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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Laurentino Gomes is a journalist and the author of two critically acclaimed best-selling books: 1808: The Flight of the Emperor and 1822, the first two books in a trilogy on the history of Brazil. With more than 1.5 million copies sold, his books have remained on the best-seller lists of Brazil and Portugal for six consecutive years. Gomes has won the prestigious Jabuti Prize, Brazil’s highest literary honor, four times, and the Brazilian Academy of Letters selected 1808 as the nation’s best work of nonfiction the year it was published.
ABOUT THE TRANSLATOR
Andrew Nevins is professor of linguistics at University College London. Previously on the faculty at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar, Nevins conducts research in the language sciences on Portuguse linguistics, Basque dialects, Brazil’s indigenous languages, whistled languages, and misheard song lyrics. The author of Locality in Vowel Harmony and Morphotactics, he lives in both London and Rio de Janeiro.
INDEX
Abrantes, duchess of, 22, 125, 198
ADPG (author), 141–42
advertisements, 158–59
Afonso de Albuquerque (ship), 31, 36, 52, 53, 65, 90
Age of Enlightened Despotism, 28–29
Alencastro, Luiz Felipe, 132–33
Alexander zu Wied-Neuwied, Prince, 157–58
Algranti, Leila Mezan, 164, 177, 182–83
Álvares Pereira de Melo, Miguel, 55–56
Alvas da Costa, Manoel, 94
Ancien Régime, 10
Andreoni, João Antonio, 175
animals, 133
Antonil, André João, 175
Arc de Triomphe, 214
Armitage, John, 132, 139, 154
arrest of slaves, 164–65
autos-da-fé, 25
baetas, 75
Bahia. See Salvador, Brazil
Bank of Brazil, 129, 134, 135, 138, 139, 232
barbers, 113
Barca, António de Araújo de Azevedo, count of, 20, 34, 52, 66–67, 122, 156
Barman, Roderick, 81, 204, 237–38
bathing, 115, 117
Beckford, William, 43
Bedford, HMS (ship), 48, 51, 52, 53, 59, 147
bells, church, 109
Beresford, William Carr, 201, 221, 225–26, 228
blackmail, literary, 129–30
Blockade, Continental, 6, 18, 145, 225
Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon Bonaparte
Botocudo Indians, 155
Boxer, Charles, 64, 65
Brackenridge, Henry
Brazil, 158, 184, 187
cannon fire, 109–10
court, Portuguese, 141
João VI, coronation of, 214–15, 215–16
republicanism, 206
branding of slaves, 178, 180
Brant, Felisberto Caldeira, 153
brasileiro (Brazilian), as term, 68–69
Brazil. See also Rio de Janeiro; specific towns and regions
administrative sectors, 135
bathing, 117
borders, 69
Britain, trade with, 66–67, 144–45, 147–48, 149–50
censorship, 80–81
characterization by foreign visitors, 191–92
cheese production, 191–92
communication, 71–72, 74, 195
departure for, 31–39
diamonds, 27, 79, 185–87
dietary habits, 77–78
education, 80, 153, 192
explorers, 153
finances, 132–37, 139–40, 232–33
gold, 27, 78–79
health, public, 71
independence, 230, 238–41
indigenous people, 70, 74, 114, 142–43, 155, 194–95
industries, 152–53
intellectual life, 80–81, 192
judicial system, 148
kingdom status, 154
literacy, 71, 192
mule troopers, 75–77
Northeastern interior, 190–91
planned move to, 15–18
population, 69–71
ports, opening of, 65–67, 144–45, 147–48, 149–50
Portugal, trade with, 15–16, 227
Portuguese court in, 132–37
religious freedom, 148
roads, 153
scientific advancement, 192–95
slavery, 82, 172
smuggling, 79
Sundays and feast days, 161
transformation of, 151–61, 236–37
travelers to, 184–95
voyage to, 48–56
work ethic, 191–92
Brazilian Indians, 142–43
Britain
blockades, 6, 66–67
Brazil, Portugal court’s departure for, 37–39, 48, 50–52, 53, 54–55
Brazil, trade with, 66–67
, 144–45, 147–48, 149–50
judicial system in Brazil, 148
Portugal and, 6–7, 18–19, 29–30, 147–49, 226–27
religious freedom in Brazil, 148
Royal Navy, 47–48, 101–2, 146–47
British Empire, 145
Brochado, José da Cunha, 27–28
Burchell, William, 192
burial of dead, 167, 169–70
cabinet, new, 151–52
Cabugá, 203–4, 206, 209
Cadaval, duchess of, 94
Caldcleugh, Alexander, 161
Calmon, Pedro
Brazil, 151
Carlota Joaquina, 126
court, Portuguese, 44, 131
João VI, 91, 119, 121, 123
Calógeras, Pandiá, 27, 117
Canning, George, 147
cannon fire, 109–10
capoeira, 164
Cardoso, Eliana, 26–27
cariocas. See Rio de Janeiro
Carlota Joaquina
appearance, 91, 125–26, 131, 213
banishment, 130–31
Brazil, 35–36, 52, 130
children, 128
conspiracies and coup attempts, 118, 125, 126
death, 131
depictions of, 125
final days, 130–31
homage, demands for, 127
infidelities, alleged, 128–29
lice, 43, 91
marriage and separation, 5, 120, 126, 127
personality, 125–26
portrait, 124
will, 131
Carrère, J. B. F., 42–43
Castle Mountain, 167–68
Castro, Martinho de Mello e, 69
Catholic Church, 24–25
Cavalcanti, Nireu, 113
censorship, 28–29, 80–81
Chamberlain, Henry, 172, 187
cheese production, 191–92
Cochrane, Thomas, 189
Collingwood, Luke, 174
communication, 19, 61, 71–72, 74, 195
Confederation of the Equator, 206, 209, 237, 241
Congress (ship), 109–10, 158, 214–15
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