Book Read Free

Monsters in America

Page 38

by W. Scott Poole


  Barry, Marion, 183

  Bateman, Patrick, 161, 163

  Bates, Norman, 139, 142, 145, 161, 163, 165

  Bauby, Dominique, 223

  Bauhaus, 219

  Beal, Timothy, 6

  Beat movement, 123

  beauty, 224

  Beecher, Henry Ward, 78

  Behemoth, 6

  Bella, 212

  Bellin, Joshua, 172

  Benga, Ota, 94–95, 97–98

  Bennell, Miles, 119

  Bennett, William, 155

  Benz, Julie, 163

  Berkowitz, David, 141

  Bethurum, Truman, 125–26

  Bierce, Ambrose, 73

  “Big Bone Lick,” 44–45

  Big Foot, 12, 132–35

  birth control, 128, 148–49, 170, 175

  birth defects, 2

  Bivins, Jason, 186

  Bizarre, 136

  Bizarro, 199

  Black Frankenstein, 49

  black magic, 41

  Blair, Linda, 167–68, 186

  “Bleeding Kansas,” 67

  Bluff Creek, 134

  Boone, Carol Anne, 161

  Boone, Daniel, 20, 36, 45

  Boston Daily Observer, 18

  Boston Linnean Society, 61

  Boxoffice, 114

  Boy Scouts of America, 179

  Boyer, Paul, 115

  Boyle, Danny, 217

  Boyle, Robert, 10

  Bradford, William, 24

  Brady, Matthew, 71–72

  brain size, as indication of inferiority, 93, 95

  Bramford building, 175

  Brattle, Thomas, 40

  Brienes, Weini, 138

  Brooklyn, 97

  Brooks, Max

  Brown v. Board of Education, 133

  Brown, Goodman, 75

  Browning, Tod, 91–92, 76, 102, 138

  Bryant, Anita, 206

  Buddhism, 130

  “Buffalo Bill,” 154–55

  Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, 89

  Buffon, 43

  Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 193, 208–10

  Bundchen, Gisele, 98–99

  Bundy, Ted, 150–52

  Bunyan, John, 39

  Bunyan, Paul, 36

  burial sites, desecrated for medical research, 106

  Burke, Peter, 29

  Burkner, H. Taylor, 130

  Burstyn, Ellen, 167

  Bush, George H. W., 190–91

  Bush, George W., 217, 221–22

  “Call of Cthluhu,” 60, 97

  Cameron, James, 225

  Camp Clifton, 180

  Camp Crystal Lake, 165, 181

  camp fire stories, 180–82

  Camp Ranger, 180

  Camp Robert Meecher, 180

  Canaan, 39

  cannibalism, 31–32, 88, 94, 100, 154, 156, 184–85, 194, 217 African fear of whites and, 47–48

  Captain America, 117

  captivity narratives, 31–32, 36

  Caputo, Phillip, 197

  Carlson, Allan, 172

  carnival exhibits, 64, 80, 94 see also freak shows

  Carpenter, John, 158–60, 180

  Carrie, 170

  Carrington, Dr., 122–23

  Carroll, Charles, 85

  cartoons, 137–38

  Cascio, Jamais, 222–23

  Chang and Eng, 88

  Civil Rights era, 132, 148, 156, 159, 184

  Clark, Jerome, 123

  Claverack, New York, 44

  Clemens, Valdine, 56

  Clover, Carol, 159

  “Code,” 163

  Cohen, Jeffrey J., 7

  Colavito, Jason, 131

  Cold War, 108, 111–16, 118–20, 190–91

  Comics Code Authority, 146–47

  comics, 177, 136, 144–46, 189 see also DC Comics; EC Comics; Marvel Comics

  commercial revolution, 56–57

  communism, fear of, 108, 112–16, 119–21 religion as weapon against, 128–32

  Compromise of 1850, 67

  Compton, Bill, 214

  Comstock, Anthony, 77–78

  conspiracy theories, in Cold War America, 122–24 in late twentieth century, 182–85

