Defying Reality
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avatars, 64, 65, 93, 115, 168
BaDoinkVR, 216
Barker, Robert, 18–19
Barra, Hugo, 207
Bates, Joseph, 23
Baum, L. Frank, 226–27
Beck, Vicki Dobbs, 240
Big Bang Theory (TV show), 199
binocular cues, 20, 29, 44, 48, 216
Binstock, Atman, 98, 121, 122, 199
Birthday Surprise (movie), 216
biunial magic lantern, 30, 31
Bleszinski, Cliff, 82
blocking real world, 16, 143–44, 226
Boeing, 227
Bolas, Mark, 72–73, 117
Bouton, Charles-Marie, 19
Bravo, Janicza, 166–67
Breuil, Henri, 15
Brewster, Sir David, 22, 28
bridge, crossing, 170–72, 173
Brin, Sergey, 118
Bwana Devil (movie), 38–39
camera, virtual reality, 178–81
camera phones, 231–32
Canalys, 208
Cannes Lions film festival, 200
Carbon Design Group, 98
Cardboard. See Google Cardboard
car dealership applications, 45, 163
Carl Zeiss AG, 162
Carmack, John, 6, 75–76, 79, 82, 83, 97–98, 120, 157, 208, 209
Caudell, Tom, 227
cave artists, 15–17
CCP Games, 193
Chagué, Sylvain, 167–73, 174
Chaperone, 127, 145, 146, 196
Character Marker, 227
Charbonnier, Caecelia, 167–73, 174
chat rooms (VR), 247, 248–50, 252
China, 17, 18, 207, 237
“Chinese Oculus,” 161
Chou, Peter, 118, 128
Chronos, 188
Chrono Trigger, 70, 211
“Cinema of the Future” (Heilig), 43
Cinématographe, 30–31
Cinerama, 41–42, 43, 179
Cirque du Soleil, 139, 200
Climb, The, 188–89, 192
coding in Las Vegas, 139–64
Cole, David, 93–94
Commune, 104, 106
computer-mediated reality, 226
computers and artificial environments, 46–49
console cowboys, 3, 4, 14, 55–66
Consumer Electronics Show (CES), 85–86, 101, 140–42, 148, 153–54, 159–64, 165, 214
“Contributions to the Physiology of Vision” (Wheatstone), 20–21
convergence cues, 20
cool events and VR, 135–36
Cuban, Mark, 160
cyberpunk, 3, 4, 66, 70, 111, 125, 169
Cyclop, 161
Daguerre, Louis, 19, 22
daguerreotype, 19, 22
d’Almeida, Joseph-Charles, 29–30
Damaged Core, 188
dangers of VR, 218–19, 252, 253
Darling, Ela, 216–19
“Darth Vader helmet,” 51
DataGlove, 59, 60, 61, 62–63
data gloves, 52–53, 58, 59, 247–48
DataSuit, 59, 62
dating simulator, 219
Dawn of the New Everything (Lanier), 56–57
Dear Angelica (movie), 175–76
Defanti, Thomas, 52–53
Defense Grid 2, 193, 198
defying reality. See virtual reality
depth perception, 20, 41
Dern, Laura, 183
design applications, 11, 250
De Toth, André, 39–40
Diamonds, Red, 141
DigiCapital, 199
“dinosaur in a hotel room,” 243, 244–45
dioramas, 19, 31
Disney Movies VR, 200
Disney Studios, 200
Displaced (movie), 137–38, 200
disruption machine, 225–26
Dixon, Chris, 90
Doom, 6, 75, 76, 79, 82
Dorsett, Henry, 245–46, 246–47, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252
Downey, Robert, Jr., 231
Dr. Grordbort’s Invaders, 240
DreamWorks, 175
Dungeons & Dragons, 3, 4, 170, 201, 252
Dunn, Mike, 182
Eastman Kodak Company, 36, 94
educational applications, 11, 45, 92–93, 181, 253
Electronic Entertainment Expo, 76
eMagin, 70
Epic Games, 82
EVE: Valkyrie, 150, 193
Evolution of Verse (Milk), 166, 178
“experience reels,” 135
Experience Theater, 46
EyePhone, 59, 60, 62–63
Eyerman, J. R., 38
eye tracking, 47, 51
F > $ + K (fun must exceed the sum of its cost and clunkiness), 87
