9. Ibid., 9.
10. Alfred Jay Bollet, MD, “An Analysis of the Medical Problems of the Civil War,” Transactions of the American Clinical & Climatological Association, 103: 131.
11. Stewart Brooks, Civil War Medicine (Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1966), 116.
12. California Petroleum Company shares were offered at $40 each. Extensive research did not locate an initial stock offering for Philadelphia & California Company, but given the near-identical nature of the two companies, their timing, and property to be explored, it’s likely the $40 offer was the same for both companies.
13. John Schertzer Hittell, A History of the City of San Francisco (San Francisco:A. L. Bancroft & Company, 1878), 322–324.
14. Ibid., 336–338.
15. “Notes on a Tour Through the Southern Coast Counties of California,” Daily Alta California, June 7, 1865, 1.
16. “City Items,” Daily Alta California, July 3, 1865, 1.
17. Joseph D. Weeks,The Production of Petroleum in 1894 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1895), 373.
18. “Notes,”Springfield Republican, March 25, 1865.
19. Gerald T. White, “The Case of the Salted Sample: A California Oil Industry Skeleton,”Pacific Historical Review, May 1966, 158.
20. Letterman family letters. Thomas Sim Lee Collection, Catholic University, Washington, DC.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. White, “The Case of the Salted Sample,” 164.
24. Stephen Peckham, “Examination of the Bituminous Substances Occurring in Southern California,”Geology of the Coast Ranges, 1882, 66.
25. Letterman,Medical Recollections, Preface.
26. Ibid., 185.
27. Although a Southerner, Davis was a devout Unionist. Two of his brothers fought in the Army of Northern Virginia and were killed in battle.
28. Letterman,Medical Recollections, 129.
29. Ibid., 153.
30. Ibid., 100.
31. Ibid., 156.
32. Ibid., 157.
33. “Reviews and Bibliographical Notices,” New York Medical Journal, September 1866, 453–455.
34. Ibid.
35. White, “The Case of the Salted Sample,” 179. It wasn’t until the 1870s that oil exploration experience, coupled with advances in equipment, enabled wildcatters to tap extensive oil deposits in the Los Angeles, Ventura, Kern, and Santa Barbara Counties.
36. Peckham, “Examination of the Bituminous,” 73.
37. Saltzman, “Who Salted the Sample,” 9.
38. White, “The Case of the Salted Sample,” 175.
39. Ibid., 177–180.
40. In Congressional testimony, Silliman acknowledged he was paid a $5,000 advance for his report, plus $10,000 to $20,000 when completed.
Chapter 11
1. Hittell, “A History of the City of San Francisco,” 357–360.
2. Ibid., 366–368.
3. 1870 United States Census, U.S. Census Bureau.
4. Ralph Shaffer and Sheila Skjeie,California and the Coming of the Fifteenth Amendment. Vol. I: California Racism and the Fifteenth Amendment. http://www.csupomona.edu/~reshaffer/Books/black/amend_xv.htm, accessed October 23, 2011.
5. Winfield J. Davis,History of Political Conventions in California (Sacramento: Sacramento Society of California Pioneers, 1893), 242.
6. “Vote of San Francisco,” Daily Alta California Newspaper, Sept. 11, 1867.
7. Letterman Collection of Gordon Dammann. Following its convention, the Union Party was hurt by defectors, who broke away to form the Republican Party, effectively dividing the Union Party vote. Following the 1867 election the Union Party dissolved. In future elections, Letterman faced Republican Party opponents.
8. A native of Pennsylvania, Massey was an accomplished cabinetmaker before he joined the California gold rush in 1849 and then settled in San Francisco to become one of its foremost undertakers.
9. Letterman’s brother, William Henry, visited Letterman in the days following his wife’s death. He later wrote the only known account of Mary’s death in correspondence with his family.
10. “Inquests,” Daily Alta California, June 28, 1871.
11. Charles Kieffer, “Tropical Diseases,”The Philadelphia Medical Journal, February 7, 1908, 252.
12. JoAnn Prause, Roxanne Cohen Silver, Judith Pizarro, “Physical and Mental Health Costs of Traumatic War Experiences Among Civil War Veterans,”Archives of General Psychiatry 63 (2006), 196.
13. Jonathan Letterman,The Coroner’s Report 1868–1869 to the Board of Supervisors (City and County of San Francisco).
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. “Notices,”Sacramento Daily Union, July 20, 1870.
17. “Annual Report of Coroner Letterman,” Daily Alta California, August 5, 1871.
18. E.T. Wilkens, MD,Insanity and Insane Asylums for the State of California (Sacramento: T.A. Sprixger, State Printer, 1871), 136–137.
19. Stockton Daily Independent, March 16, 1872,Sacramento Daily Union, March 18, 1872.
20. “Obituary Notice of Dr. Letterman,” The Western Lancet, April 1872, 232–233.
21. Clements,A Memoir, 25–26.
22. Ibid., 27.
23. Mary Gillett,The Army Medical Department 1865–1917 (Washington, DC: Center for Military History, U.S. Army, 1987), 11–13.
24. Wyndham D. Miles,A History of the City of San Francisco (San Francisco:A. L. Bancroft & Company, 1878), 25–34.
25. “Notices,”Washington Post, October 22, 1911.
26. “Miss Letterman Rites Planned in Baltimore,” Albuquerque Tribune, December 17, 1957, 13.
27. “Important Orders by the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac,”The Medical and Surgical Reporter, November 15, 1862, 186.
28. “Our Medical Army Does a Vast Job,”The New York Times, June 13, 1943. American troops suffered approximately 15,600 wounded in thirty-eight days’ fighting on Sicily. By contrast, Letterman had been responsible for approximately 12,000 wounded in only three days’ fighting at Gettysburg.
29. “Medicine:All-American Surgeon,”Time, November 24, 1947.
Chapter 12
1. Chesson,The Journal of a Civil War Surgeon, 105.
2. Letterman,Medical Recollections, 21.
3. Report of Surgeon Jonathan Letterman to Brigadier General S. Williams, March 1, 1863.
4. Letterman,Medical Recollections, 51.
5. Freemon,Gangrene and Glory, 215–222.
6. Gillett,The Army Medical Department 1865–1917, 276–278.
7. Letterman Report to Brigadier General S. Williams.
8. Gillett,The Army Medical Department 1865–1917, 280–286.
9. Ibid., 286.
10. Harold Straubing,In Hospital and Camp (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1993), 90–93.
11. Russell Alger, The Spanish-American War (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1901), 411.
12. Ibid., 412–414.
13. Hood,Jonathan Letterman, 194–197.
14. Clements,A Memoir, 21.
15. Rudolph Bloom, “Surgeon Jonathan Letterman, U.S.A.,” The Army Medical Bulletin, October 1937, 85.
Chapter 13
1. The Centennial History of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity, vol. 1, appendix 2, 497–500.
2. Ibid.
3. Sears,George B. McClellan, 196.
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