  containment, in culture and politics, 114

  Coppola, Francis Ford, 190

  Cotten, Sallie Southall, 34–36

  Cousins, Norman, 115

  Cowan, Douglas E., 17, 130

  Crane, Ichabod, 56–57

  Crane, Jonathan Lake, 18, 87

  Crane, Marion, 141–42, 145

  Crane, Stephen, 70

  craniometry, 93

  Craven, Wes, 27, 158, 159–60, 219, 228

  Crew, Jerry, 132

  Cronenberg, David, 172–73

  Cropsey, 182

  Crypt of Terror, 146

  cryptids, 132–35

  “Cthulhu mythos,” 97, 226

  Cuban missile crisis, 190

  Cullen, Edward, 212–13

  Cumberland Gap, 45

  Curtis, Jamie Lee, 158–59

  Cynocephalus, 8

  “Dagon,” 60

  Dahmer, Jeffrey, 151, 153–54

  Dakota building, 175

  Daniken, Erich von, 130–31

  Dante, Joe, 187, 216

  Dare, Virginia, 34–37

  Daughters of Darkness, The Hunger, 206

  DC Comics, 144

  De Palma, Brian, 170

  Dean, James, 127, 143

  death penalty, 155, 161

  “Deer Woman,” 33–36

  Delbanco, Andrew, 65

  Demme, Jonathan, 153–54

  Denhem, Carl, 100

  Depue, Roger, 150

  “Devil Worshippers,” 185

  Devil, Africans and, 30, 49 in American place names, 7 fear of in 1980s, 182–85 in film, 167–69, 175–76 Pope as, 29 witches as accomplices to, 37–41 women as, 77–78 see also Satan

  Dexter, 163–65

  Diary of the Dead, 216

  Diderot, 29

  “Doctrine of Monsters,” 44

  Douglass, Frederick, 51

  Dracula, 5, 7, 202, 225

  Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 105, 118

  Dulles, John Foster, 121

  EC Comics, 136, 144–47

  Ellis, Bill, 179

  Ellis, Bret Easton, 161

  Ellison, Ralph, 81

  Elm Street, 165

  Elvira, 136

  Embargo of 1807, 20

  Enlightenment era, 9–10, 29–30, 55, 82 belief in supernatural during, 10, 220

  Eno River, “Deer Woman” sightings, 35

  entertainment, witch trials as in New England, 39–40

  entrepreneurship, 160–61

  Environmental Protection Agency, 117

  environmentalism, 201

  Equiono, Oloudah, 47

  ethnology, 48

  Exorcist, 167–69, 186

  Facebook, 213

  “Fall of the House of Usher,” 76–77

  Falwell, Jerry, 152, 183, 185, 207

  Famous Monsters of Filmland, 187, 190

  Fangoria, 14, 190

  Father Knows Best, 113

  Faust, 175

  feminism, 77, 89–90, 101, 148, 152, 161, 170–72, 180–81, 184, 189, 197, 208–9

  Ferguson, Homer, 128–29

  Filson, John, 45, 56

  “final girl” theme, 159, 174, 181, 219

  Fincher, David, 174

  Finkbine, Sherri, 116–17

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 1–2, 12, 24, 89, 91

  Fort, Charles, 133–34

  “Forteanism,” 133

  fossils, 23–24, 44 debate over origin of, 11–12 of sea serpents, 61, 63

  Foster, Jodi, 154

  Fox, Michael J., 160

  France, witchcraft trials, 8

  Frank Leslie’s Illustrated, 72

  Frankenstein (film, 1910), 84

  Frankenstein (film, 1931), 81–82, 86–87, 175, 187, 189, 195, 227 racial imagery in, 92–93, 100–101 science and sexuality in, 105, 195

/>   Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man, 107

  Frankenstein (book and character), 49, 59–60, 122, 175, 220 commentary on Industrial Revolution, 59 slavery parallels, 60