Facebook. See also Oculus VR; Zuckerberg, Mark
dangers of, 219
Luckey delivery of first Rift preorder, 189–90
Oculus VR acquisition, 6, 91–92, 93, 94–97, 104–5, 107–8, 117, 118, 122–23, 129, 150, 151, 160, 206, 208, 214
postings on, 142, 205
failures (VR), 4–5, 9, 40, 63, 65–66, 79, 81, 89, 96, 108, 112, 141
Fantastic Contraption, 197–98
Farnsworth, Philo, 104
FEELREAL VR mask, 112
Feiner, Steve, 228, 230–31
Felix & Paul Studios, 200
Fidelity, 224, 237
field of view, 78
Fiendlord’s Keep, 211
fighter pilots, 50–52, 227
1st & Ten, 230
Forbes, 6, 105, 107, 108, 134, 225
Force Dynamics, 78, 107
Ford Motor Company, 45, 250
Formation 8, 90
Founders Fund, 90
FOV2GO, 117
FoxTrax, 229–30
free-rotation simulator, 163–64
Furness, Thomas, 49–52, 61–62, 227
Gaikai, 79
Game Developers Conference, 123–24, 125–28, 129, 145, 176
gamers. See video games
Gaming and Virtual Reality Marketplace, 141, 159
Gear. See Samsung Gear VR
Gear VR Theater, 164
Gibson, William, 3, 4, 60, 64, 113, 236
Giger, H. R., 67
Giroptic, 162
Goetgeluk, Jan, 160
GoldenEye 007, 70
Google, 135, 224, 231–32, 237, 241
Google Cardboard, 117–18, 135, 136, 137, 155, 161, 162, 179, 200, 207, 214
Google Glass, 146, 241
Google Maps, 118
Google Ventures, 113
Gordon-Levitt, Joseph, 176–78
Graves, Harold, 36–37
Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 22
Great Train Robbery (movie), 32
Gruber, William, 36–37
Guber, Peter, 185
Gu Hongzhong, 18
gyroscopes, 99
H. C. White, 25
Haidamus, Ramzi, 179–81
Half-Life, 118
Hammond, Laurens, 32–33
hand tracking, 247
Hanks, Tom, 141–42
Hard World for Small Things (Bravo), 166–67
Hasbro, 65, 87, 201
head-mounted displays (HMDs), 41–53, 56, 58, 227, 228, 230–31, 232. See also headsets; Luckey, Palmer; virtual reality; specific head-mounted displays
headphones, 7, 114, 116, 130, 137, 143, 165, 166, 182, 191
headsets, 1–2. See also head-mounted displays; Luckey, Palmer; virtual reality; specific headsets
Heilig, Morton, 42–46, 227
Hidden Path Entertainment, 193
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Sr., 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 43, 101
HoloLens, 241
Homido Mini, 162
Honey, Stanley, 230
Horowitz, Andreessen, 224
Hour Blue, 235, 236
House, Andrew, 117
House of Wax (movie), 39–40
Howlett, Eric, 60
Hronopoulos, Andreas, 214
HTC Vive, 118, 119, 123–28, 129, 130, 141, 161, 163, 166, 168, 176, 194, 195–98, 198–99, 200, 201, 202, 203, 207–8, 214, 221, 244, 247
HTC Vive Pre, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146–47
HTC Vive Revive, 211
humanity, changing, 2–3, 10–13, 24, 26, 62, 63, 131, 186, 225–26, 245, 253, 254, 255
“Human Visual System and the Rift,” 103
I AM Cardboard, 162
id Software, 75, 119
ILMxLab, 240
image cards, 22, 25–28
immersive simulation, 2, 16, 17, 18, 19, 25, 30, 32, 33, 39–40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 48, 52, 76, 80, 116, 145, 166, 173, 176, 179, 184, 191, 214, 217, 218, 226, 247. See also virtual reality
Industrial Light & Magic, 175
International Data Corporation, 241
Internet, 1, 66, 79, 96, 113, 114, 136, 148, 149, 154, 204, 205, 215, 219, 255
into the Rift, 67–83. See also Oculus Rift
“Introduction to Audio in VR,” 103
