 1; crashes in Oberammergau, 1;
first raids on Germany, 1;
raids on industry, 1, 2, 3, 4;
relationship with OSS, 1;
seeking refuge in Switzerland, 1, 2;
in Swiss POW camps, 1, 2;
turns back from Alpine raid, 1;
Vercors airdrop, 1
Ustaše, 1, 2
Užice, 1
Val d’Isère, 1, 2, 3
Valdieri, 1
Valence-Chabeuil, 1
Vanden Heuvel, Count Frederick ‘Fanny’, 1, 2, 3, 4
Vassieux-en-Vercors, 1, 2
Vatutin, General Nikolay, 1
Venanson, 1, 2
Vence, 1, 2
Vercellino, Generale Mario, 1, 2
Vercors: assessment of its significance, 1;
de Gaulle’s BBC appeal, 1;
ease of defence, 1;
Germans suppress resistance, 1;
Operation Montagnards, 1, 2;