  freak shows, 15, 80, 84, 88–91, 94 decline of, 113–14

  Freaks, 2–3, 13, 15, 89, 91–92 delayed success as cult classic, 138

  Freud, Sigmund, 14–16, 149

  Friday the 13th, 160, 181, 184

  Friday the 13th, Part 3, 17

  Friedan, Betty, 138, 144

  Gacy, John Wayne, 16, 150–51, 162

  Gaines, Bill, 146–147

  gay rights, 148, 206–7

  Gein, Ed, 147–48, 151–54, 156

  Gekko, Gordon, 160

  ghettos, 159, 172

  “Ghoulardi,” 187

  giants, 90

  Giger, H. R., 173

  Gilder, George, 172

  “Gingerbread,” 210

  Gitlin, Todd, 143

  Gloucester Harbor, sea serpent sightings, 19, 42, 61, 63

  goth, as twentieth-century genre, 55, 136–38, 185, 189–90, 220–21

  gothic literature, 55–56, 75–77 monster descriptions, 45

  Gothic Revival architecture, 55, 142

  Graham, Billy, 113, 129

  Halloween, 158–59, 178, 180–81, 220

  Hamedani, Kevin, 217

  Hamilton, Sara, 120

  Hammond, James Henry, 48

  Hardesty family, 156

  Harker, Mina, 103

  Harpers Ferry, 69

  Harris, John, 221

  Hawks, Howard, 111–12

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 75

  “Headless Haddy,” 180

  Headless Horseman, 68–69 see also Legend of Sleepy Hollow

  Hearst, William Randolph, 74

  Heart, A. Denison, 35

  Hefner, Hugh, 127

  Hell Houses, 185–86

  Henrikson, Margot, 115, 120–21

  Heuvelmans, Bernard, 133–34

  Hill, Luke and Elizabeth, 41

  Hilton sisters, 2–3, 89

  Hiroshima, 115, 123

  Hiroshima Maidens, 115

  history,conceptualization of American, 22–24, 228

  Hitchcock, Alfred, 139, 141–43, 156

  Hollywood Reporter, 120

  Holmes, H. H., 74

  Holmesburg prison, 106, 220

  Holt, Sam, 86

  “Homecoming,” 216–17

  homicide, rise in post-war statistics, 149–50

  Honda, Ishiro, 115

  “Hook Man,” 179, 182, 190

  Hooker Chemical Co., 117

  Hooper, Dennis, 158

  Hooper, Tobe, 76, 156–57, 160

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 120

  Hopkins, Anthony, 27

  “Hopkinsville Goblins,” 123

  Hornaday, William, 95–96

  “Horror at Red Hook,” 97–98

  housing, 148

  How to Survive an Atom Bomb, 115

  Hyde, Michael J., 222

  IKEA, 163

  immigrant hate groups, 37

  immigrants, fear of, 54, 90, 97–98, 101–2

  immortality, 196

  In the Wake of Sea Serpents, 134

  incest, 17, 77

  “Incognitum,” 44

  Incredible Hulk, 118

  Industrial Revolution, in horror genre, 59

  Ingebretsen, Edward, 39

  Inherit the Wind, 95

  “Intelligent Design” movement, 134

  “Jack the Ripper,” 73, 149

  Jackson, Andrew, 21

  Jackson, Peter, 100

  James, LeBron, 98–99

  Jameson, Frederic, 124

  Jamestown, New York, 37, 184

  Japan, bombing of, 108, 115

  Jeanie “the half woman,” 90

  Jefferson, Thomas, 9–10, 12, 20, 44–46

  Jenkins, Henry, 190

  Jesuits, 168

  Jews, as Other, 90, 97 theological concepts, 222

  Jim Crow, 79, 108, 112, 148

  John Brown’s Raid, 69

  Johnson, William, 94–95

  Jo-Jo the Dog-Faced Boy, 88

  Jones, Margaret, 38–39

  Karloff, Boris, 82, 86, 193, 195

  Karras, Father Damien, 168

  Kearney, Richard, 21

  Keel, John, 126

  Kennan, George, 114

  Kennedy, John F., 148

  Kennedy, Robert, 148

  Kentucky, 123–24 monster lore in, 44–45

  Kepler, 8

  kidnapping, 182

  King Kong, 98, 122

  King Kong (1933), 30, 98–100

  King, Stephen, 77, 167–68, 170, 202–3

  Kinsey, Alfred, 126

  Kirby, Jack, 117–18

  Kligman, Albert, 106

  Knight, Peter, 124

  Knoppers, Laura Lunger, 29

  Kodak, 187

  Korean war, 147

  Kraft, Randy, 154

  krakens, 64

  Kristeva, Julia, 15–16

  Kroker, Arthur and Marlouise, 206

  Krueger, Freddie, 141, 160, 219

  Ku Klux Klan, 90, 98

  Kurtzman, Harvey, 146

  labor strikes, 74

  Laderman, Gary, 71

  Ladies Home Journal, 150

  LaHaye, Tim, 152, 183

  Lanchester, Elsa, 13

  Land of the Dead, 200, 216

  Landes, Joan B., 29

  Landis, John, 33

  Langenkamp, Heather, 219

  Le Jau, Francis, 41

  Leatherface, 156–57, 165

  Leatherstocking, 157

  Leave it to Beaver, 113

  Lecter, Hannibal, 154–55

  Lee, Christopher, 195

  Lee, Stan, 117

  Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 56–57 economic critiques in, 57 Crane as monster, 57

  Legion of Decency, 176

  Leigh, Janet, 141–42, 158

  Lestat, 195–96

  Leviathan, 6 as sea serpent, 63

  Life, 121, 136, 150, 198

  Lincoln, Abraham, 69

  Lindsey, Hal, 201

  Linnaeus, Carl, 10–11

  literature, criticism of as immoral, 77–78

  “Living Room War,” 198

  Locke, John, 9

  London Observer, 173

  “Lone Ranger,” 158

  Los Angeles, 136, 184, 191

  Loupe garou; see werewolves

  Love, William T., 117

  Love Canal tragedy, 117

  Lovecraft, H. P., 29, 60, 67, 96–97, 226 aliens in writings of, 131 conceptions of racial difference, 97–98 fear of immigrants, 97–98