iPhones, 70, 203, 241
Iribe, Brendan, 79–80, 81–82, 83, 91–92, 101–2, 121–22, 130, 174–75, 206–7, 208, 209
isolation importance, 143–45
Jaffray, Piper, 220
Joaquin, James, 237
Jobs, Steve, 235
Job Simulator, 146–48
Johnny Mnemonic (movie), 4, 65
JPMorgan, 160, 224, 237
kaleidoscopes, 22
Kassidy, Jill, 213
Kennedy Space Center, 163
Keystone View Company, 27
Kickstarter, 111, 112, 113, 160, 161
Oculus, 6, 73–75, 76, 80, 81–83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 95, 96–97, 99, 105, 119, 121, 128, 148, 153, 215
Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 250
King, Stephen, 63–64
Knowledge-based Augmented Reality for Maintenance Assistance (KARMA), 228, 230
Kotaku, 120
Krush Technologies, 163
Lanier, Jaron, 53, 55–60, 62, 63, 108
Lascaux Cave, France, 15–17
latency, 77
La Touraine, Inc., 214, 215
Lawnmower Man, The (movie), 4, 63–64, 70
Leap Motion, 114
LEEP Cyberface, 61
Legendary Entertainment, 224, 234
lightfield chip, 224, 233, 237
Lighthouse, 124–25, 127
Liquid Image Corporation, 71
live events, 92–93, 94, 179–80, 184–86, 229–30, 251, 252, 254
locations, simulating, 248–49
Lord of the Rings, The (movies), 236
Lost (movie), 175
Lucas, George, 235
Lucasfilm Ltd., 240
Luckey, Donald and Julie, 68–69
Luckey, Palmer Freeman. See also head-mounted displays; headsets; Oculus; virtual reality
accessibility of, 106, 107
background of, 1, 5–6, 68–73, 77, 86, 95, 128
departure from Oculus, 210–11
Facebook’s acquisition, 91–92, 93, 96–97, 104–5, 107–8, 208
first preorder delivered by, 189–90
media relations and, 131–35
Nimble America, 203–6, 210
preorder sales of Rift, 154–57, 158–59, 189–90
Rift’s cost, 151–52, 154–56
science fiction, 68, 70, 82, 91, 93
success of, 86, 104–9, 130–31, 134, 135, 187–88
ZeniMax Media v. Oculus, 208, 209, 210
Lucky’s Tale, 150, 193
Lumière, Auguste & Louis, 30–31, 178
Machi Asobi, 211
magical thinking, 223–42
magic lantern slide shows, 30, 31
Magic Leap, 224–26, 232–42, 244
magnetometers, 99
Mako Surgical, 235, 236
Mandala, 57–58
Mandalay Entertainment, 185
Martian VR Experience, The (movie), 181–83, 184
Martin, Ross, 189
Master Key, The (Baum), 226–27
Matrix, 3, 60, 114
Matrix, The (movie), 5, 66, 70, 144, 173
Matrix Partners, 90
Mattel, 37, 61, 135
Meant to Be Seen in 3-D (MTBS3D), 71, 73–75, 76
medical applications, 61, 62, 236, 240, 250–51
Meta, 241
Metal Gear, 211
Metaverse, 64–65, 93, 114
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 35, 36
Microsoft, 12, 98, 119, 146, 149, 191, 241
military applications, 11, 13, 37, 39, 45, 49–52, 61, 62, 63, 227, 229
Milk, Chris, 166, 178
Minecraft, 95, 96
Mitchell, Nate, 80, 81, 206
mixed reality, 224, 232–34, 236–41. See also augmented reality; virtual reality
Mizell, David, 227
“modding,” 69, 70–71
modeling applications, 250
ModRetro Forums, 69–70
Molteni, Alfred, 30
monocular cues, 20
Morgan Stanley, 237
motion parallax cues, 20
motion simulation, 46, 163–64
motion simulator sickness, 4, 5, 99–100, 188–89, 192–93, 194
Moveo, 163
movies, 4, 30–32, 38, 63–65, 66. See also 3-D movies; virtual reality movies; specific movies
MRG2.2, 71
multiple realities, 143–46
multisensory experience, 43–46, 112