  “Lovecraft in Brooklyn,” 111

  Lucas, Henry Lee, 151, 162

  Lugosi, Bela, 15, 102, 105, 108, 121, 151, 187, 189, 195, 219

  lynching, 30, 54, 79, 83–86, 146

  Malcolm X, 160

  Mangum, O. R., 35

  Manhattan Project, 112

  Manson, Charles, 158

  Marcus, Greil, 228

  Marietta, 59

  Marquette and Jolliet, 43

  Marvel Comics, 117, 147

  Maryland School of Medicine, 106

  mass murder, 73–74

  Mather, Cotton, 11, 24–25, 29 descriptions of monsters, 42, 44–45 role in witchcraft trials, 38–40

  Mather, Increase, 25

  Matheson, Richard, 202

  Matrix, 222–23

  Mattel, 188

  Mayer, Louis B., 2–3

  McDougal, Dennis, 154

  McMartin Preschool, 184

  McNeil family, 167–68

  Mears, Ben, 202

  medical experimentation, 105–7, 115–16, 121, 145

  Medicine, 85

  Medieval era; monsters in, 7–8, 28, 222

  Melville, Herman, 60, 63, 65–67

  Men and Marriage, 172

  MGM Studios, 2, 91–92

  Michaud, Stephen G., 151

  midgets, 88, 138 see also Freaks

 
military conflict, Europeans in Islamic world, 32

  military, in Cold War films, 122

  Millenarianism, 210

  “Minister’s Black Veil,” 75

  minstrel shows, 85

  Moby-Dick, 63, 65–67 critique of American society and expansionism in, 65–67 quote from, 1

  Moffit, Jack, 120

  Monangahela, 62

  monotheism, 5–6, 210

  monster hunters, 133–35, 210 as monsters, 202

  “monster kids,” 186–90, 202–3

  Moody, Dwight L., 73

  Moral Majority, 183

  moral panic, 1980s, 182–86, 210

  Moran, Jeffrey P., 96

  Morgan, Dexter, 163–64

  Morgan, Harry, 163–64

  “Morgus the Magnificent,” 187

  motherhood, 178, 213 as monstrous, 170–76 see also family structure

  Mullins, Aimee, 223–24

  murder, 162, 165

  Murders in the Rue Morgue, 105, 190

  Murdoch, Rupert, 162

  music, 55, 64

  mutilation, 72

  My Lai massacre, 198

  Myers, Michael, 158, 59, 165

  Mystic River, 24–25

  NAACP, 133

  Nagasaki, 115

  Nat Turner Rebellion, 49, 60, 68

  National Organization for Women, 148, 161

  National Police Gazette, 73, 78

  National PTA, 102–3, 143

  national security state, 114–15, 118, 123, 125

  Native Americans, 21 as monsters, 30–31 colonial white belief in allegiances with Satan, 39 depiction as “savages,” 28–29, 36, 43, 74 in folklore, 33–36, 44–45 murder of in New England, 24–25 reference to in Moby-Dick

  nativism, 101–2

  Natural Born Killers, 162

  Natural History, 29

  natural history and monsters, 10–12, 61–62

  Neville, Robert, 202

  New Bedford, 66

  Night of the Living Dead, 193–94, 199–200, 216

  Night Stalker, 16

  Nightmare on Elm Street, 141, 160

  Nixon, Richard, 143, 148, 158, 200

  Noah, 44

  “noodling,” 42–43, 45

  nostalgia, in nineteenth century, 56

  Nostromo, 173

  Notes on the State of Virginia, 44, 46

  Nott, Josiah, 48, 83

  Nurmi, Maila, 136

  Nuzum, Eric, 208

  occult, fear of in 1980s, 182–85 see also Satan

  orientalism, 89

  “Orphan, The,” 145

  Ortiz, Tomas, 31

  Osterman, Albert, 132

  Ostow, Michael, 208

  Other, monsters as and societal interpretations, 13, 88–90, 185 Native Americans as, 22, 29 Ottoman Turks as, 29

  Paine, Thomas, 9

  Palencia-Roth, Michael, 28

  Pare, Ambroise, 9

  pill, the, 171, 175–76 see also birth control

  Pinkerton, A. F., 73

  Pinkerton, Jim, 100

  “Pip and Flip: Twins from the Yucatan,” 89

  Poe, Edgar Allan, 60, 67, 81 critique of society in writings of, 75–76 incest in writings of, 77 influence in film, 77, 105

  Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, 221–22

 

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