Muppets, The (TV show), 177
NASA, 60–61, 63, 163, 242
Natural Vision system, 38–39
Naughty America, 214, 215, 216, 220, 221
Naughty Dog, 98
Neuromancer (Gibson), 3, 60, 64, 113, 236
New Audioscopiks, The (movie), 36
Newell, Gabe, 6, 82, 119–20, 123
New Frontier Exhibition, 166–73
news applications, 136–37
NewYork-Presbyterian, 250–51
New York Times, The, 35, 36, 136–38, 179, 200
New York World’s Fair, 37
NextVR, 94, 185
Niantic, 232
Night Revels of Han Xizai, The (Gu Hongzhong), 18
Nimble America, 203–6, 207, 210
Nintendo, 4–5, 61, 65, 141
Nokia Corporation, 178–81
nondisclosures, 97, 208, 209, 224
Norling, John, 40
Oboler, Arch, 38
Obvious Ventures, 237
occlusion cues, 20
Oculus Connect, 103, 200, 206
Oculus Home, 192, 198
Oculus Remote, 150
Oculus Rev Kit, 121
Oculus Rift. See also Luckey, Palmer; Oculus VR; Samsung Gear VR
coding in Las Vegas, 141, 142, 145, 160
Consumer Version 1 (CV1), 129–30, 131, 149
cost, 6, 10, 74, 81, 88, 99, 118, 130, 149, 150–52, 153, 154–57, 194, 201
Crescent Bay, 6–10, 11–12, 103–4, 153
Development Kit 1/2 (DK1/2), 88–90, 99–101, 102, 128, 155
future of, 247, 250
into the Rift, 67–83
oncoming train, 166–73, 182, 184
success of, 85–86, 86–87, 109, 119, 153–54, 163, 203, 207–8, 214, 244
taking hold, 112, 113, 114, 116–31, 134, 135
this is real, 187–89, 191–95, 194, 198–99, 200, 201, 202
“Oculus Rift: Step Into the Game,” 82
Oculus Store, 211
Oculus Story Studio, 174–77, 181
Oculus Touch, 130, 131, 132, 182, 184, 194, 202
Oculus Video, 184
Oculus VR. See also Facebook; Luckey, Palmer; Oculus Rift
developers, importance of, 87, 91, 102–3, 129, 200
Facebook’s acquisition of, 6, 91–92, 93, 94–97, 104–5, 107–8, 117, 118, 122–23, 129, 150, 151, 160, 206, 208, 214
Kickstarter, 6, 73–75, 76, 80, 81–83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 95, 96–97, 99, 105, 119, 121, 128, 148, 153, 215
Nimble America, 203–6, 207, 210
oncoming train, 174, 184
pornography industry, 214, 221
shake-up at, 206–7, 210–11
taking hold, 129
two billion reasons, 6, 85–109, 118, 122, 208
Valve and, 119–22, 123, 129, 199
ZeniMax Media v., 98, 208–10
Olympics, 200, 230
Omni, 160–61
oncoming train, 165–86
O’Neill, John, 65
optics, 19–21
orgasmatron, 213–21
Owlchemy Labs, 146
Ozo camera, 178–81
Pachter, Michael, 94
Page, Larry, 118
panoramas, 18–19, 31
Paramount Pictures, 41
“passthrough camera,” 145
Patrón Spirits Company, 112–13
Paul, Ian, 215–16, 220, 221
people, simulating, 249–50
Perfecscope, 24–28
peripheral vision, 41, 143
Perkins, Kleiner, 224
Persson, Markus (“Notch”), 95–96
physical vs. virtual, 2, 48, 143–46, 248–49
Pixar Animation Studios, 175
Planck, Max, 175
Plantation, FL, 223, 238, 239, 242
Playful Corp, 193
PlayStation. See Sony PlayStation
Pokémon Go, 232
polarized 3-D system, 38–39
Polygon, 189, 190
Pop-Optix Labs, 60–61
pornography, 213–21
Portal, 196
Porter, Edwin S., 32
Power Glove, 61
Power of Love, The (movie), 32
Princeton Video Image, 229
Project Glass, 231
Project Morpheus. See Sony Project Morpheus
promotion applications, 112–13, 162
Pygmalion’s Spectacles, 15–40
“Pygmalion’s Spectacles” (Weinbaum), 33–34
Quake, 75
QuakeCon, 82
Qualcomm, 163, 237
Quill, 176
Rainbows End (Vinge), 236